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NCHRP Synthesis 365: Preserving and Using Institutional Memory Through Knowledge Management Practices (2007)
National Cooperative Highway Research Program Synthesis Program (NCHRPSYN)

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Ward, Maryanne, Transportation Research Board. "Are Stored Knowledge Management Resources Readily Available for Use in Current Work and Decision Making?." NCHRP Synthesis 365: Preserving and Using Institutional Memory Through Knowledge Management Practices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2007.

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Page
33
Front Matter (R1-R10)
Summary (1-7)
Methodology and Organization of Report (8-8)
Definitions and Terminology (9-9)
Knowledge Management as Business Management Process (10-11)
Literature Survey Summary: Knowledge as an Asset (12-12)
Literature Survey Summary: Knowledge Management as Business Process (13-13)
Literature Survey Summary: Human Resource and Knowledge Management (14-14)
Literature Survey Summary: Success Factors Associated with Successful Knowledge Management Programs (15-15)
Literature Survey Summary: Specific Knowledge Management Practices (16-17)
Literature Survey Summary: Measuring Knowledge Management Effectiveness (18-18)
Synthesis of Practices Taken from Literature Survey on Leave-Taking (19-20)
Whom or Where Is Your State Transportation Institutional Memory Point of Contact? (21-22)
Who Exercises Strongest Leadership over Knowledge Management Practices? (23-23)
Are Authority, Leadership, and Day-to-Day Overall Responsibilities the Same for Both Physical and Electronic Resources? (24-25)
Does Your State Transportation Agency Have a Single Point of Contact by Which Individuals from Within or Without the Agency Can Obtain Published Information or Documents Such as Research Reports? (26-26)
Knowledge Managment Budgets (27-28)
Are Practices for Storing Knowledge Management Resources in Place? (29-30)
Where Are Captured Sources Stored? (31-31)
How Do Employees Identify and Find Knowledge Resources? (32-32)
Are Stored Knowledge Management Resources Readily Available for Use in Current Work and Decision Making? (33-33)
Is There an Established Practice for Destruction of Obsolete Knowledge Management Resources? (34-34)
Does Agency Have Knowledge Management Training and/or Mentoring Programs for Staff Transferred to New Jobs, New Hires, or those New to Leadership?What Initiatives Have Led to Successful Participation in Knowledge Management Practices? (35-36)
Virginia Department of Transportation (37-37)
Maryland State Highway Administration (38-38)
Texas Department of Transportation (39-39)
Interview with World Bank Knowledge Management Officer (40-40)
Knowledge Sharing at National Aeronautics and Space Administration (41-41)
Interview with National Aeronautics and Space Administration Knowledge Management Officer (42-43)
Chapter Eleven - Conclusions (44-47)
References (48-50)
Bibliography (51-51)
Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire (52-63)
Appendix B - Questionnaire Responders (64-65)
Appendix C - Detailed Results for Question 1 (66-67)
Appendix D - Detailed Results for Questions 2-4 (68-70)
Appendix E - Detailed Results for Question 5 (71-72)
Appendix F - Detailed Results for Questions 6-17 (73-82)
Appendix G - Detailed Results for Questions 20-33 (83-91)
Appendix H - Detailed Results for Questions 34-37 (92-94)
Appendix I - Annotated Literature Survey Regarding Challenges Owing to High Rate of Retirements and Leave-Taking (95-98)
Appendix J - Annotated Literature Survey: Standards and Guidance Documents Issued by International Standards-Developing OrganizationsRegarding Knowledge Management (99-100)
Appendix K - Annotated Literature Survey on Knowledge Management Practices (101-110)
Appendix L - Annotated Survey of Other Knowledge Management Resources (111-112)
Abbreviations used without definitions in TRB publications (113-113)

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34 18 16 14 No. of STAs Selecting 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Physical Physical storage Repository for Repository for storage uses established electronic electronic infrastructure records management resources has resources is is adequate practices adequate capacity backed up for long-term routinely storage FIGURE 12 Adequacy of storage infrastructure. tion. Note that multiple selections were allowed. Two DOTs written procedures in place to guide identifying and find- (Iowa and Montana) reported having an enterprise-wide ing resources. database system. Eight (Arizona, California, Idaho, Kansas, Missouri, Ohio, Utah, and Virginia) reported having an ARE STORED KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT intranet portal. Note that the two most commonly selected RESOURCES READILY AVAILABLE FOR USE responses show lack of an overall unified approach. Focus is IN CURRENT WORK AND DECISION MAKING? on the departments or work units, or the type of resource. The point of view is from that of "who owns the resource," rather Question 30 queried whether KM resources are readily avail- than on handling knowledge overall as a single asset, with able for current work and decision making. Again, with regard the focus on facilitating the searcher's need to obtain prior to Question 28, it probed the availability of KM resources as knowledge to apply to current work. they move from tacit into explicit forms. Multiple selections were allowed. See Table G12 in Appendix G for detailed The Virginia DOT commented that an enterprise-wide results for each STA and Table G13 for comments. taxonomy, based on the Transportation Research The- saurus, is under development to allow people to search Table 5 summarizes availability, sorted by frequency of multiple repositories simultaneously. Four DOTs, Kansas, selection. Note that two STAs--Massachusetts and Ohio-- Kentucky, Missouri, and Nevada, reported having active have a "push" or proactive system in place. Seven STAs TABLE 4 HOW DO EMPLOYEES IDENTIFY AND FIND KNOWLEDGE RESOURCES? No. of DOTs Selecting Methods of Identifying and Finding Resources We have various finding tools, depending on who is managing the resource (e.g., library, 17 records management, KM, archives, IT, division staff, etc.) We have a mix of databases and manual (hardcopy) indexes 17 We have a plethora of databases, clearinghouse-type websites, and portal-type web pages, 12 depending on the division/work group, resource type, or some other criteria. There is no central access point; one has to access each individually We mostly rely on knowledgeable individuals to help us find resources 9 Our intranet portal ties resources together and provides links or keyword-type index data to help 8 find most resources, electronic or physical We search an enterprise-wide database(s), populated with meta-data, to find most resources that 2 have been captured, stored, and preserved