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Our Seabed Frontier: Challenges and Choices (1989)

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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1989. Our Seabed Frontier: Challenges and Choices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1413.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1989. Our Seabed Frontier: Challenges and Choices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1413.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1989. Our Seabed Frontier: Challenges and Choices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1413.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1989. Our Seabed Frontier: Challenges and Choices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1413.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1989. Our Seabed Frontier: Challenges and Choices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1413.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1989. Our Seabed Frontier: Challenges and Choices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1413.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1989. Our Seabed Frontier: Challenges and Choices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1413.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1989. Our Seabed Frontier: Challenges and Choices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1413.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1989. Our Seabed Frontier: Challenges and Choices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1413.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1989. Our Seabed Frontier: Challenges and Choices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1413.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1989. Our Seabed Frontier: Challenges and Choices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1413.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1989. Our Seabed Frontier: Challenges and Choices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1413.
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REFERENCES CHAPIER 1 McGregor, B. ~ and M. Lockwood. 1985. Mapping and Research in the Exclusive Economic Zone. Reston, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 40 p. Booda, L. L. 1989. A relic of the past fades away. Sea Technol. 30~3~:7. CHAPTER 2 Seabed Characteristics McGregor, B. ~ and M. Lockwood, 1985. Mapping and Research in the Exclusive Economic Zone. Reston, Virginia: USGS. 40 p. . ,. External Environmental Effects Barnes, P. W. and E. Reimitz. 1974. Sedimentary processes-arctic shelves off the northern coast of Alaska. In The Coast and Shelf of the Beaufort Sea, O. C. Reed and J. E. Saler, eds. Arlington, Virginia: Arctic Institute of North America. Pp. 439-476. Bea, R. G. 1978. Earthquake criteria for platforms in the Gulf of Alaska. J. Petrol. Technol. 3:325-340. Butman, B., M. Noble, and D. W. Folger. 1979. Long-term observations of bottom current and bottom sediment movement on the Mid-Atlantic continental shelf. J. Geophys. Res. 84(C3~:1 187-1205. Campbell, K J., J. R. Hooper, and D. B. Prior. 1986. Engineering implications of deepwater geologic and soil conditions, Texas-Louisiana Slope. Proceedings of the 18th Offshore Technology Conference (OTC). Richardson, Texas: OTC. Heezen, B. C. and C. D. Hollister. 1984. Deep-sea current evidence from abyssal sediments. Mar. Geol. 1:141-174. Hollister, C. D., ~ M. Nowell, and P. Jumars. 1984. The dynamic abyss. Sci. Am. 250~3~:42-53. Teleki, P. G., M. ~ Hampton, and L. E. Garrison. 1979. Environmental hazards on the United States continental shelf. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering, Trondheim, Norway. Pp. 435-448. 119

120 Sediment Properties Alter, R. C. 1982. The effects of macrobenthos on chemical properties of marine sediment and overlying water. In Animal Sediment Relations, P. L. McCall and M. J. S. Tevesz, eds. New York: Plenum Press. Bennett, R. H., L. Lehman, M. H. Hulbert, G. R. Harvey, S. ~ Bush, E. B. Forde, P. Crews, and W. B. Sawyer. 1985. Interrelationships of organic carbon and submarine sediment geotechnical properties. Mar. Geotechnol. 6~1~:61-98. Booth, J. S. and ~ G. C. Dahl. 1986. A note on relationships between organic matter and some geotechnical properties of a marine sediment. Mar. Geotechnol. 6~3~:281-298. Brooks, J. M., H. B. Cox, W. R. Bryant, M. C. Kennicutt II, R. G. Mann, and T. J. McDonald. 1986. Association of gas hydrates and oil seepages in the Gulf of Mexico. Org. Geochem. 10:221-234. Brooks, J. M., M. C. Kennicutt II, R. R. Pay, T. J. McDonald, and R. Sassen. 1984. Thermogenic gas hydrates in the Gulf of Mexico. Science 225:409-411. Chaney, R. C. and H. Y. Fang, eds. 1986. Static and Dynamic Properties of Marine Sediment: A State of the Art, Marine Geotechnology and Nearshore/Offshore Structures. STP 923. Philadelphia: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Pp. 74-111. Jumars, P. ~ and ~ R. M. Nowell. 1984. Effects of benthos on sediment transport: Problems with function group. Cont. Shelf Res. 3:115-130. Keller, G. H. 1982. Organic matter and the geotechnical properties of submarine sediments. Geo- Mar. Letters 2:191-198. Rocker, K Jr. 1985. Handbook for Marine Geotechnical Engineering. Port Hueneme, California Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory. Research Activities Allen, J. S., J. Bane, R. Beardsley, D. Boesch, ~ Brandt, K Brink, B. Butman, D. Caldwell, C. Collins, C. Csanady, R. Davis, R. Garvine, D. Haidvogel, P. Jumars, C. Mooers, P. Niiler, R. Rothschild, T. Royer, and E. Thornton. 1987. Coastal physical oceanography: The next decade. EOS 68:1581-1591. Anderson, ~ L. and W. R. Bryant. 1987. Distribution of seafloor shallow gas in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Proceedings of the 19th Offshore Technology Conference. Richardson, Texas: OTC. Pp. 295-299. Booth, J. S., ~ J. Silva, and S. A. Jordan. 1984. Slope-stability analysis and creep susceptibility of Quaternary sediments of the northeastern United States continental slope; Seabed mechanics. Proceedings IUTAM Sympostum, University of New Castle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom. London: Graham and Trotman Limited. Pp. 65-79. Brink, K H. 1987. Coastal ocean physical processes. Rev. Geophys. 25:204-216. Campbell, K J., J. R. Hooper, and D. B. Prior. 1986. Engineering implications of deepwater geologic and soil conditions, Texas-Louisiana Slope. Proce~edings of the 18th Offshore Technology Conference. Richardson, Texas: OTC. Grant, W. D., L. F. Boyer, and L. P. Sanford. 1982. The effects of bioturbation on the initiation of motion of intertidal sands. J. Mar. Res. 40:654-677. Hammer, S. 1983. Airborne gravity is here! Geophys. 48:213-223. Heacock, J. G. 1988. Geology and Geophysics Program, Summary for FY '87. Environmental Sciences Directorate, Office of Naval Research (ONR) Code 1125GG, Pub: #OCNR 1125GG88, 7. Arlington, Virginia: ONR. Jacobson, R. S. 1987. Geology and Geophysics Program Summary for FY '86. Environmental Sciences Directorate, ONR Code 1125GG, Pub: #OCNR 1125GG87, 10. Arlington, Virginia: ONR. 223 p.

121 Jumars, P. ~ and ~ R. M. Nowell. 1984. Effects of benthos on sediment transport: Problems with function group. Cont. Shelf Res. 3:115-130. LaBrecque, J. L., J. Brozena, S. Cande, R. Bell, C. Raymond, M. Keller, J. C. Parra, and G. Yanez. 1986. Aerogeophysical survey yields new data in the Weddell Sea. Antarctic J. of the U.S. 21:69- 70. Lockwood, M. 1989. A status report on the EEZ: Planning for the next 10 years. Sea Technol. Feb.:37. Lockwood, M. and B. ~ McGregor, eds. 1988. Proceedings of the 1987 Exclusive Economic Zone Symposium on Mapping and Research: Planning for the next 10 years. Circular 1018. Reston, Virginia: USGS. 175 p. McCammon, H. M. 1988. Coastal Ocean Margins Program. DOE/ER 402. Washington, D.C.: Department of Energy (DOE). 19 p. McGregor, B. ~ and M. Lockwood. 1985. Mapping and Research in the Exclusive Economic Zone. Reston, Virginia: USGS. 40 p. Milliman, J. D., J. Zhuang, ~ Li, and J. I. Ewing. In press. Late Quaternary sedimentation on the outer and middle New Jersey continental shelf: Results of two local deglaciations? J. Geol. National Science Foundation (NSF), Advisory Committee on Ocean Sciences. 1987. A Unified Plan for Ocean Science: A Long Range Plan for the Division of Ocean Sciences of the NSF. Draft. NSF, Washington, D.C. May. Nelson, J. M. and J. D. Smith. 1989. Dynamics of debris flow in Natural Channels. Proceedings of the 3rd National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering: International Symposium on Sediment Transport Modeling. New York: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). in press. Nowell, ~ R. M. and C. D. Hollister, eds. 1985. Deep ocean sediment transport. Mar. Geol. 66:1-4. Nowell, ~ R. M., P. ~ Jumars, and J. H. Kravatz. 1987. Sediment transport events on shelves and slopes (STRESS) and biological effects of coastal ocean sediment transport. EOS 68-35:722-724. Schock, S. G., L. R. LeBlanc, and L. ~ Mayer. 1989. Chirp subbottom profiler for quantitative sediment analysis. Geophys. 54~4~:445-450. Sea Grant Abstracts. 1988. Publications from the Nation's Sea Grant Programs 3~1~:ISS-0887-4220. Seymour, R. S. and W. C. Webster, eds. 1987. Ocean Engineering Research Needs. NSF Workshop on Ocean Engineering Research Needs for EEZ Resource Characterization, University of California, San Diego. IMR Reference #87-5. Washington, D.C.: NSF. 22 p. Silva, ~ J., H. G. Brandes, M. H. Sadd, D. Karamanlidis, W-M. Tian, and E. P. Laine. 1989. Experimental and analytical study of creep deformations of submarine slopes. Proceedings, Oceans '89. Washington, D.C.: Marine Techology Society (MTS). Silva, ~ J. and J. S. Booth. 1985. Creep behavior of submarine slope sediments. Geo-Mar. Letters 4:215-219. Webster, W. J. Jr., P. T. Taylor, C. C. Schnetzler, and R. ~ Langel. 1985. Magnetic field of the Earth: Performance considerations for space base observing systems. IEEE Trans. on Remote Sensing GE-23:541-551. Yamamoto, T. and T. Torii. 1986. Seabed shear modulus profile inversion using surface gravity (water) wave-induced bottom motion. J. Geophys. Res. 85:413-431. Yuen, P. C. 1987. Engineering Solutions for the Utilization of EEZ Resources. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, College of Engineering. CHAPTER 3 Corell, R. W. 1988. Advance technology and science: A key to oceanic development. Mar. Technol. Soc. J. 22~1~:50-57. Pontecorvo. G. 1989. Contribution of the ocean sector to the United States economy: Estimated values for 1987-A technical note. Mar. Technol. Soc. J. 23~2~:7-14.

122 Oil And Gas American Petroleum Institute (API). 1987. Planning, Designing, and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms. Dallas: API. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Committee on Reliability of Offshore Structures. 1983. Application of reliability methods in design and analysis of offshore platforms. J. Structural Engrg. 109~10~: 2265-2291. Anon. 1988. Federal OCS Platform Directory Gulf of Mexico. Grapevine, Texas: James C. Dobson Co. Bettenburg, W. D. 1987. The outer continental shelf program: Status, prospects, and information needs. Proceedings of the 1987 Exclusive Economic Zone Symposium on Mapping and Research: Planning for the Next 10 Years, M. Lockwood and B. ~ McGregor, eds. Circular 1018. Reston, Virginia: USGS. Pp. 27-30. Brooks, J. M., B. H. Cos, W. R. Byant, M. C. Kennicutt II, R. G. Mann, and T. J. McDonald. 1986. Association of gas hydrates and oil seepage in the Gulf of Mexico. In Advances in Organic Geochemistry, D. Leythaeuser and J. Rullkotter, eds. Organic Geochem. 10:221-234. Campbell, K J., J. R. Hooper, and D. B. Prior. 1986. Engineering implications of deepwater geologic and soil conditions, Texas-Louisiana Slope. Proceedings of the 18th Offshore Technology Conference. Richardson, Texas: OTC. Campbell, K J., G. W. Quiros, and ~ G. Young. 1988. The importance of integrated Studies to deepwater site investigation. Proceedings of the 20th Offshore Technology Conference. Richardson, Texas: OTC. Esrig, J. I. and R. C. Kirby. 1977. Implications of gas content for predicting the stability of submarine slopes. Mar. Geotechnol. 2:81-100. Hooper, J. R. and W. ~ Dunlap. 1989. Modeling soil properties on the continental slope, Gulf of Mexico. Proceedings of the 21st Offshore Technology Conference. Richardson, Texas: OTC. Pp. 677-688. Hooper, J. R. and ~ G. Young. 1989. Engineering solutions for deepwater foundation problems using integrated investigations. International Ocean Technology Congress. Honolulu, Hawaii. January 22-26. Kraft, L. M. Jr. and M. R. Ploessel. 1985. Stability of submarine slopes. In Planning and Design of Fixed Offshore Platforms. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Pp. 440-516. LeBlanc, L. ~ 1983. Exxon installs first guyed tower. Offshore 43~9~:37-38. McClelland, B. and C. J. Ehlers. 1986. Offshore geotechnical site investigations. In Planning and Design of Fixed Offshore Platforms. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Pp. 224-265. McIver, R. D. 1982. Role of naturally occurring gas hydrates in sediment transport. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 66~6~:789-792. Minerals Management Service (MMS). 1987. Federal Offshore Statistics: 1985. OCS Report MMS 87-0008. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI). National Research Council (NRC). 1986. Understanding the Arctic Seafloor for Engineering Purposes. Washington, D.C.: NRC, Marine Board. National Research Council. 1985. Oil in the Sea: Inputs, Fates, and Effects. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. National Research Council. 1979. Inspection of Oil and Gas Platforms and Risers. Washington, D.C.: NRC, Marine Board. National Research Council. 1977. Verification of Fixed Offshore Oil and Gas Platforms. Washington, D.C.: NRC, Marine Board. Nehring, R. 1981. The Discovery of Significant Oil and Gas Fields in the United States. Santa Monica, California: Rand Corp. Ocean Oil Weekly Report. 1987. Exploration and Production. 22~3~:3. September 28. Ocean Oil Weekly Report. 1988. Drilling slated for November on Shell's Bullwinkle project. 23~8~:3. October 31.

123 Ocean Oil Weekly Report. 1989. Gas hydrates, complex formations challenged Conoco TLWP designers. 23~35~:2. May 8. Office of Technology Assessment (OTA). 1985. Oil and Gas Technologies for the Arctic and Deepwater. OTA-0-270. Washington, D.C.: OTT Prior, D. B., E. H. Doyle, and M. Kaluza. 1989. Evidence for sediment eruption on deep sea floor, Gulf of Mexico. Science 2:517-519. Tyce, R. C. and P. E. Pryor. 19~. Workshop 6: Technology needs to characterize the EEZ. In Proceedings of the 1987 Exclusive Economic Zone Symposium on Mapping and Research: Planning for the Next 10 Years, N. Lockwood and B. ~ McGregor, eds. Circular 1018. Reston, Virginia: USGS. Pp. 101-114. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 1986. Proceedings, The Exclusive Economic Zone Symposium. Exploring the New Ocean Frontier, M. Lockwood and G. Hill, eds. Reston, Virginia: USGS. Whelan, T. III, J. M. Coleman, J. N. Suhayda, and H. H. Roberts. 1977. Acoustical penetration and shear strength in gas-charged sediment. Mar. Geotechnol. 2:147-159. Wickizer, C. L. 1988. Challenges of future deepwater operations examined. Oil and Gas J. 8:61-68. October 24. Yokel, F. Y. and R. G. Bea. 1986. Mat Foundations for Offshore Structures in Arctic Regions. NBSIR 86-3419. Washington, D.C.: National Bureau of Standards (NSB). Young, ~ G., L. Babb, and R. Boggess. 1988. Mini-probes: A new dimension in offshore in situ testing. Proceedings, Oceans '88. Washington, D.C.: MTS. Pp. 423-427. Mineral Exploration and Development Broadus, J. M. 1987. Seabed materials. Science 235~4791~:853-860. Cruickshank, M. 1987. Marine Mining on the Outer Continental Shelf: Environmental Effects Overview. OCS Report 87-0035. Washington, D.C.: DOI. Francis, T. J. G. 1987. Marine minerals: Advances in research and resource assessment. In Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Marine Minerals: Resource Assessment Strategies. Gregynog, Wales, U.K: NATO. Katz, K 1987. McCormack mines the ocean floor. Rock Products. August. P. 47 Minerals Management Service (MMS). 1987. Prospecting in the outer continental shelf for minerals other than oil, gas, and sulfur. Proposed Rules Part I. Federal Register. Vol. 52, March 16, 1987. Minerals Management Service. lea. Leasing in the outer continental shelf for minerals other than oil, gas, and sulfur. Proposed Rules Part II. Federal Register. Vol. 53~160~. August 18, 1988. Minerals Management Service. lab. Operations in the outer continental shelf for minerals other than oil, gas, and sulfur. Proposed Rules Part III. Federal Register Vol. 53~160~. August 18, 1988. National Research Council (NBC). 1975. Mining in the Outer Continental Shelf and in the Deep Ocean. Marine Board, Panel on Operational Safety in Marine Mining. Washington, D.C.: NRC. Office of Technology Assessment (OTA). 1987. Marine Minerals: Exploring Our New Ocean Frontier. Washington: OTA Pendley, W. P. 1989. It ain't broke~on't fix it: Mining in America's Exclusive Economic Zone requires no new legislation. Mar. Technol. Soc. J. 23~1~. Tyce, R. C. and D. E. P'yor. 1988. Technology needs to characterize the EEZ. In Proceedings of the 1987 EEZ Symposium on Mapping and Research: Planning for the Next 10 Years, M. Lockwood and B. ~ McGregor, eds. USGS Circular 1018. Reston, Virginia: USGS. U.S. Congress, Mining and Mineral Resources Subcommittee of the House Interior and Insular Affairs Committee. 1989. Joint Statement of the Working Group on EEZ Hard Minerals. May 4.

124 U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI). 1987. The Mineral Position of the United States. Annual Report of the Secretary of the Interior. Washington, D.C.: DOI. Wickizer, C. L. 1988. Challenges of future deepwater operations examined. Oil and Gas J. 8:61-68. October 24. Waste Disposal Benefenati, E., R. Pastorelli, M. G. Castelli, R. Fanelli, ~ Carminati, ~ Farnaeti, and M. Lodi. 1986. Studies on the tetrachlorodibenzo-p- dioxins (TCDD) and tetrachlorodibenzofurans (TCDF) emitted from an urban incinerator. Chemosphere 15~5~:557-561. Benestad, C., ~ Jebens, and G. Tveten, 1987. Emission of organic micropollutants from waste incineration. Chemosphere 16~4~:813-820. Bokuniewicz, H. J. 1983. Submarine borrow pits as containment sites for dredged sediment. In Wastes in the Ocean, Volume 2, Dredged Material Disposal in the Ocean, D. R. Kester, B. H. Ketchum, I. W. Duedall, and P. K Park, eds. New York: Wiley and Sons. Pp. 215-227. Colombo, P., R. M. Neilson Jr., and M. W. Kendig. 1983. Analysis and evaluation of a radioactive waste package retrieved from the Atlantic Ocean. In Wastes in the Ocean, Volume 3, Radioactive Wastes and the Ocean, P. K Park, K R. Kester, I. W. Duedall, and B. H. Ketchum, eds. New York: Wiley and Sons. Pp. 237-268. Duedall, I. W., D. R. Kester, P. K Park, and B. H. Ketchum, eds. 1985. Wastes in the Ocean, Volume 1, Industrial and Sewage Wastes in the Ocean. New York: Wiley and Sons. 818 p. Francis, C. W. 1984. Leaching Characteristics of Resource Recovery Ash in Municipal Waste Landfills. Final Report, DOE Project No. ERD-83-289. Oak Ridge, Tennessee: Oak Ridge National Laboratory. 14 p. Heath, G. R., C. D. Hollister, D. R. Anderson, and M. Leinen. 1983. Why consider subseabed disposal of high-level nuclear wastes? In Wastes in the Ocean, Volume 3, Radioactive Wastes and the Ocean, P. K Park, D. R. Kester, I. W. Duedall, and B. H. Ketchum, eds. New York: Wiley and Sons. Pp. 303-325. Kamlet, K S. 1983. Dredged material ocean dumping: Perspectives on legal and environmental impacts. In Wastes in the Ocean, Volume 2, Dredged Material Disposal in the Ocean, D. R. Kester, B. H. Ketchum, I. W. Duedall, and P. K Park, eds. New York: Wiley and Sons. Pp. 29- 70. Kester, D. R., B. H. Ketchum, I. W. Duedall, and P. K Park. 1983. Have the questions concerning dredged material disposal been answered? In Wastes in the Ocean, Volume 2, Dredged Material Disposal in the Ocean, D. R. Kester, B. H. Ketchum, I .W. Duedall, and P. K Park, eds. New York: Wiley and Sons. Pp. 275-287. Lear, D. W. and M. L. O'Malley. 1983. Effects of sewage sludge dumping on continental shelf benthos. In Wastes in the Ocean. Volume 1, Industrial and Sewage Wastes in the Ocean, I. W. Duedall, B. H. Ketchum, P. K Park, and D. R. Kester, eds. New York: Wiley and Sons. Pp. g9-121. Morton, R. W. 1983. Precision bathymetric study of dredged-material capping experiment in Long Island Sound. In Wastes in the Ocean, Volume 2, Dredged Material Disposal in the Ocean, D. R. Kester, B. H. Ketchum, I. W. Duedall, and P. K Park, eds. New York: Wiley and Sons. Pp. 99-121. National Research Council (NRC). 1989. Monitoring particulate waste in the oceans. Unpublished report of the Panel on Particulate Waste in the Oceans, Committee on Systems Assessment of Marine Environmental Monitoring. Marine Board, NRC, Washington, D.C. O'Connor, J. M., J. B. Klotz, and T. J. Kneip. 1982. Sources, sinks, and distribution of organic contaminants in the New York Bight ecosystem. In Ecological Stress and the New York Bight: Science and Management, G. F. Mayer, ed. Columbia, South Carolina: Estuarine Research Federation. Pp. 631-653.

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130 CHAEVrER 6 Hardin, G. 1968. The tragedy of the commons. Science 162:1243-1245. U.S. Congress, Subcommittee of the House Interior and Insular Affairs Committee. 1989. Joint Statement of the Working Group on EEZ Hard Minerals. May 4. LEGISLATION ANI) PRESIDENTIAL PROCIAMATIONS CITED Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984, P. L. 98-373. Clean Water Act, P. L. 92-500; 33 U.S.C. 1251, et seq. (Also known as the Federal Water Pollution Control Act; and Public Law 92-500, as amended.) Coastal Zone Management of Act of 1972, as amended, P. L. 92-583; 16 U.S.C. 1451, et seq. Deepwater Port Act, 33 U.S.C. 1501 et seq. Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, P. L. 93-205; 16 U.S.C. 1531, et seq. Magnuson Fisheries Conservation and Management Act of 1976, P. L. 83-212, 67 Stat. 462 (1953), 43 U.S.C. 1331-1356. Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, P. L. 92-532; 33 U.S.C. 1401, et seq. National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended, P. L. 91-190; 42 U.S.C. 4321, et seq. 42 U.S.C. 4321-4347. National Ocean Pollution, Research, Development and Monitoring Planning Act of 197X, 33 U.S.C., 1701 et seq. Ocean Dumping Ban Act of 1988, P. L. 100-688. Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act of 1953, P. L. 94-265 as amended, 43 U.S.C., 1331 et seq. Reagan Proclamation, EEZ, Proclamation No. 5030, 48 Fed. Reg. 10605, 3 C.F.R. 5030, 1983. Truman Proclamation of 1945. Executive Proclamation No. 2667, September 28, 1945. 59 Stat. 884 (1945~.

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The establishment of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in 1983 "for the purpose of exploring, exploiting, conserving, and managing natural resources" presents the nation with an opportunity and a challenge to wisely use its diverse resources. Besides living resources such as fisheries, this vast region contains extensive and potentially valuable mineral and energy resources, and is used for various other purposes—such as waste disposal, pipelines, cables, and military uses. This book assesses the state of knowledge of seafloor properties and processes as they relate to future utilization of the U.S. EEZ seabed.

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