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APPENDIX D
Turn Lanes at Intersections
ALABAMA word markings is at least 32 ft. If the turn lane is longer than
500 ft, the spacing between turn arrows and ONLY word
The top of the turn arrow nearest to the stop line is 30 ft from markings must be 80 ft or less.
the stop line, and the top of an optional ONLY word mark-
ing is separated from the bottom of the turn arrow by 32 ft. An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used.
The bottom of an ONLY word marking (or the bottom of
a turn arrow if the ONLY word marking is not used) is placed
at the beginning of the solid 6-in. or 8-in.-wide lane line that ARKANSAS
separates the turn lane from the adjacent through lane. Addi-
tional turn arrows and ONLY word markings are placed in Turn arrows and ONLY word markings are used in manda-
longer turn lanes with a minimum spacing of 100 ft and a tory turn lanes, but the spacing distances are not specified. A
maximum spacing of 200 ft between the tops and bottoms of solid 4-in.-wide lane line is used to separate the turn lane from
subsequent turn arrows and/or ONLY word markings. the adjacent through lane. A 12-in.-wide stop line is used at
the end of major street left-turn lanes even if no signals or
An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow STOP signs are controlling the approach.
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used.
An 8-in.-wide solid lane line is used to separate a lane that
is dropped as a turn lane from the adjacent through lane.
ALASKA
The top of the turn arrow nearest to the stop line is 4 ft from the
CALIFORNIA
stop line, and the tops of the letters of an ONLY word marking
are separated from the bottom of the turn arrow by 4 ft. A turn arrow shall be placed in the turn lane near the point of
entrance. Two or more arrows may be placed in long turn
The bottom of an ONLY word marking is lined up with
lanes. A solid 8-in.-wide lane line shall be used to separate the
the beginning of the solid 8-in.-wide lane line that starts at
turn lane from the adjacent through lane. An 8-ft-long turn
the beginning of the full-width turn lane. The bottom of a
arrow that is similar to the turn arrow shown in Figure 3B-21
turn arrow is placed a distance D from the top of the ONLY
of the 2003 MUTCD is typically used, but high approach
word marking, with the distance D varied from 35 to 80 ft
speeds may justify the use of an elongated 24-ft-long turn
based on speed.
arrow.
ONLY word markings are used in all mandatory turn lanes.
An 8-in.-wide solid line preceded by an 8-in.-wide dotted
line may be placed in advance of an intersection where the
An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used. outside lane is dropped as a mandatory turn lane. The dotted
line starts where a special RIGHT LANE TURNS RIGHT
AHEAD yellow diamond-shaped warning sign is placed at a
ARIZONA distance D from the beginning of the 8-in. solid line. (The
distance D is the advance placement distance in feet for
The top of the turn arrow nearest to the stop line is 20 ft from warning signs per the MUTCD.)
the stop line. The bottom of a turn arrow is lined up with the
beginning of the solid 12-in.-wide lane line at the beginning
of the turn lane. An ONLY word marking is used in all COLORADO
mandatory turn lanes and is installed midway between the
two turn arrows. The turn arrow at the beginning of the Turn arrows and ONLY word markings are not shown in
mandatory turn lane is always required, but the turn arrow mandatory turn lanes. A solid 8-in.-wide lane line is used to
nearest to the stop line may be omitted when the length of the separate a mandatory turn lane from the adjacent through
turn lane is 150 ft or less. lane.
Additional turn arrows and ONLY word markings may be An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow
used as long as the spacing between turn arrows and ONLY shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used.
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CONNECTICUT GEORGIA
An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow The top of the turn arrow nearest to the stop line is placed 25 ft
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used. from the stop line regardless of whether ONLY word markings
are used.
DELAWARE If the turn lane is formed as a new lane at the intersection,
ONLY word markings are not used. In this case, additional
A left-turn arrow is placed such that the bottom of the arrow arrows are placed at 100-ft intervals (measured from the top
lines up with the start of the solid 4-in.-wide lane line separat- of one arrow to the top of the next arrow). Because all turn
ing the left-turn lane from the adjacent through lane. The length lanes are required to have at least two turn arrows, a shorter
of the solid 4-in.-wide lane line is two-thirds of the length of spacing may be used for the second arrow in a short turn lane.
the full-width turn lane. Right-turn arrows are optional in right-
turn lanes. If the turn lane is formed by dropping a through lane, ONLY
word markings are required in addition to the turn arrows.
The top of each ONLY word marking is separated from the
FLORIDA top of the previous turn arrow by 100 ft and from the top of
the next turn arrow by 50 ft.
The tip of the arrowhead for the turn arrow nearest to the stop
line is 25 ft from the stop line. If more than one turn arrow is
An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow
used, the bottom of a turn arrow is placed 15 ft beyond the shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used.
beginning of the solid 6-in.-wide lane line at the beginning
of the turn lane. If more than two turn arrows are used, they
are spaced evenly between the first and last turn arrows. HAWAII
ONLY word markings are used in all lanes where a through An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow
lane becomes a mandatory turn lane and are installed such shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used. An
that the bottom of the letters is 15 ft from the bottom of each elongated 12-ft-long turn arrow is also available.
turn arrow. ONLY word markings are also used in conjunction
with lane use arrows where a movement that would other- IDAHO
wise be legal is to be prohibited. Pavement arrows should not
be routinely applied in through lanes at intersections, except The top of the turn arrow nearest to the stop line is placed
for those with overhead lane-use control signs. 25 ft from the stop line. The bottom of a turn arrow is lined
up with the beginning of the full-width turn lane. An ONLY
For turn lanes where the length of the solid lane line is less word marking may be used in mandatory turn lanes and is
than 100 ft, only one turn arrow is used. Two turn arrows are installed midway between the two turn arrows. If the turn
used for turn lanes where the length of the solid lane line is lane is formed by dropping a through lane, the ONLY word
100 to 150 ft. Three turn arrows are used for turn lanes marking is recommended. The solid 8-in.-wide lane line sep-
where the length of the solid lane line is 150 to 200 ft. For arating the left-turn lane from the adjacent through lane be-
turn lanes where the length of the solid lane line is more gins 10 ft after the top of the turn arrow that is lined up with
than 200 ft, an additional turn arrow is added for each addi- the beginning of the full-width turn lane.
tional 100 ft.
The centerline extends beyond the stop line and terminates
The solid 6-in.-wide lane line between the turn lane and at the nearest crosswalk line. The last 30 ft of the centerline
the adjacent through lane starts a distance beyond the begin- (including the portion beyond the stop line) is a solid yellow
ning of a short 50-ft taper. The distance is based on the design median that is 2 to 4 ft wide. (If space is limited, the solid yel-
speed and varies from 70 to 170 ft for 35 to 65 mph. low median can be as narrow as 8 in. in width.) The double
yellow centerline separates into a pair of double yellow cen-
An 8-in. solid lane line is used to separate a lane that is terlines that taper away from each other to connect to the
dropped as a turn lane from the adjacent through lane. edges of the solid yellow median.
Turn arrows and ONLY word markings are used in all An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow
lanes where a through lane becomes a mandatory turn lane shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used.
and are installed such that the bottom of the letters is 15 ft
from the bottom of each turn arrow. ILLINOIS
An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow Spacing of turn arrows and ONLY word markings (measured
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used. as the blank space between the bottom of one arrow or mes-
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sage to the top of the next arrow or message) is 20 ft in urban markings (measured as the blank space between the bottom
areas and 50 ft in rural areas. of one arrow or message to the top of the next arrow or mes-
sage) is 80 ft. The turn arrow nearest to the upstream end of
An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow the lane line is positioned such that the bottom of the arrow
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used in rural is lined up with the start of the lane line.
areas and a shorter 6-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the
shape of the turn arrow shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003
KENTUCKY
MUTCD is used in urban areas.
Turn arrows shall be used in mandatory turn lanes at signal-
INDIANA ized intersections. In situations where through lanes become
mandatory turn lanes, turn arrows and ONLY word markings
The top of the turn arrow nearest to the stop line is placed 20 ft shall be used.
from the stop line. An ONLY word marking is placed upstream
of the turn arrow such that the distance from the bottom of the Spacing of turn arrows and ONLY word markings shall
turn arrow to the top of the letters of the ONLY word marking be no more than 80 ft and no less than 32 ft (measured as the
is four times the character height for low-speed roadways and blank space between the bottom of one arrow or message to
ten times the character height for high-speed roadways. Addi- the top of the next arrow or message), including the spacing
tional turn arrows may be placed further upstream in the lane. between the first turn arrow and the stop line. The spacing
should be selected to minimize the number of turn arrows
A solid 4-in.-wide lane line is used between the turn lane and ONLY word markings in the turn lane.
and the adjacent through lane.
LOUISIANA
IOWA
The only turn lane illustrated in the standards is for an un-
The tip of the arrowhead for the turn arrow nearest to the stop signalized approach.
line is 25 ft from the stop line. If more than one turn arrow is
used, the tips of the arrowheads for subsequent turn arrows The bottom of the turn arrow nearest to the intersection is
are placed 75 ft from each other. If ONLY word markings are no more than 50 ft from the point of curvature for the edge
used, they are centered in the 75-ft distance between the sub- of the turn lane. The bottom of an ONLY word marking is
sequent arrows. separated from the bottom of the turn arrow by 25 ft. The
solid 8-in.-wide lane line that separates the turn lane from the
In situations where through lanes become mandatory turn adjacent through lane begins at the halfway point between
lanes, turn arrows and ONLY word markings shall be used. the beginning of the full-width turn lane and the point of cur-
Where a separate turn lane (left or right) is provided, lane- vature for the edge of the turn lane at the intersection.
use arrows and ONLY word markings are not required.
Additional turn arrows and ONLY word markings may be
An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow placed in long turn lanes. Additional turn arrows shall be at
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used. least 125 ft from subsequent arrows, and the bottoms of addi-
tional ONLY word markings are separated from the bottom
of their respective turn arrows by 25 ft.
KANSAS
The tip of the arrowhead for the turn arrow nearest to the stop MAINE
line is at least 25 ft from the stop line. Spacing of turn arrows
and ONLY word markings (measured as the blank space be- The top of the turn arrow nearest to the stop line is 20 ft (shown
tween the bottom of one arrow or message to the top of the as 6 m) from the far side of the stop line. If ONLY messages
next arrow or message) shall be no more than ten times the are not used, subsequent turn arrows are spaced such that the
character height and no less than four times the character distance between the turn arrows (measured from the bottom
height. The turn arrow nearest to the upstream end of the of one arrow to the top of the next arrow) is 53 ft (shown as
6-in.-wide solid lane line is positioned such that the bottom 16 m). If ONLY messages are used, the ONLY word marking
of the arrow is lined up with the start of the lane line. is equally spaced between two turn arrows such that the bottom
of the previous turn arrow and the top of the ONLY message is
For lane drops, a 6-in.-wide solid lane line starts 561 ft 33 ft (shown as 10 m) and the bottom of the ONLY message
upstream from the stop line, and turn arrows and ONLY word and the top of the next turn arrow is 33 ft (shown as 10 m).
markings are used. The tip of the arrowhead for the turn
arrow nearest to the stop line is at least 25 ft from the stop A solid 4-in.-wide lane line is used to separate the turn
line. Spacing of alternating turn arrows and ONLY word lane from the adjacent through lane.
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An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow MICHIGAN
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used.
There are two methods to mark turn lanes. One method con-
sists of turn arrows and ONLY word markings and the other
MARYLAND method consists entirely of word messages.
The solid lane line between the turn lane and the adjacent If turn arrows and ONLY word markings are used, the top
through lane starts at the stop line and ends at the halfway of the turn arrow nearest to the stop line is placed at least 25 ft
point of the full-width turn lane. A dotted line (3-ft segments from the stop line. The top of the letters of an ONLY word
with 9-ft gaps) may be used from the halfway point to the end marking is placed a distance D from the bottom of the turn
of the full-width turn lane. arrow. The distance D is based on the posted speed limit as
follows: 32 ft for 25 mph or less, 48 ft for 30 or 35 mph, 64 ft
In separate turn bays that are designed not to entrap through
for 40 or 45 mph, and 80 ft for 50 mph or more. For turn lanes
traffic, the dotted line portion of the lane line may be omit-
that are 175 ft or less in length, only one turn arrow and one
ted, turn arrows may be used, and ONLY word markings
ONLY word marking are used. For turn lanes that are more
should not be used. If turn arrows are used, the center of the
than 175 ft in length, a second turn arrow and a second ONLY
turn arrow nearest to the stop line should be approximately
word marking are used. The second turn arrow and second
50 ft from the stop line. Additional turn arrows as determined
ONLY word marking are positioned such that the bottom of
by engineering analysis may be used in long turn bays.
the letters of the ONLY word marking is lined up with the
start of the solid 4-in.-wide lane line that is used to separate
For dual turn lanes, turn arrows shall be placed in each
the turn lane from the adjacent through lane, and such that
lane at the halfway point of the full-width turn lanes. A sec-
ond set of turn arrows may be placed in each lane halfway the bottom of the turn arrow is placed a distance D from the
between the required arrows and the end of the full-width top of the letters of the ONLY word marking.
turn lanes (three-quarters of the distance from the stop line to
the end of the full-width turn lanes). If the method consisting entirely of word messages is used,
the top of the letters of an ONLY word marking is placed at
Turn arrows and ONLY word markings shall be used in least 25 ft from the stop line. The top of the letters of a TURN
all lanes where a through lane becomes a mandatory turn message is placed a distance D from the bottom of the letters
lane. The minimum configuration shall be an arrow-ONLY- of the ONLY word marking, and the top of the letters of a
arrow sequence, with an equal distance of 40 to 90 ft be- LEFT message is placed a distance D from the bottom of the
tween the center of the ONLY word marking and the cen- letters of the TURN message. The distance D is based on the
ter in each direction of the next upstream and downstream posted speed limit as follows: 32 ft for 25 mph or less, 48 ft
turn arrows. The center of the turn arrow nearest to the stop for 30 or 35 mph, 64 ft for 40 or 45 mph, and 80 ft for 50 mph
line should be approximately 50 ft from the stop line. Sec- or more.
tion 3B.19 of the Maryland supplement to the MUTCD has
a chart that specifies (based on a variety of speeds) how to A solid 4-in.-wide lane line is used to separate the turn
add more turn arrows and ONLY word markings to the lane lane from the adjacent through lane. The solid 4-in.-wide
being dropped such that the first turn arrow encountered lane line starts at the point where the full width first becomes
ranges from 375 ft from the stop line for a prevailing (not available for a left-turn lane and at least 25 ft from the point
posted) speed of 25 mph to 800 ft from the stop line for a where the full width first becomes available for a right-turn
prevailing speed of 55 mph. lane.
For lane drops, the normal broken lane line shall become a An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow
dotted line (3-ft segments with 9-ft gaps) beginning at the first shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used.
turn arrow, and shall become a solid lane line at the halfway
point between the first turn arrow and the stop line.
MINNESOTA
MASSACHUSETTS If the length of the full-width turn lane is 200 ft or less, a sin-
gle turn arrow is placed in the lane at the point that is halfway
The top of the turn arrow nearest to the stop line is 20 ft between the stop line and the end of the full-width turn lane.
(shown as 6 m) from the stop line. If ONLY messages are The lane line that is used to separate the turn lane from the
used, the top of the ONLY word marking is at least 32 ft adjacent through lane starts 50 ft after the turn lane becomes
(shown as 9.8 m) from the bottom of the turn arrow. full width.
An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow If the length of the full-width turn lane is more than 200 ft,
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used. two turn arrows are placed in the lane. The top of the turn
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arrow nearest to the stop line is placed 30 to 80 ft from the NEVADA
stop line. The bottom of the other turn arrow is placed 20 ft
beyond the beginning of the solid lane line that is used to sep- An 8-in.-wide solid lane line is used between the turn lane
arate the turn lane from the adjacent through lane. The lane and the adjacent through lane. The length of this lane line is
line that is used to separate the turn lane from the adjacent two-thirds of the length of the full-width turn lane.
through lane starts 50 ft after the turn lane becomes full width.
If the length of the solid lane line is less than 55 ft, a single
An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow turn arrow is used and it is placed such that the top of the turn
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used. arrow is 8 ft from the stop line. If the length of the solid lane
line is 55 ft to 95 ft, an ONLY word marking and a turn arrow
are used, with the top of the letters of the ONLY word mark-
MISSISSIPPI ing placed 8 ft from the stop line, and the bottom of the turn
arrow lined up with the end of the lane line. (This is reverse
An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow reading with drivers encountering the turn arrow first and
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used. the ONLY word marking second.) If the length of the solid
lane line is more than 95 ft, an alternating series of turn arrows
and ONLY word markings are used, with the top of the turn
MISSOURI
arrow nearest to the stop line placed 8 ft from the stop line
The turn arrow nearest to the stop line is 75 ft from the stop and with the spacing between the bottom of subsequent turn
line. Two turn arrows are used for the first 200 ft of turn lane arrows or ONLY word markings being 32 to 80 ft from the
and one additional turn arrow is placed for every additional top of the next turn arrow or ONLY word marking.
400 ft of turn lane.
An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow
An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used.
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used.
NEW HAMPSHIRE
MONTANA
Specific layouts of turn arrows and ONLY word markings are
A turn arrow and an ONLY word marking are used in manda- given for the following lengths of solid lane lines between the
tory turn lanes. A second turn arrow and ONLY word mark- turn lane and the adjacent through lane: 100 ft, 150 ft, 200 ft,
ing are used if the AADT exceeds 5,000 or if the length of 250 ft, 300 ft, and 350 ft. For a 100-ft lane line, an ONLY
the turn lane is more than 150 ft. The turn arrow nearest to word marking and a turn arrow are used, with the bottom of
the stop line is at least 20 ft from the stop line. The distance the letters of the ONLY word marking placed 40 ft from the
between turn arrows and ONLY word markings in the turn stop line, and the bottom of the turn arrow lined up with the
lane is not specified, but it is clear that each ONLY word end of the lane line. (This is reverse reading with drivers
marking appears just before the bottom of the turn arrow so encountering the turn arrow first and the ONLY word mark-
that they function as a single message. The spacing between ing second.) For 150-ft and 200-ft lane lines, a turn arrow is
successive sets of turn arrows and ONLY word markings placed such that the bottom of the arrow is 40 ft from the stop
varies with the design speed, and it is suggested that a spac- line, a second turn arrow is placed such that the bottom of the
ing of approximately four times the character height be used arrow is lined up with the end of the lane line, and an ONLY
on low-speed facilities (45 mph or less) and up to ten times word marking is placed halfway between the two turn arrows.
the character height be used on high-speed facilities (50 mph For 250-ft, 300-ft, and 350-ft lane lines, a turn arrow is placed
or more). such that the bottom of the arrow is 40 ft from the stop line,
a second turn arrow is placed such that the bottom of the
The 8-in.-wide solid lane line between the turn lane and arrow is lined up with the end of the lane line, a third turn
the adjacent through lane starts at the stop line and ends 20 ft arrow is placed halfway between the other two turn arrows,
before the point where the full-width turn lane begins. and two ONLY word markings are placed at the halfway
points between the three turn arrows.
An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow
A broken lane line is used before the solid lane line be-
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used.
tween the turn lane and the adjacent through lane, even for
turn lanes that are formed by a taper. The length of the bro-
NEBRASKA ken lane line and the number of additional turn arrows is
based on the posted speed limit. For speed limits of 40 mph
The 4-in.-wide solid lane line between the turn lane and the or less, one additional turn arrow is placed in the turn lane,
adjacent through lane starts at the stop line and ends at the and for speed limits of 45 mph or more, two additional turn
beginning of the full-width turn lane. arrows are placed in the turn lane.
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An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow the arrow is lined up with the end of the full-width turn lane.
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used. A third turn arrow is centered between the other two. Addi-
tional arrows may be used if the turn lane is long. A 4-in. or
6-in.-wide solid lane line is used between the turn lane and
NEW YORK the adjacent through lane. This lane line starts at the stop line
and ends 250 ft from the stop line. A 4-in. or 6-in.-wide dot-
The top of the turn arrow nearest to the stop line is placed
ted line (2-ft segments with 13-ft gaps) starts at the end of the
21 ft (shown as 6.5 m) from the stop line. Each turn arrow is
lane line and ends at the beginning of the left-turn lane taper.
accompanied by an ONLY word marking that is placed such
that the tops of the letters of the ONLY word marking are
Two sets of pavement markings (with each set comprised
5 ft from the bottom of the turn arrow. If the length of the
of two turn arrows and one ONLY word marking) are used
full-width turn lane is less than 90 ft, only one turn arrow and
in all lanes where a through lane becomes a mandatory turn
ONLY word marking is provided. If the length of the full-
lane. In each set, the ONLY word marking is placed halfway
width turn lane is between 90 and 135 ft, a second turn arrow
between the two turn arrows whose tops are placed 150 ft
and ONLY word marking is provided with the distance be-
apart. In the first set, the top of the turn arrow nearest to the
tween the top of the second turn arrow 25 to 65 ft (shown as
stop line is placed 50 ft from the stop line. In the second set,
7.5 to 20 m) from the bottom of the letters of the first ONLY
the top of the turn arrow nearest to the stop line is placed
word marking. If the length of the full-width turn lane is be-
350 ft from the stop line if the speed limit is 35 mph or less,
tween 135 and 250 ft, a second turn arrow and ONLY word
400 ft from the stop line if the speed limit is 40 to 50 mph, or
marking is provided with the distance between the top of the
650 ft from the stop line if the speed limit is 55 mph or more.
second turn arrow 65 ft (shown as 20 m) from the bottom of
the letters of the first ONLY word marking. If the length of the
A 200-ft solid lane line that is 4-in. to 6-in.-wide is used
full-width turn lane is between 250 and 500 ft, a second turn
to separate a lane that is dropped as a turn lane from the adja-
arrow and ONLY word marking is provided with the dis-
cent through lane.
tance between the top of the second turn arrow 65 ft (shown
as 20 m) from the bottom of the letters of the first ONLY
An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow
word marking, and a third turn arrow and ONLY word mark-
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used.
ing is provided with the bottom of the ONLY word marking
being 33 ft (shown as 10 m) from the start of the full-width
turn lane. NORTH DAKOTA
An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow An 8-in.-wide solid lane line is used between the turn lane
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used. and the adjacent through lane.
Turn arrows and ONLY word markings are used in turn
NORTH CAROLINA lanes. The top of the letters of an ONLY word marking are
typically placed 44 ft, but no less than 32 ft, from the bottom
If the length of the full-width turn lane is less than 125 ft, a
of the next downstream turn arrow.
single turn arrow is placed halfway between the stop line and
the end of the full-width turn lane. A 4-in. or 6-in.-wide solid
An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow
lane line is used between the turn lane and the adjacent through
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used.
lane. This lane line starts at the stop line and ends at the
beginning of the full-width turn lanes.
OHIO
If the length of the full-width turn lane is more than 125 ft
but less than 250 ft, two turn arrows are placed in the lane. The Lane use arrows should be used in all turn lanes. ONLY word
top of the turn arrow nearest to the stop line is placed 50 ft markings may be used if there is a need.
from the stop line. The other turn arrow is placed such that
the bottom of the arrow is lined up with the end of the full- In urban areas, the top of the turn arrow nearest to the stop
width turn lane. A 4-in. or 6-in.-wide solid lane line is used line is placed at least 10 ft from the downstream edge of the
between the turn lane and the adjacent through lane. This stop line. A 6-ft tall ONLY word marking is placed such that
lane line starts at the stop line and ends at the beginning of the tops of the letters of the ONLY word marking are 24 to
the full-width turn lanes. 60 ft from the bottom of the turn arrow. A second turn arrow
is placed such that the top of the turn arrow is 24 to 60 ft from
If the length of the full-width turn lane is more than 250 ft, the bottoms of the letters of the ONLY word marking.
three turn arrows are placed in the lane. The top of the turn
arrow nearest to the stop line is placed 50 ft from the stop In rural areas, the top of the turn arrow nearest to the stop
line. A second turn arrow is placed such that the bottom of line is placed at least 30 ft from the downstream edge of the
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stop line. An 8-ft tall ONLY word marking is placed such that An 8-in.-wide solid lane line is used between the turn bay
the tops of the letters of the ONLY word marking are 32 to and the adjacent through lane.
80 ft from the bottom of the turn arrow. A second turn arrow
is placed such that the top of the turn arrow is 32 to 80 ft from Two turn arrows are required in a dropped lane, but the
the bottoms of the letters of the ONLY word marking. use of an ONLY word marking is still optional.
An 8-in.-wide solid lane line is used between the turn lane An 8-in.-wide solid line preceded by an 8-in.-wide dotted
and the adjacent through lane. line (3-ft segments separated by 9-ft gaps) is placed in ad-
vance of an intersection where the outside lane is dropped as
(Section 301-8 of Ohio's Traffic Engineering Manual says a mandatory turn lane. The lengths of these lines are not
that the spacing between turn arrows and between turn arrows specified.
and ONLY word markings should be ten times the height of
the characters.) An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used. An elon-
An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow gated 12-ft-long turn arrow is also available.
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used. An
elongated 12-ft-long turn arrow is also available.
PENNSYLVANIA
OKLAHOMA Where through lanes become mandatory turn lanes, turn
arrows are required and ONLY word markings are optional.
Turn arrows are required in turn lanes, but ONLY word mark- For other turn lanes, both the turn arrows and ONLY word
ings are optional. markings are optional.
The solid lane line between the turn lane and the adjacent A 4-in. or 6-in.-wide solid lane line is used between the
through lane starts at the stop line and ends at the beginning turn lane and the adjacent through lane. The length of this
of the full-width turn lane. lane line should be two-thirds of the length of the full-width
turn lane.
If the length of the turn lane is less than 100 ft, only one
turn arrow is used with the top placed 20 ft from the stop line, The top of the turn arrow nearest to the stop line is at least
and an optional ONLY word marking may be provided with 20 ft from the stop line. The spacing between additional turn
the top of the letters 35 ft upstream from the top of the turn arrows and ONLY word markings should be four times the
arrow. If the length of the full-width turn lane is 100 to 149 ft, letter or symbol height for speeds of 35 mph or less, and should
a second turn arrow is provided with the top of the turn arrow be ten times the letter or symbol height for speeds of more
35 ft upstream from the top of the letters of the ONLY word than 35 mph.
marking. If the length of the full-width turn lane is 150 to
200 ft, the top of the turn arrow that is nearest the stop line is The 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow
placed 30 ft from the stop line, an optional ONLY word mark- shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is not used. An
ing may be provided with the top of the letters 55 ft upstream elongated 12-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn
from the top of the turn arrow, and a second turn arrow is pro- arrow shown on Page 10-11 of the Standard Highway Signs
vided with the top of the turn arrow 35 ft upstream from the Book is the only style of turn arrow that is available for use.
top of the letters of the ONLY word marking. No informa-
tion is given for turn lanes that are longer than 200 ft.
RHODE ISLAND
An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used. ONLY word markings should only be used where through
lanes become mandatory turn lanes.
OREGON
SOUTH CAROLINA
The tip of the arrowhead for the required turn arrow in a turn
lane is 10 ft downstream from the beginning of the full-width Turn arrows and ONLY word markings are typically not used
turn lane. A second turn arrow may be used and is placed in turn bays and will be placed only at locations specifically
such that the tip of the arrowhead is 10 ft from the stop line. shown on construction plans.
If an optional ONLY word marking is used, then the second
turn arrow 10 ft from the stop line is required. The top of the Two turn arrows each accompanied by an ONLY word
letters of the ONLY word marking are placed 30 ft upstream marking are used when a through lane becomes a mandatory
from the bottom of the turn arrow nearest the stop line. turn lane.
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84
A broken lane line (10-ft segments with 30-ft gaps) is used are required where a movement that would otherwise be legal
between the turn lane and the adjacent through lane. is to be prohibited.
The center of the turn arrow nearest to the stop line is 20 ft
SOUTH DAKOTA
from the stop line. The center of the letters of an ONLY word
marking is placed 30 ft upstream from the center of the turn
The top of the turn arrow nearest to the stop line is 17 ft from
arrow nearest the stop line. The center of the next turn arrow
the stop line. A second turn arrow is placed such that the bot-
tom of the arrow is lined up with the beginning of the full- is placed 30 ft upstream from the center of the letters of the
width turn lane. If additional turn arrows are needed, they are ONLY word marking.
equally spaced between the two required turn arrows.
An 8-in.-wide solid lane line that is at least 100 ft long is
The 4-in.-wide solid lane line between the turn lane and used between the turn lane and the adjacent through lane.
the adjacent through lane starts at the stop line and ends at
the beginning of the full-width turn lane. VERMONT
TENNESSEE
The 4-in.-wide solid lane line between the turn lane and the
adjacent through lane starts at the stop line and ends at the
Turn arrows are typically used in mandatory turn lanes. In beginning of the full-width turn lane.
situations where through lanes become mandatory turn lanes,
an ONLY word marking is required for each turn arrow. If the length of the turn lane is less than 100 ft, only one turn
arrow and ONLY word marking is provided with the bottom
If the length of the turn lane is less than 150 ft, only one of the letters of the ONLY word marking lined up with the
turn arrow is used with the top placed 50 ft from the stop line. beginning of the full-width turn lane and the turn arrow placed
If the length of the full-width turn lane is 150 to 200 ft, a sec- such that the bottom of the arrow is 4 ft downstream from the
ond turn arrow is provided with the bottom of the turn arrow top of the letters of the ONLY word marking. If the length of
25 ft downstream from the beginning of the full-width turn the full-width turn lane is 100 to 200 ft, a second turn arrow
lane. If the length of the full-width turn lane is more than and ONLY word marking is provided with the top of the turn
200 ft, additional turn arrows may be equally spaced between arrow placed 4 ft from the stop line and the ONLY word
the two required turn arrows. marking placed such that the top of the letters of the ONLY
word marking is 4 ft upstream from the bottom of the arrow.
The 4-in.-wide solid lane line between the turn lane and If the length of the full-width turn lane is more than 200 ft,
the adjacent through lane starts at the stop line and ends at additional sets of turn arrows and ONLY word markings are
the beginning of the full-width turn lane. provided.
At unsignalized, non-stopping approaches, the solid lane
TEXAS
line between the turn lane and the adjacent through lane is
Two sets of turn arrows and ONLY word markings are used extended and curved into the intersection until the first con-
in turn lanes that are 180 ft or more in length. The top of the flict point is reached.
turn arrow nearest to the stop line is typically 32 ft from the
stop line. The top of the letters of the ONLY word marking An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow
are placed 32 ft upstream from the bottom of the turn arrow shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used.
nearest the stop line. A second turn arrow and a second ONLY
word marking are placed 32 ft apart at an unspecified dis-
VIRGINIA
tance upstream in the turn lane.
The solid lane line between the turn lane and the adjacent
An 8-in.-wide solid lane line is used between the turn lane through lane starts at the stop line and ends at the beginning
and the adjacent through lane. of the full-width turn lane.
An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow If the length of the turn lane is 300 ft or less, two turn
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used. arrows are provided with the bottom of the turn arrow near-
est to the stop line located 50 ft from the stop line and the bot-
UTAH tom of the other turn arrow lined up with the end of the full-
width turn lane. If the length of the full-width turn lane is
Turn arrows and ONLY word markings are optional for turn more than 300 ft, a third turn arrow is placed at the midpoint
lanes, except both the turn arrows and ONLY word markings of the full-width turn lane.
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85
WASHINGTON If the length of the turn lane is more than 167 ft, two sets of
turn arrows and ONLY word markings are provided (with the
The solid lane line between the turn lane and the adjacent bottoms of the turn arrows located 32 ft upstream from the top
through lane starts at the stop line and ends 50 ft downstream of the letters of the ONLY word marking) with the bottom of
from the beginning of the full-width turn lane. the letters of an ONLY word marking placed 20 ft down-
stream from the beginning of the full-width turn lane and the
The turn arrow nearest to the stop line is 50 ft from the turn arrow nearest to the stop line typically placed such that
stop line. A second turn arrow is placed 100 ft upstream or the top of the arrow is 20 ft from the stop line.
such that the center of the turn arrow is lined up with the
beginning of the solid lane line. An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used.
The 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is not used. An
elongated 12-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn WYOMING
arrow shown on Page 10-11 of the Standard Highway Signs
Book is the only style of turn arrow that is available for use. For right-turn lanes, the 8-in.-wide solid lane line between
the turn lane and the adjacent through lane starts at the stop
line and ends at the midpoint of the full-width turn lane. An
WEST VIRGINIA optional 4-in.-wide dotted line (2-ft segments with 6-ft gaps)
may be placed from the upstream end of the taper to the end
A 6-in. to 8-in.-wide solid lane line with a maximum length of the solid lane line.
of 200 ft is used between the turn lane and the adjacent
through lane. A broken lane line is used between the turn lane For left-turn lanes, the 8-in.-wide solid lane line between
and the adjacent through lane for the remainder of a full- the turn lane and the adjacent through lane starts at the stop
width turn lane that is longer than 200 ft. line and ends at the beginning of the full-width turn lane.
The bottom of the turn arrow nearest to the stop line is Turn arrows are optional in mandatory turn lanes, except
50 ft from the stop line. Additional turn arrows are placed in in situations where through lanes become mandatory turn
the turn lane at a spacing of 72 ft (measured from the bottom lanes, and two turn arrows and an ONLY word marking are
of the turn arrow to the top of the next upstream turn arrow) required.
for speeds of 40 mph or less and 168 ft for speeds higher than
40 mph. If ONLY word markings are used, they are placed The top of the turn arrow nearest to the stop line is placed
halfway between the turn arrows. Where a movement that 20 ft from the stop line. An ONLY word marking is placed
would otherwise be legal is to be prohibited, ONLY word such that the top of the letters of the ONLY word marking
markings are required. are 32 ft from the bottom of the turn arrow. If additional turn
arrows and ONLY word markings are used, they are placed
An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow such that the top of the turn arrow or ONLY word marking
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used. is 32 ft from the bottom of the upstream turn arrow or ONLY
word marking.
WISCONSIN An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used.
The 8-in.-wide solid lane line between the turn lane and the
adjacent through lane starts at the stop line and ends at the
beginning of the full-width turn lane. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
If the length of the turn lane is less than 108 ft, only one An 8-in.-wide broken line is used between the turn lane and
turn arrow and ONLY word marking is provided with the bot- the adjacent through lane.
tom of the letters of the ONLY word marking typically 20 ft
downstream from the beginning of the full-width turn lane Turn arrow or ONLY word markings are spaced 32 ft
and the turn arrow typically placed such that the top of the apart, unless otherwise noted in plans.
turn arrow is 20 ft from the stop line. If the length of the turn
lane is 108 to 167 ft, two turn arrows and an ONLY word Markings in turn lanes start with a turn arrow, followed
marking are provided with the top of the turn arrow nearest to by an ONLY word marking, and ending with an arrow near
the stop line typically placed 20 ft from the stop line, another the stop line, all of which fits within the 90-ft distance of the
turn arrow is placed such that the bottom of the arrow is lined solid lane line between the through lanes. In longer turn lanes,
up with the beginning of the full-width turn lane, and the the markings start with a turn arrow, followed by an ONLY
ONLY word marking placed halfway between the turn arrows. word marking, followed by another turn arrow, followed by
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86
another ONLY word marking, and ending with an arrow near If the speed limit is 40 mph or more, the same markings as
the stop line. for a 35 mph speed limit are used in the dropped lane, except
that an additional turn arrow is placed upstream from the other
six markings such that the top of the additional turn arrow is
PUERTO RICO 150 ft from the bottom of the next downstream turn arrow.
The solid lane line between the turn lane and the adjacent
An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow
through lane starts at the stop line and ends at the beginning
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used.
of the full-width turn lane.
Two sets of turn arrows and SOLO messages are provided LOS ANGELES, CA
in the turn lane. The top of the turn arrow nearest to the stop
line is placed an unspecified distance from the stop line. A The solid lane line between the turn lane and the adjacent
SOLO message is placed such that the top of the letters of the through lane starts at the stop line and ends at the beginning
SOLO message are 33 ft upstream from the bottom of the of the full-width turn lane.
turn arrow. A second turn arrow and a second SOLO mes-
sage are also used. The second set is placed such that the bot- Typically, only one turn arrow is used and it is installed
tom of the SOLO message is lined up with the beginning of such that the bottom of the turn arrow is lined up with the
the full-width turn lane. The bottom of the second turn arrow beginning of the full-width turn lane. If the turn lane is longer
is placed 33 ft downstream from the top of the letters of the than 250 ft, a second turn arrow is placed at the midpoint of
second SOLO message. the full-width turn lane. A turn arrow is only placed near the
stop line if required by Caltrans on freeway ramps and other
An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow state highway intersections.
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used.
NEW YORK, NY
CHARLOTTE, NC
An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow shown
Turn arrows are required in mandatory turn lanes, but ONLY in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used. Elongated lane-
word markings are not used except in situations where through use arrows are also available for use.
lanes become mandatory turn lanes.
TUCSON/PIMA COUNTY, AZ
The number of turn arrows depends on the length of the
turn lane. The top of the turn arrow nearest to the stop line is
The solid lane line between the turn lane and the adjacent
placed 25 ft from the stop line. The next two turn arrows are
through lane starts at the stop line and ends at the beginning
placed such that the top of the turn arrow is 50 ft from the
of the full-width turn lane.
bottom of the next downstream turn arrow. The next three
turn arrows are placed such that the top of the turn arrow is
At least two turn arrows are placed in turn lanes. The top
100 ft from the bottom of the next downstream turn arrow. If
of the turn arrow nearest to the stop line is typically placed
any additional turn arrows are needed, they are placed such
20 ft from the stop line. The bottom of the other turn arrow
that the top of the turn arrow is 150 ft from the bottom of the
is lined up with the beginning of the full-width turn lane. If
next downstream turn arrow.
the turn lane is 108 to 200 ft in length, an ONLY word mark-
ing is placed halfway between the two turn arrows. If the turn
Turn arrows and ONLY word markings are used in situa-
lane is more than 200 ft in length, an ONLY word marking
tions where through lanes become mandatory turn lanes.
and a third turn arrow are placed at one-third points between
the two turn arrows, with the ONLY word marking placed
If the speed limit is 35 mph, a sequence of four turn
closer to the stop line than the third turn arrow.
arrows and two ONLY word markings is used in the down-
stream direction in the dropped lane as follows: a turn arrow,
Lane-reduction arrows and warning signs are used to
an ONLY word marking, two turn arrows, another ONLY
move through traffic out of a dropped lane before the turn
word marking, and a turn arrow. The top of the turn arrow
lane markings are started.
nearest to the stop line is placed 25 ft from the stop line. The
next two markings are placed such that the top of the turn
An 8-ft-long turn arrow that is similar to the turn arrow
arrow or ONLY word marking is 50 ft from the bottom of
shown in Figure 3B-21 of the 2003 MUTCD is used.
the next downstream marking. The next three markings are
placed such that the top of the turn arrow or ONLY word
No standards were found for:
marking is 100 ft from the bottom of the next downstream
marking. New Jersey New Mexico
