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OCR for page 115
TABLE A1: Median Time to the Doctorate
ITD
Field of Doctorate ~ C
Chemistry 5.27 6.08
Physics/Astronomy 6.34 7.07
Ear~/Aunosphenc/Marine Sciences 7.24 8.80
Mad/Computer Sciences 6.03 7.89
Engineering 7.09 7~83
Agncultural Sciences 7.52 8.48
Biosciences 6.69 7.98
Heals Sciences 9.64 12.10
Psychology 6.84 9.71
Economics 7.72 8.07
Social Sciences 8.61 11.50
RID
Chemistry 4.70 5.39
Physics/Astronomy 5.58 6.30
Earth1Atmospheric/Marine Sciences 5.44 6.94
Math/Computer Sciences 5.11 6.29
Engineering 5.28 5.98
Agricultural Sciences 5.14 6.14
Biosciences 5.47 6.42
Health Sciences 5.60 7.06
Psychology 5.32 7.02
Economics 4.74 6.41
Social Sciences 5.32 8.27
115
OCR for page 116
TABLE A2.1: Mean Total Time to the Doctorate (DID), 1967 and 1986
1 967
1 986
Standard Standard
Field of Doctorate llV Deviation llV Deviation
Total 11 Fields 8.19 4.69 9.84 5.06
Chemistry 6.36
Physics/Astronomy 7.10
Earth/Atmospheric/Marine Sciences 8.73
Math/Computer Sciences 7.15
Engineering 8.39
Agricultural Sciences 8.75
Biosciences 8.34
Health Sciences 10.50
Psychology 8.57
Economics 9.20
Social Sciences 10.59
3.50
3.03
4.22
3.86
4.49
4.31
4.76
5.67
5.20
5.04
6.29
7.20
8.06
9.98
9.27
9.27
9.49
8.99
13.31
10.90
9.54
12.94
3.78
3.65
4.57
4.87
4.88
4.17
4.06
5.92
5.29
5.03
6.05
TABLE A2.2: Mean Time Prior to Graduate Entrance (TPGE), 1967 and
1986
1967
1986
Standard Standard
Field of Doctorate TPGE Deviation TPGE Deviation
Total 11 Fields 0.85 2.24 0.18 2.44
Chemistry 0.51
Physics/Astronomy 0.34
Earth/Atmospheric/Marine Sciences 0.98
Math/Computer Sciences 0.44
Engineering 0.96
Agricultural Sciences 1.42
Biosciences 0.89
Health Sciences 1.04
Psychology 0.92
Economics 1.03
Social Sciences 1.42
1.70
1.09
2.21
1.37
2.06
2.58
2.22
2.32
2.55
2.33
3.67
0.67
0.50
0.97
0.90
1.03
1.19
1.11
2.08
1.50
1.08
1.54
1.98
1.44
2.09
2.01
2.15
2.03
2.22
3.24
2.79
2.39
3.11
116
OCR for page 117
TABLE A2.3: Mean Registered Time to the Doctorate (RTD), 1967 and
1986
1967
1 986
Standard ~Standard
Field of Doctorate RTD Deviation RTD Deviation
Total 11 Fields 5.63 2.03 7.02 2.52
Chemistry 5.01 1.64 5.83 1.86
Physics/Astronomy .5.90 1.76 6.69 2.09
Eard~/Atmospheric/Marine Sciences 5.72 1.79 7.34 2.30
Ma~1Computer Sciences 5.39 1.75 6.97 2.73
Engineering 5.68 2.06 6.48 2.44
Agricultural Sciences 5.38 1.75 6.57 2.22
Biosciences 5.83 2.03 6.77 2.03
Health Sciences 6.46 2.84 7.34 2.49
Psychology 5.86 2.29 7.48 2.61
Economics 5.11 2.01 7.01 2.76
Social Sciences 5.88 2.44 8.78 3.09
TABLE A2.4: Mean Time Not Enrolled in University TUNEUP, 1967 and
1986
1967
1986
Standard Standard
Field of Doctorate TNEU Deviation TNEU Deviation
~. .
Total 11 Fields 1.67 3.08 1.59 3.12
Chemistry 0.80 1.91 0.68 1.85
Physics/Astronomy 0.87 1.93 0.77 2.10
Earth/Atmospheric/Marine Sciences 1.98 2.91 1.59 2.82
Math/Computer Sciences 1.17 2.52 1.40 2.86
Engineering 1.74 2.99 1.71 3.15
Agricultural Sciences 1.96 3.22 1.69 2.73
Biosciences 1.58 3.03 1.07 2.41
Health Sciences 2.99 4.38 3.92 4.52
Psychology 1.80 3.23 1.88 3.36
Economics 2.95 3.80 1.45 3.01
Social Sciences 3.22 4.41 2.51 4.22
117
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OCR for page 164
TABLE A6.2: Unique Variables Model, Mean RID
. .
Variable ChemistryP&AEAM Math Engrg. Agri. Sci.
MARRED -0.026-0.037
(27.21)(94.81)
WOMEN 0.049
TEMP
AGE 1.516
(12.26)
SAMEFLD
SUPPED
SUPRA
SUPPRIV
0.034
(6.21)
(7.22)
-0.033
(101.94)
SUPrA 0.024 0.048
(5.59) (5.68)
FORBACC0.033 0.063 0.023
(17.77) (11.15) (7.86)
BCARN1ST -0.082
(17.01)
PCARN1ST -0.049
(11.47)
BTOP20 0.090
(6.64)
SDRSAL10 -0.0002
SALRAT1-0.563
(15.42)
SALRATIO
SEEK
-0.867
(5.54)
(24.63)
DEFIN -0.013 -0.016
(5.73) (4.69)
CONSTANT 27.249 10.287 10.-6526.52 9.537 8.238
R2 0.91 0.91 0.890.97 0.93 0.82
F 67.36 63.47 40.82183.78 84.03 30.36
SE 0.07 0.10 0.180.10 0.09 0.16
DW 1.97 2.42 2.121.94 2.33 1.11
NOTES: (1) On critical F values: For 2-variable model, partial F is F(1, 17, .05)
16, .05) = 4.49; overall F is F(3, 16, .05) = 3.24. For 4-variable model, partial F
defined in Appendix B. pp. 175-177.
164
OCR for page 165
Variable Bio.Sci. Health Psych. Economics Soc.Sci.
MARRED
WOMEN
TEMP
AGE
SAMEFLD
SUPFED
SUPRA 0.025
(13.97)
SUPPRIV
SUPI'A
FORBACC
BARN1ST
PCARN1ST
BTOP20
0.0540.2620.0570.172
(13.78)(9.15)(54.69)(90.86)
-0.025-0.027
(32.58)(20.61)
-0.070
(76.86)
0.066
(11.65)
-0.084
(139.26)
SDRSAL10-0.0001 -0.0002 -0.0001
(11.33) (10.87) (37.38)
SALRAU
SALRATIO -0.756
(8.53)
SEEK0.023
(10.43
DEFIN
CONSTANT6.422 8.5339.9384.9678.134
R2o.g5 0.850.960.950.99
F112.41 36.08146.70134.25951.06
SE0.09 0.190.130.140.08
DW1.38 2.271.881.742.24
= 4.45; overall F is F(29 17, .05) = 3.59. For 3-variable model, partial F is F(19
is F(1, 15, .05) = 4.54; overall F is F(4, 15, .05) = 3.06. (2) Acronyms are
165
OCR for page 166
TABLE A7: Linear Common Variables Model, Mean TPGE
Variable Chemistry P&A EAM _ Math
Engrg. Agn. Sci.
WOMEN0.005 0.010 0.001-0.0290.012 -0.006
(0.47) (0.10) (0.03)(2.63)(0.63) (0.17)
AGE1.432 0.307 0.2561.8840.522 0.243
(10.99) (1.29) (0.87)(15.18)(10.95) (1.50)
SUPPED-0.004 0.006 0.005-0.0030.004 0.006
(1~23) (0.39) (0.37)(0.56)(0.36) (1.27)
SUPTA0.016 -0.015 -0.009-0.0120.003 -0.008
(4.98) (0.34) (0.69)(1.52)(0.10) (0.19)
SI3PRA0.015 0.005 0.000-0.012-0.009 0.029
(7.72) (0.22) (0.17)(3.64)(1~04) (o.8g)
FORBACC-0.013 -0.002 0.0360.0400.005 0.001
(2.40) (0.14) (2.76)(7.09)(0.50) (0.00)
BCARN1ST0.002 -0.002 -0.0010.0160.010 -0.006
(0.09) (1.09) (0.01)(4.09)(3.13) (0.27)
PCARN1ST-0.001 -0.000 0.0170.0060.004 0.002
(0.25) (0.14) (0.74)(0.lS)(0.16) (0.02)
FACULTY0.000 0.000 -0.0000.000-0.000 -0.000
(0.11) (1.12) (0.03)(5.56)(0.05) (1~93)
SALRAT10.424 -0.414 0.2721.081-().1U7 t).;51
(2.80) (0.85) (0.32)(6.63)(0.22) (0.84)
UNEMP4YR0.015 u.048 u.ua /-U.~:~1-U.~ ^0 ~.
(0.44) (0.12) (1.41)(17.46)(2.59) (0.11)
ro~-0.009 -u.uuz -us. ~-.-. -rev 1
(0.09) (2~91) (0.31)(B.17)(4.36) (0.52)
VAN 1 ^~ 1-32.29 -a .~w -u.~u-~ ~.O ~- 1 a. ~ v - - .~,
R20.76 0.89 0.050.940.84 0.52
F5.93 14.02 1.0926.309.04 2.73
SE0.05 0.02 0.160.070.05 0.14
DW2.63 2.66 2.542.282.?9 1.92
NOTES: (1) On critical F values:
pp. 175-177
For partial F test, F(1, 7, .05) = 5.59; for
166
OCR for page 167
Variable Bio.Sci.
Health Psych. Economics Soc.S cf.
WOMEN0.0110.020 0.0090.0340.012
(3.82)(2.81) (0.31)(1.63)(1.57)
AGE0.5020.524 0.4600.5890.937
(12.61)(10.08) (4.B8)(3.02)(24.99)
SUPPEL)0.0020.016 0.0050.0100.010
(0.29)(2.27) (0.92)(0.94)(1.87)
SUPIA-0.007-0.014 0.004-0.014-0.031
(0.37)(0.56) (0.24)(0.98)(7.16)
SUPRA-0.004-0.036 -0.0090.0020.001
(0.21)(2.54) (2.24)(0.03)(0.02)
FORBACC0.014-0.003 -0.004-0.0090.013
(0.40)(0.02) (0.00)(0.16)(0.39)
BCARN1ST0.0120.014 0.0060.001-0.017
(1.34)(0.49) (0~18)(0.00)(2.50)
PCARN1ST0.0030.001 -0.0080.047-0.017
(0.12)(0.00) (0.60)(3.21)(2.08)
FACULTY-0.0000.000 -0.0000.000-0~000
(1.59)(0.85) (0.90)(0.34)(2.17)
SALRAT10.1210.521 0.0540.1510.379
(0.31)(1.03) (0.09)(0.07)(2.86)
UNEMP4YR-0.0060.002 0.008-0.0520.043
(0.10)(0.00) (0.07)(0.42)(1.68)
PERPOP-0.004-0.040 -0.006-0.0030.003
(3.59)(1.56) (0.72)(0.01)(0.34)
CONSTANT-10.50-13.03 -8.65-16.51-17.58
R20.930.84 0.970.510.94
F21.769.01 57.182.6424.24
SE0.050.19 0.060.180.07
DW2.463 17 2.131.982.83
-
overall F test, F(12, 7, .05) = 3.57. (2) Acronyms are defined in Appendix B,
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TABLE A7.1: Log Common Variables Model, Mean TPGE
Variable Chemistry P&A
EAM Math Engrg. Agri. Sci.
WOMEN0.1260.148-0.042-0.041-0.055-0.126
(0.38)(1.48)(0.04)(0.03)(1.11)(1.36)
AGE60.39919.3418.32328.37615.0484.413
(15.09)(8.47)(0.97)(3.60)(17.55)(1.08)
SllPEL;L)-0.0380.3210.0290.125-0.0190.027
(0.04)(4.74)(0.01)(0.33)(0.05)(0.06)
SUPTA2.249-2.704-0.5390.7740.608-0.407
(5.19)(6.46)(0.64)(0.50)(4.72)(1.26)
SUPRA-1.6131.7020.012-0.616-0.8322.594
(5.73)(3.29)(0.00)(1.68)(3.61)(1.57)
FORBACC-0.139-0.0390.2380.6760.0060.180
(2.37)(0.29)(2.54)(13.87)(0.00)(2.81)
BCARN1ST0.135-0.910-0.0430.6320.296-0.501
(0.21)(2.49)(0.00)(0.68)(1.05)(0.75)
PCARN1ST0.136-0.7201.190-0.478-0.290-0.135
(0.02)(0.62)(0.423(0.06)(0.18)(0.02)
FACULTY-0.2040.5760.264-0.2020.089-0.661
(0.20)(2.00)(0.03)(0.08)(0.06)(0.52)
SALRAT11.017-1.2420.1662.570-0.4640.246
(1.97)(6.32)(0.04)(3.92)(1.92)(0.39)
UNEMP4YR0.0460.2420.205-0.536-0.023-0.126
(0.31)(8.77)(1.78)(10.92)(0.42)(1.36)
PERPOP-0.1410.019-0.022-1.087-0.205-0.401
(0.86)(0.01)(0.00)(5~19)(4.38)(3.14)
CONSTANT - 189.57 -58.59 -32.99 -86.93 -45.95 - 11.92
R2 0.75 0.80 0.00 0.92 0.83 0.55
F 5.86 7.27 0.91 19.00 8.55 2.92
SE 0.09 0.08 0.20 0.13 0.05 0.12
DW 2.88 2.26 2.79 2.72 2.50 1.97
NOTES: (1) On critical F values: For partial F test, F(1, 7, .05) = 5.59; for
pp. 175-177
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VariableBio.Sci.HealthPsych.EconomicsSoc.Sci.
WORSEN0.4540.4690.7270.0760.218
(10.55)(4.11)(2.58)(0.04)(0.51)
AGE10.7008.91011.00110.97919.050
(11.12)(32.14)(9.16)(1.10)(16.51)
SIMPER0.0710.5370.371-0.0110.084
(0.10)(4.13)(3.09)(0.00)(0.06)
SUPIA-0.357-0.249-0.092-0.726-1.252
(0.45)(0.60)(0.08)(0.52)(4.06)
SUPRA-0.293-0.519-0.1110.331-0.040
(0.82)(3.74)(0.20)(0.30)(0.02)
FORBACC0.102-0.0570.1420.0710.113
(1.14)(0.25)(2.10)(0.08)(1.29)
BCARN1ST0.3400.2310.6940.056-0.325
(0.68)(0.41)(2.85)(0.00)(0.67)
PCARN1ST0.481-0.195-0.5582.359-0.960
(0.64)(0.10)(1.61)(1.82)(1.60)
FACULTY-0.784-0.165-1.2341.075-0.152
(4.05)(0.05)(3.46)(0.50)(0.06)
SALRAT10.2770.5520.0260.7320.502
(0.42)(1.27)(0~01)(0.57)(1.89)
UNEMP4YR-0.081-0.0490.165-0.0910.057
(2.25)(0.17)(5.78)(0.28)(0.54)
PERPOP-0.371-0.3480.1950.1480.269
(5.50)(5.34)(0.39)(0.10)(1.61)
CONSTANT-24.70-26.37-22.70-57.66-49.44
R20.940.880.980.470.90
F26.4912.3472.372.3915.15
SE0.050.100.050.200.08
DW2.563.121.802.142.71
overall F test, F(12, 7, .05) = 3.57. (2)
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Acronyms are defined in Appendix B.
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TABLE As: Linear Common Variables Model, Mean INEU
Variable
Chemistry P&A EAMMath Engrg. Agn. Sci.
WOMEN 0.007 -0.023 0.037-0.008 0.050 0.011
(0.20) (0.40) (1~54)(0.02) (0.97) (0.10)
AGE 0.106 0.139 -0.2602.458 -0.209 0.682
(0.02) (0.08) (0.35)(2.70) (0.16) (2.03)
SUPPED) 0.008 0.007 0.012-0.003 0.012 -0.001
(1.95) (0.98) (0.88)(0.06) (0.36) (0.08)
SULFA 0.006 0.000 0.002-0.010 -0.002 -0.019
(0.23) (0.00) (0.01)(0.10) (0.00) (0.18)
SUPRA 0.009 -0.000 -0.036-0.018 -0.004 0.055
(0.86) (0.00) (5.44)(0.87) (0.02) (0.54)
FORBACC -0.007 -0.009 -0.038-0.017 ().025' ().l)4u
(0.22) (0.20) (1.17)(0.14) (1.54) (1.10)
BCARN1ST -0.016 -0.006 -0.0240.018 0.006 -0.007
(2.80) (0.11) (LOB)(0.57) (0.10) (0.06)
PCARN1ST -0.012 -0.()()2 -().U54-. -~.uun u.u4a
(0.64) (0.01) (2.98)(0.00) (0.04) (1.91)
PA~UL1 Y -0.000 -~.UUU -U.~Uou.uu ~-~.~uv -u.vu
(3.46) (1.34) (2.02)(0.54) (3.21) (0 70)
0.220 -u. ~o -1.~w~ .u - ~ -a. ~ ~ ~I.
(0.22) (0.13) (2.01)(1.60) (0.05) (0.10)
UNEMP4YR 0.000 0.085 0.04S-0.090 -0.017 -0.005
(0.00) (1.74) (0.14)(0.35) (0.09) (0.00)
rawer -0.006 -v.vvv -v.v~~-I. ~.~ . ~
(1.27) (0.53) (o.o5)(1.21) (3.65) (0.41)
_~ ~ v-~ ~ ~-1 . 0 5 . . ~
R2 0.65 0.46 0.720.22 0.19 0.49
F 3.95 2.37 5.111.45 1.36 2.51
SE 0.09 0.12 0.260.20 0.16 0.35
DW 2.48 2.21 2.232.25 2.79 1.78
,
NOTES: (1)
pp. 175-177
-
On critical F values: For partial F test, F(1, 7, .05) = 5.59; for
170
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l
Variable Bio.Sci. Health Psych. ~W ~
WOMEN0.002 0.020-0.009 -0.002 -0.019
(0.07) (0.45)(0.12) (0.01) (0.30)
AGE-0.189 0.8230.766 0.482 0.208
(1.09) (3.88)(5.23) (2.15) (0.10)
SUPPED0.021 -0.0200.002 0.001 -0.047
(17.46) (0.52)(0.08) (0.01) (3.43)
SUPIA-0.034 0.007-0.005 -0.017 0.045
(4.95) (0.02)(0.12) (1.48) (1.17)
SUPRA0.027 -0.072-0.002 0.017 -0.002
(5.84) (1.59)(0.02) (2.02) (0.00)
FORBACC0.078 -0.087-0.178 -0.037 -0.162
(8.21) (1.75)(2.73) (2.70) (4.75)
BCARN1ST-0.011 -0.062-0.070 0.028 0.001
(0.68) (1.55)(8.84) (1~69) (o.oo)
PCARN1ST0.028 0.025-0.040 -0.012 0.052
(6.21) (0.45)(6.53) (0.24) (1.57)
FACULTY-0.000 -0.0000.000 -0.000 -0.000
(1.08) (2.66)(0.67) (5.49) (0.70)
SALRAT10.173 0.2380.090 -0.208 -0.294
(0.38) (0.03)(0.10) (0.14) (0.14)
UNEMP4YR-0.008 0.002-0.111 0.076 0.134
(0.08) (0.00)(5.38) (0.94) (1.30)
PERPOP-0.014 -0.155-0.036 -0.001 0.030
(25.33) (3.75)(8.40) (0.00) (2.67)
CONSTANT-3.71 -9.53-14.31 -5.55 5.40
R20.96 0.620.92 0.94 0.80
F35.67 3.5718.47 25.23 7.49
SE0.06 0.470.10 0.17 0.26
DW2.83 2.623.17 2.68 2.54
overall F test, F(12, 7, .05) = 3.57. (2) Acronyms are defined in Appendix B.
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TABLE A8.1: Log Common Variables Model, Mean TNEU
Variable Chemistry P&A EAM Math Engrg. Agri. Sci.
WOMEN 0.284 0.004 -0.106 0.103 0.078 -0.154
(1.23) (0.00) (0.44) (0.07) (0.50) (0.75)
19.371
('0.99)
7.379
(0.46)
1.668
(0.06)
27.834
(1.52)
(0.05)
10.425
(2.77)
SUPPED0.655 0.578 0.0250.059 0.076-0.221
(6.66) (5.74) (0.01)(0.03) (0.18)(2.00)
SUPTA-0.436 -2.216 0.4880.502 0.159-0.350
(0.12) (1.63) (0.87)(0.09) (0.07)(0.43)
SUPRA1.808 1.687 -1.079-0.442 -0.1072.208
(4.58) (1.21) (3.91)(0.38) (0.01)(0.53)
FORBACC-0.042 0.081 -0.0090.004 0.2910.201
(0.14) (0.46) (0.01)(0.00) (1.44)(1.61)
BCARN1ST-0.636 -0.755 -0.5270.645 0.147-0.751
(2.98) (0.64) (0.98)(0.31) (0.06)(0.78)
PCARN1ST-0.984 -0.948 -2.490- 1.105 -0.4051.803
(0.70) (0.41) (3.09)(0.13) (0.08)(1.93)
FACULTY- 1.609 -0.744 -0.567-0.169 - 1.4430.284
(7.90) (1.24) (0.26)(0.02) (3.40)(0.04)
SALRAT1-0.098 -0.247 -1.1641.301 -0.0750.100
(0.01) (0.09) (3~15)(0.44) (0.01)(0.03)
UNEMP4YR0.020 0.237 -0.023-0.017 0.074-0.150
(0.04) (3.14) (0.04)(0.01) (0.95)(0.89)
PERPOP-0.092 -0.373 -0.303-0.238 -0.0620.117
(0.24) (1.79) (0.50)(0.11) (0.09)(0.12)
CONSTANT-41.61 -5.74 19.13-82.49 24.59-48.97
R20.75 0.67 0.710.00 0.090.59
F5.79 4.28 4.940.94 1.163.31
SE0.11 0.12 0.150.19 0.100.18
DW2.94 2.69 2.551.97 2.521.75
NOTES: (1) On critical F values: For partial F test, F(1, 7, .05) = 5.59; for
pp. 175-177
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VariableBio.Sci. Health ~F
WOMEN0.211 0.0920.713 0.159 -0.002
(2.36) (0.06) (0.83) (0.87) (0.00)
AGE 3.126 7.531 13.561 4.552 0.896
(0.97) (7.95) (4.69) (0.96) (0.02)
SUPPEL) 0.962 -0.404 0.556 0.052 -0.686
(18.25) (0.81) (2.34) (0.11) (2.59)
SULFA -0.778 0.034 -0.338 -0.420 0.493
(2.20) (0.00) (0.37) (0.89) (0.38)
SUPRA 0.671 -0.555 0.328 0.193 -0.002
(4.43) (1.48) (0.60) (0.52) (o.oo)
FORBACC 0.309 -0.280 -0.269 -0.185 -0.149
(10.67) (2.11) (2.55) (2.93) (1.35)
BCARN1ST -0.063 -1.028 -0.886 0.689 0.219
(0.02) (2.78) (1.56) (2.83) (0.18)
PCARN1ST 1.299 0.513 1.288 -0.346 0.895
(4.80) (0.24) (2.89) (0.20) (0.85)
FACULTY -0.625 -0.757 -0.515 - 1.225 -0.381
(2.64) (0.36) (0.20) (3.29) (0.24)
SALRAT1 0.045 0.165 -0.117 -0.105 -0.051
(0.01) (0.04) (0.09) (0.06) (0.01)
llNEMP4YR 0.044 0.028 -0.034 0.065 0.062
(0.68) (0.02) (0.08) (0.74) (0.39)
PERPOP -0.374 -0.485 -0.691 0.164 0.498
(5.72) (3.60) (1.70) (0.64) (3.34)
CONSTANT -9.93 -7.07 -39.01 1.64 -2.4()
R2 0.96 0.54 0.86 0.93 0.80
F 41.52 2.85 10.43 22.83 7.31
SE 0.05 0.17 0.08 0.09 0.10
DW 2.91 2.57 2.65 2.69 2.55
overall F test, F(12, 7, .05) = 3.57. (2) Acronyms are defined in Appendix B
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Representative terms from entire chapter:
common variables
