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5
The flow time, Ft, is therefore defined as the time when
shear deformation, under constant volume, starts. The flow
time is also viewed as the minimum point in the relationship
of rate of change of compliance versus loading time. Figures
6 and 7 show typical static creep test plots. Figure 6 shows
the total axial strain versus loading time on a log-log scale.
The estimation of compliance parameters a and m are
obtained from the regression analysis of the linear portion of
the curve. Figure 7 shows a plot of the rate of change in com-
pliance versus loading time in log-log scale along with the
calculated value of the flow time.
Figure 4. Permanent deformation parameters and
and the flow number.
2.3 FLOW TIME (Ft)
Figure 5 shows a typical relationship between the calcu-
lated total compliance and time measured in a static creep
test. This figure shows that the total compliance can be
divided into three major zones: (1) primary, (2) secondary,
and (3) tertiary. In the primary zone, the strain rate decreases;
Figure 6. Total axial strain vs. time from an actual static
in the secondary zone, the creep rate is constant; and in the
creep / flow time test.
tertiary zone, the creep rate increases.
D(t)
Secondary
Tertiary
Flow Time Defines When
Shear Deformation Begins
Primary
time
Figure 5. Typical test results between the calculated total Figure 7. Typical plot of the rate of change in compliance
compliance and time. vs. loading time.
