National Academies Press: OpenBook

Pavement Markings--Design and Typical Layout Details (2006)

Chapter: Appendix L - Two-Way Left-Turn Lanes

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix L - Two-Way Left-Turn Lanes." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2006. Pavement Markings--Design and Typical Layout Details. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13947.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix L - Two-Way Left-Turn Lanes." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2006. Pavement Markings--Design and Typical Layout Details. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13947.
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Page 108
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix L - Two-Way Left-Turn Lanes." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2006. Pavement Markings--Design and Typical Layout Details. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13947.
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Page 109
Page 110
Suggested Citation:"Appendix L - Two-Way Left-Turn Lanes." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2006. Pavement Markings--Design and Typical Layout Details. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13947.
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Page 110

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

107 ALABAMA The typical spacing between arrows is 32 ft. The minimum interval between sets of arrows is 200 ft, but an interval of 400 ft is desirable (measured as the space between the bottoms of the nearest arrows in each set). ARIZONA The typical spacing between arrows is 32 ft. The use of pavement arrows is optional. ARKANSAS The spacing between arrows is 32 ft. A set of arrows is placed 100 ft (measured to the center point between the pair of arrows) from the beginning or end of the two-way left-turn lane even when it is interrupted for a one-direction left-turn lane at an intersection. A set of arrows is placed 100 ft (measured to the center point between the pair of arrows) from side streets if a gap is placed in the lane line markings for the two-way left-turn lane. The interval be- tween sets of arrows is 500 to 1,000 ft in urban areas and 1,300 to 1,500 ft in rural areas. CALIFORNIA The distance between the tips of the arrowheads is generally equal to the left-turn arrow size. Although the typical left- turn arrow is 8 ft long, an arrow that is 24 ft long may be used on high-speed roadways. The use of pavement arrows is optional. COLORADO The typical spacing between the tips of the arrowheads is 32 ft. DELAWARE The typical spacing between the tips of the arrowheads is 32 ft. FLORIDA The spacing between arrows is 12 ft. The maximum interval between sets of arrows is 300 ft. GEORGIA The spacing between arrows is 25 ft. IDAHO The spacing between the tips of the arrowheads is 18 to 32 ft, depending on the prevailing speed. The maximum interval between sets of arrows is 300 ft (measured from the center point between a pair of arrows to the center point between the next pair of arrows) if the ADT of the roadway is more than 10,000. If the ADT of the road- way is less than 10,000, the maximum interval between sets of arrows is 500 ft. Sets of arrows should be placed such that the tip of the nearest arrowhead is no closer than 50 ft to the nearest edge of an intersecting street. ILLINOIS At least two sets of arrows shall be used. Additional sets of arrows shall be placed at 200- to 300-ft intervals. INDIANA The typical spacing between the tips of the arrowheads is 32 ft. The minimum interval between sets of arrows is 400 ft (measured from the center point between a pair of arrows to the center point between the next pair of arrows). IOWA The typical spacing between the tips of the arrowheads is 32 ft. The typical interval in feet between sets of arrows is ten times the speed limit in mph (measured from the center point between a pair of arrows to the center point between the next pair of arrows), or one set of arrows located midblock. APPENDIX L Two-Way Left-Turn Lanes

KANSAS The typical spacing between arrows is 16 ft. The typical interval in feet between sets of arrows is ten times the speed limit in mph (measured from the center point between a pair of arrows to the center point between the next pair of arrows). LOUISIANA The typical spacing between the tips of the arrowheads is 32 ft. At least one set of arrows is placed per block. The maxi- mum interval between sets of arrows is 750 ft. MARYLAND The typical spacing between arrows is 16 ft. The typical interval between sets of arrows is 800 ft (mea- sured as the space between the bottoms of the nearest arrows in each set). A set of arrows shall be placed on each approach to all intersecting streets at a distance of 50 ft from the beginning of the centerline markings. MICHIGAN The spacing between the tips of the arrowheads is 32 ft. The interval between sets of arrows can range from 300 to 1,000 ft (measured as the space between the bottoms of the nearest arrows in each set) as determined by the region traf- fic engineer. MINNESOTA The spacing between the tips of the arrowheads is 8 to 16 ft. The maximum interval between sets of arrows is 200 ft (measured from the center point between a pair of arrows to the center point between the next pair of arrows). Sets of arrows should be placed such that the center point between a set of arrows is 50 ft from the resumption of the centerline markings when they are interrupted for an inter- secting street. MISSISSIPPI The spacing between arrows is 10 ft. 108 Each segment of a continuous two-way left-turn lane is considered separately. If the segment is shorter than 350 ft, one set of arrows is placed in the center of the segment. If the segment is longer than 350 ft, the first set of arrows is placed 50 to 100 ft from the beginning or end of the segment and additional sets of arrows are placed at 250-ft intervals (mea- sured from the center point between a pair of arrows to the center point between the next pair of arrows). MONTANA The spacing between the tips of the arrowheads is no less than 10 ft and no more than 20 ft. A set of arrows should be placed 50 ft from intersections or the ends of single-direction turn lanes. At least two sets of arrows should be used per block. The typical spacing be- tween sets of arrows is 500 ft in urban areas and 1,320 ft in rural areas. NEBRASKA The spacing between the tips of the arrowheads is 24 to 32 ft in urban areas and 32 to 40 ft in rural areas. NEVADA The spacing between the tips of the arrowheads is 8 to 16 ft. NEW HAMPSHIRE The spacing between the tips of the arrowheads is 8 ft. A set of arrows should be placed no less than 50 ft and no more than 100 ft from the end of a single-direction turn lane (this distance is measured from the tip of the nearest arrow- head to the end of the two-way left-turn lane). NEW YORK The spacing between arrows is 5 ft. The typical interval between sets of arrows is 200 ft (mea- sured as the space between the bottoms of the nearest arrows in each set). A set of arrows should be placed 21 ft (shown as 6.5 m) from the end of a single-direction turn lane (this distance is measured from the bottom of the nearest arrow to the end of the two-way left-turn lane). NORTH CAROLINA The spacing between arrows is 10 ft.

109 The typical interval between sets of arrows is 320 ft (mea- sured from the center point between a pair of arrows to the center point between the next pair of arrows). OHIO The spacing between the tips of the arrowheads is 8 to 16 ft. The interval between sets of arrows should be 500 ft to 1,000 ft for speeds up to 40 mph, and 1,000 ft to 1,500 ft for speeds of more than 40 mph. A set of arrows should be placed 100 to 200 ft from the near edge of intersecting roadways or from the ends of the two-way left-turn lane. OKLAHOMA The spacing between arrows is 16 ft. The interval between sets of arrows is 200 ft (measured as the space between the bottoms of the nearest arrows in each set). A set of arrows is placed 30 ft from the ends of the two- way left-turn lane, including when they are interrupted for intersecting roadways. OREGON The typical spacing between arrows is 8 to 16 ft (however, Figure 20 of Oregon’s Traffic Line Manual says that the typ- ical spacing between the tips of the arrowheads is 30 ft). The minimum interval between sets of arrows is 250 ft (measured from the center point between a pair of arrows to the center point between the next pair of arrows). Sets of arrows should be placed at even intervals, proportioned within each block, with the approximate interval in feet being ten times the posted speed limit in mph. PENNSYLVANIA The spacing between the tips of the arrowheads is 8 to 16 ft. The typical interval between sets of arrows is 320 ft (mea- sured from the center point between a pair of arrows to the center point between the next pair of arrows). SOUTH DAKOTA The spacing between the tips of the arrowheads is 16 ft. TENNESSEE The spacing between arrows is typically 32 ft. The maximum interval between sets of arrows is 0.5 mile. Arrows shall not be placed within 100 ft of intersecting roadways. TEXAS The use of turn arrows is optional. If used, the spacing be- tween the tips of the arrowheads is typically 8 to 16 ft. If turn arrows are used, the maximum interval (measured from the center point between a pair of arrows to the center point between the next pair of arrows) between sets of arrows is 1,500 ft and the minimum interval between sets of arrows is 150 ft. UTAH The use of turn arrows is optional. If used, the spacing between the tips of the arrowheads is typically 33 ft. If turn arrows are used, the maximum interval (measured between the tips of the arrowheads of the nearest arrows) between sets of arrows is 300 ft and the minimum interval between sets of arrows is 100 ft. WASHINGTON The spacing between the tips of the arrowheads is 5 to 10 ft. The maximum interval (measured from the center point between a pair of arrows to the center point between the next pair of arrows) between sets of arrows is 500 ft. A set of arrows is placed approximately 100 ft from the ends of two- way left-turn lanes. WEST VIRGINIA The spacing between arrows is typically 32 ft. The typical interval (measured from the center point be- tween a pair of arrows to the center point between the next pair of arrows) between sets of arrows is 200 to 500 ft. WISCONSIN The spacing between arrows is 32 ft. The maximum interval between sets of arrows is 400 ft. Sets of arrows should be placed near intersections or drive- ways with turning traffic.

WYOMING The typical spacing between the tips of the arrowheads is 32 ft. CHARLOTTE, NC The spacing between the tips of the arrowheads is 15 ft. The maximum interval (measured from the center point between a pair of arrows to the center point between the next pair of arrows) between sets of arrows is 300 ft and the min- imum interval between sets of arrows is 100 ft. A set of arrows is placed 25 ft from the end of a single- direction turn lane (this distance is measured from the center 110 point between a pair of arrows to the end of the two-way left- turn lane). No standards were found for: Alaska Rhode Island Connecticut South Carolina Hawaii Vermont Kentucky Virginia Maine District of Columbia Massachusetts Puerto Rico Missouri Los Angeles, CA New Jersey New York, NY New Mexico Tucson/Pima County, AZ North Dakota

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TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 356: Pavement Markings—Design and Typical Layout Details identifies variations in pavement marking designs, practices, and policies, as provided by 48 of 50 state departments of transportation, and transportation agencies from the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and four cities.

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