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CHAPTER 3
USFS Terminal and
Area Characteristics
The security at ferry terminals is addressed in 33 CFR 105. Terminal facilities are required to
conduct a facility security and vulnerability assessment and develop a facility security plan (FSP)
that meets captain of the port (COTP) approval if they receive any of the following:
· Vessels with passenger capacities greater than 150,
· Vessels on international voyages that have more than 12 passengers and one for-hire (i.e., vessels
that fall under SOLAS), and
· Cargo vessels that have more than 100 gross register tons.
Exemptions are made for facilities that receive vessels with passenger capacities greater than 150
if the vessels are not carrying passengers. Area security plans (ASPs) are required for all waterways
under U.S. jurisdiction (33 CFR 103). These plans are developed by the Area Maritime Security
(AMS) Committee after completion of an area maritime security assessment (AMSA).
Currently, there are almost 600 terminals in the USFS, and more than half of these terminals
are located in 10 states. Nationally, only a small number of these 600 terminals process 1 million
or more passengers and vehicles annually. Ferry terminals can be enclosed buildings that support
an operator's business functions and may shelter small retail or other waterfront services. In other
instances, a small building supporting a fare purchasing window and a dock for boarding and
alighting passengers and/or vehicles is considered a ferry terminal. Most ferry terminals are acces-
sible to vehicles. On-site parking is available at 55% of all ferry terminals. Many terminals have
public access areas, but often restrict access to boarding and debarking areas to fare-paying cus-
tomers. Drop-off areas for passengers, luggage, or both are particular security concerns because
they increase the hazards of vehicle-borne incendiary and explosive devices (IEDs) by reducing
standoff distances and may limit ability to screen passenger luggage.
Some of the considerations in conducting vulnerability assessments and developing security
plans under 33 CFR 105 may include docks, moorings, and gangways, which are briefly described
in Section 3.1. Other areas with security implications are fare collection, waiting areas, and vessel
loading, which are described in Section 3.2.Waterway area effects are briefly discussed in Section 3.3,
and types of ownership/operation are discussed in Section 3.4.
3.1 Docks, Moorings, and Gangways
Docking configurations at ferry terminals depend on the type of vessels received. Vehicle fer-
ries are typically end-loaded and, hence, have dock facilities that accommodate this process, as
illustrated in Figure 3. Vehicles to be loaded are temporarily stored at landside or dockside vehicle
staging areas. Passenger-only ferries are typically side-loaded, although some newer passenger-only
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Chapter 3: USFS Terminal and Area Characteristics 35
Source: TCRP Report 100: Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual, 2nd Edition, Transportation
Research Board, 2004, page 6-5.
Figure 3. Diagram of vehicle staging area in relation to ferry vessel.
ferries are end-loaded. The most typical dock design has parallel berths, such as the design shown
in Figure 4. Some dock facilities may have a variety of berthing arrangements to facilitate a range
of vessel types. Many ferries use gangways to provide a temporary ramp from the vessel to a dock-
side platform.
Mooring procedures and gangway technology vary considerably from location to location and
vessel to vessel. Some examples of mooring procedures include the following:
· Fasten three lines between the vessel and a shoreside platform.
· Fasten one line and place a heavy gangway on the vessel to secure it to a shoreside platform.
· Use a rack system to guide the vessel to the dock, then place the mooring hooks and gangways.
Source: TCRP Report 100: Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual, 2nd Edition, Transportation
Research Board, 2004, page 6-9.
Figure 4. Typical ferry terminal design.
