Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page 21
21
CHAPTER 7
Needed Research
The following five topics identify the most pressing Inputs to models for PM inventory predictions focused
research needs and all are of comparable priority. Some on coupling operations to emissions data and on a sys-
sequencing of projects will be required to address the knowl- tematic study of the PM emissions of the most advanced
edge gaps most efficiently; however, the information gained turbofan technology, GSE, APUs, and piston-engine
from these proposed research areas is needed to complete aircraft
airport PM inventories with commonly acceptable confi- Evaluation of aircraft PM emissions data to possibly
dence levels. Chapter 8 proposes two separate research proj- develop chemical or other markers or fingerprints for
ects and a synthesis report, describing rationale and estimated aircraft
cost, to address several of these needs. The other research Size number, mass, and compositional studies for aircraft
needs described in Chapter 8 are being addressed in research brake and tire PM emissions, including possibly markers
sponsored by other organizations. or fingerprints
Size number, mass, and compositional studies for other
· Broader Engine Emissions Database airport sources, particularly GSE and APUs, including
Studies to correlate aircraft engine emissions to engine possibly chemical or other markers/fingerprints
age and maintenance history (critical role for airlines) · Methodology Development
Studies to correlate fuel composition to PM production Measurement methods for volatile PM properties to be
APU emissions database for PM developed (density, evolution, and sampling system, etc.)
Role of lubrication oils in aircraft PM emissions Measurement methods for nonvolatile PM properties
· PM Evolution Studies to be refined
Measurements · Health Impacts
Modeling Health impacts of nonvolatile PM as a function of size,
Link emissions datasets to local and regional air qual- number, and composition
ity models Health impacts of volatile PM as a function of size,
Laboratory simulations number, and composition
· Develop Means of Estimating Relative Contributions of Organic speciation relative to carcinogens and other
Aircraft and Other PM Sources to Airport PM Inventory toxic compounds for volatile and coated nonvolatile PM
