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Pavement Markings--Design and Typical Layout Details (2006)

Chapter: Chapter Five - Pavement Markings not Specifically Addressed in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices

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Suggested Citation:"Chapter Five - Pavement Markings not Specifically Addressed in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2006. Pavement Markings--Design and Typical Layout Details. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13947.
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Page 43
Page 44
Suggested Citation:"Chapter Five - Pavement Markings not Specifically Addressed in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2006. Pavement Markings--Design and Typical Layout Details. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13947.
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Page 44

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43 ARROWS AND SYMBOLS The design standards for California show that wrong-way arrows (one in each direction) are used at locations near intersections and at a maximum of one-mile spacing where motorists could perceive that they are on a one-way roadway when, actually, they are on a two-lane, two-way highway. The following are some typical situations: • Construction sites where a two-lane highway is being converted to a freeway or an expressway. • Two-lane, two-way highways where ultimate freeway or expressway right-of-way has been purchased and grading for the full width has been completed. • Two-lane, two-way highways following long sections of multi-lane freeway or expressway. The design standards for Georgia show that a different spacing pattern is specified for lane-use arrows and ONLY messages on intersection approaches at the end of exit ramps. The design standards for Georgia also show that U-turn arrows and combination U-turn/left-turn arrows are available for use. The design standards for New York state show that a diverge arrow (see Figure 11) is available for use. WORD MESSAGES The design standards for California show that a STOP word marking is placed such that the tops of the letters are 8 ft from the stop line in advance of all stop lines at STOP sign con- trolled intersections. The design standards for California also state that the SLOW SCHOOL XING word marking shall be used in advance of all yellow school crosswalks that are not con- trolled by STOP signs, YIELD signs, or traffic signals. The words shall be yellow with the final word in the sequence, XING, at least 100 ft in advance of the crosswalk. The SCHOOL XING word marking shall be used in advance of all white school crosswalks. The SCHOOL word marking shall be restricted to a single lane. MISCELLANEOUS TREATMENTS The design standards for Alaska show that overhead snow poles (delineators cantilevered to the edge line suspended from a steel pipe that is mounted 12 ft from the edge line) are available. The design standards for Colorado show that solid 8-in.- wide lane lines separating mandatory left-turn lanes from adjacent through lanes are extended beyond the stop line and may be curved slightly to the left just before they terminate. Lane lines separating mandatory right-turn lanes from adjacent through lanes are extended beyond the stop line to the extension of the edge line of the cross street and are curved slightly to the right just before they terminate. The design standards for Georgia show a design for a combination left-turn/U-turn pavement marking arrow. The design standards for Montana show that designs for his- torical marker turnouts, mailbox turnouts, and chain-up areas are included in the Montana Traffic Engineering Manual. The design standards for New York show that when a climbing lane is provided on a one-way roadway, a double CHAPTER FIVE PAVEMENT MARKINGS NOT SPECIFICALLY ADDRESSED IN THE MANUAL ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES 150 24 00 13 00 30 0 150 1900 1300300 570 71.25° FIGURE 11 Diverge arrow used by New York State DOT (Source: New York DOT pavement marking details, October 22, 2001, Drawing M685-5R1, Sheet 5 of 5).

turn lane in the other direction in a paved center median area. The design standards for the District of Columbia note that on Pennsylvania Avenue between 3rd Street and 15th Street all pavement markings are white, including the cen- terline, because this is a special historic street and does not follow the MUTCD. The design standards for the city of Los Angeles state that pavement markings associated with pedestrians and schools, such as crosswalks and school word markings, may be yellow. 44 broken line (10-ft segments with 30-ft gaps) starts at the upstream end of the full-width lane and ends 600 ft from the downstream end of the full-width lane. A partial bar- rier line (a 4-in.-wide solid line on the left-hand side and a 4-in.-wide broken line with 10-ft segments and 30-ft gaps on the right-hand side) starts at the downstream end of the double broken line and ends 100 ft from the downstream end of the full-width lane. Lane-reduction arrows are not shown. The design standards for Virginia include a design for the transition from a left-turn lane in one direction to a left-

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TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 356: Pavement Markings—Design and Typical Layout Details identifies variations in pavement marking designs, practices, and policies, as provided by 48 of 50 state departments of transportation, and transportation agencies from the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and four cities.

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