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NCHRP Report 525 Volume 12: Making Transportation Tunnels Safe and Secure (2007)
National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP)

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Transportation Research Board. "Additional Sources." NCHRP Report 525 Volume 12: Making Transportation Tunnels Safe and Secure. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2007.

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Page
166
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Page
166
Front Matter (R1-R15)
Chapter 1 - Introduction (1-1)
1.4 Assumptions (2-3)
2.1 Major Hazards and Threats (4-5)
2.2 Damage Potential (6-6)
2.3.1 Hazard Scenarios in Relation to Assets (7-10)
2.3.2 Threat Scenarios in Relation to Assets (11-14)
2.4 Conclusions (15-15)
3.2.1 Moscow Subway Suicide Bombing (16-17)
3.2.2 Jungangno (Chungang-Ro) Subway Station Arson Fire (18-20)
3.2.3 St. Gotthard Tunnel Fire (21-21)
3.2.4 Howard Street CSX Tunnel Fire (22-25)
3.2.5 Kitzsteinhorn Tunnel Cable Car Fire (26-27)
3.2.6 Mont Blanc Tunnel Fire (28-31)
3.2.7 Channel Tunnel Fire (32-33)
3.2.8 Subway Sarin Gas Attack (34-36)
3.2.9 Chicago Freight Tunnel Flood (37-38)
3.2.10 London Underground (the Tube) King's Cross Station Fire (39-41)
3.2.11 Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) Transbay Tunnel Fire (42-43)
3.2.12 Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) Evacuation under the World Trade Center (44-45)
3.4.2 Lessons Observed (46-49)
3.4.3 Role of MEC Systems in Case Study Incidents (50-50)
4.2 Types of Transportation Tunnels (51-51)
4.3.1 Immersed Tube Tunnels (52-54)
4.3.3 Bored or Mined Tunnels (55-58)
4.4.2 Modes of Tunnel Failure (59-64)
4.4.3 Effects of Other Extreme Events (65-67)
4.4.4 Critical Factors in Vulnerability Assessment of Transportation Tunnels (68-68)
4.4.5 Damage Potential Rating of Tunnels (69-69)
4.5.1 Key Safety Functions (70-71)
4.5.2 Categorization of Systems (72-78)
4.6 Chapter Summary (79-99)
5.2.2 System Hazard and Threat Directories (100-116)
5.3.2 Information Contained in Countermeasure Guides (117-120)
5.4 Countermeasure Descriptions (121-121)
5.4.1 Recommended Minimum Measures (122-131)
5.4.2 Recommended Measures for an Elevated Threat Level (132-135)
5.4.3 Recommended Permanent Enhancements (136-148)
5.5 Conclusion (149-151)
6.2.1 People (152-152)
6.2.3 Engineering and Technological Systems and Controls (153-153)
6.3 Security System Integration (154-155)
6.5 Conclusions (156-156)
7.2 Report Tables on a CD (157-158)
7.10 Owner Orientation Workshops (159-159)
7.14.1 Tunnel Structural Elements (160-160)
7.17 Interactive Electronic Version of this Report (161-161)
7.24 Structural Blast Damage Potential Analyses (162-162)
7.26 Issues Identified by Case Studies (163-163)
References Cited in the Report (164-165)
Additional Sources (166-166)
List of Abbreviations (167-168)
Abbreviations used without definitions in TRB publications (169-169)

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OCR for page 166
166 Additional Sources 1. Department of the Army, "Structures to Resist the Effects of Acci- istration, John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, dental Explosions", U.S. Army Technical Manual TM 5-1300, 1990. Cambridge, Massachusetts, November 2004. 2. D.R. Culverwell,"Comparative Merits of Steel and Concrete Forms 6. Tunnel Engineering Handbook, 2nd Edition, edited by of Tunnel", Proceedings of the Immersed Tunnel Techniques Sym- Thomas R. Kuesel and Elwyn H. King, International Thomson posium, 1989, Manchester, UK. Publishing. 3. G.W. McMahon "Vulnerability of Transportation Tunnels to 7. "Underground Transportation Systems in Europe: Safety, Opera- Terrorist Attacks," Bridge and Tunnel Vulnerability Workshop, tions and Emergency Response," sponsored by the U.S. Department sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration. of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration in 4. S. Choi, J. Wang and G. Munfakh, "Tunnel Stability Under Explo- cooperation with American Association of State Highway and sion ­ Proposed Blast Wave Parameters for a Practical Design Transportation Officials and the National Cooperative Highway Approach", First International Conference on Design and Analysis Research Program, May 2006. of Protective Structures Against Impact/Impulsive/Shock Loads, 8. Transit Cooperative Research Program, TCRP Web Document 15: December 15­18, 2003, Tokyo, Japan. Guidelines for the Effective Use of Uniformed Transit Police and Secu- 5. "Transit Security Design Considerations," prepared for the Federal rity Personnel, Transportation Research Board, National Research Transit Administration by Research and Special Programs Admin- Council, 1996.