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NCHRP Report 500 Volume 21: Safety Data and Analysis in Developing Emphasis Area Plans (2008)
National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP)

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Neuman, Timothy R, Delucia, Barbara Hilger, Graham, Jerry L, Peck, Raymond C, Potts, Ingrid B, Harwood, Douglas W, Hutton, Jessica M, Council, Forrest M, Torbic, Darren John, Transportation Research Board. "Closure." NCHRP Report 500 Volume 21: Safety Data and Analysis in Developing Emphasis Area Plans. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2008.

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Page
67
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Page
67
Front Matter (R1-R11)
Summary (1-4)
Section I - Introduction (5-5)
Introduction to Proposed Procedures (6-7)
Crash Data and Related Files (8-10)
Roadway Inventory Data (11-11)
Driver History Files (12-12)
National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS) (13-13)
Local Data Files (14-14)
Closure (15-15)
Stage 1 Define/Choose One or More Issues/Emphasis Areas (16-16)
Stage 3 Define Treatment Strategies and Target Populations (17-26)
Summary (27-27)
Possible Program Types Spot versus System Programs (28-28)
Procedure 1 Choosing Roadway-Based Treatments and Target Populations When Treatment Effectiveness Is Known, and Both Crash and Non-Crash Data Are Available (29-33)
Procedure 2A Choosing Roadway-Based Treatments and Target Populations When Treatment Effectiveness Is Known and Mileposted Crash Data Are Available, but Detailed Inventory Data Are Not Available (34-35)
Procedure 2B Choosing Roadway-Based Treatments and Target Populations When Treatment Effectiveness Is Known and Neither Mileposted Crash Data nor Detailed Inventory Data Are Available (36-37)
Procedure 3 Choosing Roadway Treatments and Target Locations When Treatment Effectiveness in Terms of Crash/Injury Reduction Is Not Known (38-39)
Procedure 4 Choosing Treatments and Target Populations in Emphasis Areas for which Some Candidate Treatments Have Known Effectiveness Estimates and Other Treatments Do Not (40-41)
Possible Program Types Spot versus System Programs (42-42)
Procedure 1 Choosing Intersection Treatments and Target Populations When Treatment Effectiveness Is Known, and Both Crash and Non-Crash Data Are Available (43-46)
Procedure 2A Choosing Intersection Treatments and Target Populations When Treatment Effectiveness Is Known and Mileposted Crash Data Are Available, but Detailed Inventory Data Are Not Available (47-48)
Procedure 2B Choosing Intersection Treatments and Target Populations When Treatment Effectiveness Is Known and Neither Mileposted Crash Data nor Detailed Inventory Data Are Available (49-49)
Procedure 3 Choosing Intersection Treatments and Target Locations When Treatment Effectiveness in Terms of Crash/Injury Reduction Is Not Known (50-52)
Procedure 4 Choosing Treatments and Target Populations in Emphasis Areas for which Some Candidate Treatments Have Known Effectiveness Estimates and Other Treatments Do Not (53-53)
Procedure 3 Choosing Roadway User Treatments and Target Subgroups When Treatment Effectiveness in Terms of Crash/Injury Reduction Is Not Known (54-57)
Closure Good Data Produce Better Results (58-58)
General Strategic Considerations (59-59)
Procedure 3 Choosing Treatments and Target Subgroups Related To Illegal Driving Actions When Treatment Effectiveness in Terms of Crash/Injury Reduction Is Unknown (60-63)
Alternative Economic Analysis Procedure Choosing Treatments and Target Subgroups for Alcohol-Related Crash Strategies When Treatment Effectiveness in Terms of Alcohol-Related Crash/Injury Reduction Can Be Estimated (64-65)
Alternative Procedure Choosing Treatments and Target Subgroups for Alcohol-Related Crash Strategies Based On Existing DWI Program Needs (66-66)
Closure (67-67)
General Strategic Considerations (68-68)
Procedure 3 Choosing Treatments and Target Subgroups Related To Unsafe Driving Actions When Treatment Effectiveness in Terms of Crash/Injury Reduction Is Unknown (69-72)
Closure (73-73)
Procedure 3 Choosing Treatments and Target Subgroups for Crashes Involving Special Vehicle Types When Treatment Effectiveness in Terms of Crash/Injury Reduction Is Not Known (74-77)
Closure Good Data Produce Better Results (78-78)
Section X - Reducing Crashes in Work Zones (79-79)
Level 1 Analysis (80-81)
Level 2 Analysis (82-83)
Level 4 Analysis (84-85)
Procedure (86-88)
Closure (89-89)
Organizational Issues (90-90)
Data Improvement Strategies (91-92)
Closure Good Data Produce Better Results (93-93)
Key References (94-95)
Abbreviations used without definitions in TRB publications (96-96)

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67 each of the three subgroups of AR drivers (i.e., young AR Closure drivers, all AR drivers, and repeat offenders) using the analy- ses defined in Step 1 of Procedure 3 above. This would Choosing treatments and targeting those treatments to the provide information on not only which program compo- three illegal driving populations covered in this section is dif- nents need strengthening, but also the size of the AR crash ficult. The programs are complex, there is limited crash-based problem that might be affected by different improvements. information on treatment effectiveness for the strategies cov- The above approach could also be applied to the unli- ered in the three guides, and there is limited information on censed/suspended/revoked driver problem. A large percentage program costs. However, choices have to be made given that of suspended/revoked drivers have been suspended or revoked available budgets will always be limited to some degree. It is for driving under the influence and there is considerable hoped that the procedures presented in this section at least overlap in the proposed treatment strategies. provide some insight into how such choices can be made.