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Page 98
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Multimodal Level of Service Analysis for Urban Streets. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14175.
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Page 99
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Multimodal Level of Service Analysis for Urban Streets. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14175.
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Page 100
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Multimodal Level of Service Analysis for Urban Streets. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14175.
×
Page 100
Page 101
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Multimodal Level of Service Analysis for Urban Streets. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14175.
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Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

98 1. The Highway Capacity and Quality of Service Manual, Trans- portation Research Board, National Research Council, Washing- ton, DC (2000). 2. TCRP Web-Only Document 6: Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1999). 3. 2002 Quality/Level of Service Handbook, Florida Department of Transportation, Office of the State Transportation Planner, Sys- tems Planning Office, Tallahassee, FL (January 7, 2003). (http://www11.myflorida.com/planning/systems/sm/los/) 4. Rouphail, N., et al. “Recommended Procedures for Chapter 14, Bicycles, of the Highway Capacity Manual.” Report FHWA-RD- 98-108. FHWA, U.S. DOT (1998). 5. Rouphail, N., et al. “Recommended Procedures for Chapter 13, Pedestrians, of the Highway Capacity Manual.” Report FHWA- RD-98-107. FHWA, U.S. DOT (1999). 6. Fruin, J. Pedestrian Planning and Design. Metropolitan Associa- tion of Urban Designers and Environmental Planners, New York, NY (1971). 7. Botma, H. “Method to Determine Level of Service for Bicycle Paths and Pedestrian Bicycle Paths.” Transportation Research Record 1502, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC, pp. 38–44 (1995). 8. Pushkarev, B. and J. Zupan. Public Transportation and Land Use Policy, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN (1977). 9. Phillips, R., J. Karachepone, and B. Landis. Multi-Modal Qual- ity of Service Project, Urban and Regional Planning Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (March 2001). 10. Flannery, A., K. Wochinger, and A. Martin. “Driver Assessment of Service Quality on Urban Streets.” Presented at the Trans- portation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2005). 11. Flannery, A., et al. “Research Approaches to Assess Automobile Drivers’ Perception of Quality of Service.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2004). 12. Colman, S. “Assessing Arterial Level of Service for Congestion Management Programs: A User Perspective,” 1994 ITE Interna- tional Conference, Institute of Transportation Engineers, Washington, DC (1994). 13. Pecheux, K., et al. “Automobile Drivers’ Perceptions of Service Quality on Urban Streets.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2004). 14. Science Applications International Corporation, George Mason University, and Volpe National Transportation Systems Center. “Quality of Service and Customer Satisfaction on Arterial Streets: Final Report.” FHWA, U.S. DOT, Washington, DC, June 13 (2003). 15. Sutaria, T., and J. Haynes. “Level of Service at Signalized Inter- sections,” Transportation Research Record 644, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1977). 16. Ha, T.-J., Tae-Jun Ha and W. Berg. “Development of Safety- Based Level-Of-Service Criteria for Isolated Signalized Intersec- tions,” Transportation Research Record 1484, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1995). 17. Zhang, L., and P. Prevedouros. “Signalized Intersection LOS that Accounts for Safety Risk.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2003). 18. Zhang, L., and P. Prevedouros. “Signalized Intersection LOS that Accounts for User Perceptions.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2004). 19. Zhang, L., and P. Prevedouros. “User Perceptions of Signalized Intersection Level of Service.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2005). 20. Li, J., Z. Yue, and S. Wong. “Performance Evaluation of Signal- ized Urban Intersections under Mixed Traffic Conditions by Gray System Theory.” Journal of Transportation Engineering, Vol. 130, No. 1, pp. 113-121 (2004). 21. Pecheux, K., M. Pietrucha, and P. Jovanis. “User Perception of Level of Service at Signalized Intersections: Methodological Issues,” Transportation Research Circular E-C018, Fourth Inter- national Symposium on Highway Capacity, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC (June 2000). 22. Fang, C., and K. Pecheux. “Analysis of User Perception of Level of Service Using Fuzzy Data Mining Technique.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2007). 23. Zhang, L., and P. Prevedouros. “Fuzzy Logic Based User Percep- tions of Signalized Intersection Level of Service.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2007). 24. Lee, D., T.-G. Kim, and M. Pietrucha. “Incorporation of Trans- portation User Perception Into Evaluation of Service Quality of Signalized Intersections Using Fuzzy Aggregation.” Presented References

at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2007). 25. Nakamura, H., K. Suzuki, and S. Ryu. “Analysis of the Interrela- tionship Among Traffic Flow Conditions, Driving Behavior, and Degree of Driver’s Satisfaction on Rural Motorways,” Trans- portation Research Circular E-C018, Fourth International Sym- posium on Highway Capacity, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC (June 2000). 26. Fu, L., F. Saccomanno, and Y.Xin. “A New Performance Index for Evaluating Transit Quality of Service.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2005). 27. Tumlin, J., et al. “Performance Measures for the Urban Village Transit Network.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2005). 28. Xin, Y., L. Fu, and F. Saccomanno. “Assessing Transit Level of Service along Travel Corridors Using TCQSM – A Case Study.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meet- ing, Washington, DC (2005). 29. Furth, P., and T. Muller. “Service Reliability and Hidden Wait- ing Time: Insights from AVL Data.” Presented at the Transporta- tion Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2006). 30. Morpace International, Inc., , TCRP Report 47: A Handbook for Measuring Customer Satisfaction and Service Quality, Transporta- tion Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1999). 31. Kittelson & Associates, Inc., et al. TCRP Report 88: A Guidebook for Developing a Transit Performance-Measurement System, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (2003). 32. Perk, V., and C. Foreman, “Evaluation of First-Year Florida MPO Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Reports,” Report NCTR-473-02, National Center for Transit Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (2001). 33. Petritsch, T. “Video Simulation of Roadway Bicycling.” Pre- sented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2007). 34. Zolnik, E., and E. Cromley. “Poisson Multilevel Bicycle Level- Of-Service Methodology for Road Networks.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2007). 35. Petritsch, T., et al. “Bicycle Level of Service for Arterials.” Pre- sented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2007). 36. Petritsch, T. “Video Simulation of Roadway Bicycling.” Pre- sented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2007). 37. Jensen, S. “Pedestrian and Bicycle Levels of Service on Roadway Segments.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington DC (2007). 38. Landis, B., et al. “Intersection Level of Service: The Bicycle Through Movement.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2003). 39. Harkey, D., D. Reinfurt, and M. Knuiman. “Development of the Bicycle Compatibility Index”, Transportation Research Record 1636, Transportation Research Board, National Research Coun- cil, Washington, DC (1998). 40. Landis, B., V. Vattikuti, and M. Brannick. “Real-Time Human Perceptions: Towards a Bicycle Level of Service,” Transportation Research Record 1578, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1997). 41. Stinson, M., and C. Bhat. “An Analysis of Commuter Bicyclist Route Choice Using a Stated Preference Survey.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2003). 42. Jones, E., and T. Carlson. “Development of a Bicycle Compati- bility Index for Rural Roads in Nebraska.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2003). 43. Noel, N., C. Leclerc, and M. Lee-Gosselin. “CRC Index: Compat- ibility of Roads for Cyclist in Rural and Urban Fringe Areas.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meet- ing, Washington, DC (2003a). 44. Hubbard, S., R. Awwad, and D. Bullock. “New Perspective on Assessing Impact of Turning Vehicles on Pedestrian Level of Ser- vice at Signalized Intersections.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2007). 45. Chilukuri, V., and M. Virkler. “Validation of HCM Pedestrian Delay Model for Interrupted Facilities,” Journal of Transporta- tion Engineering, Vol. 131, No. 12, pp. 939–945 (2005). 46. Clark, Z., S. Hubbard, and D. Bullock. “Quantitative Measure- ment Procedures for Pedestrian Service at Signalized Intersec- tions: A Case Study at a Skewed Intersection.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2006). 47. Lee, J., P. Goh, and W. Lam. “New Level-of-Service Standard for Signalized Crosswalks with Bi-Directional Pedestrian Flows.” Journal of Transportation Engineering, Vol. 131, No. 12, pp. 957–960 (2005). 48. Muraleetharan, T., et al. “Evaluation of Pedestrian Level-of- Service on Sidewalks and Crosswalks Using Conjoint Analysis.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meet- ing, Washington, DC (2004a). 49. Petritsch, T., et al. “Level of Service Model for Signalized Inter- sections for Pedestrians.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2005). 50. Jensen, S. “Pedestrian and Bicycle Levels of Service on Roadway Segments.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2007). 51. Bian, Y., et al. “Pedestrian Level of Service for Sidewalks in China.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2007). 52. Byrd, J., and V. Sisiopiku. “Comparison of Level of Service Methodologies for Pedestrian Sidewalks.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2006). 53. Muraleetharan, T., and T. Hagiwara. “Overall Level of Service of the Urban Walking Environment and Its Influence on Pedestrian Route Choice Behavior: Analysis of Pedestrian Travel in Sapporo, Japan.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2007). 54. Hummer, J., et al. “User Perceptions of the Quality of Service on Shared Paths.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2005). 55. Patten, R., et al. “Shared Use Path Bicycle Level of Service Proce- dure.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2005). 56. Petritsch, T., et al. “Pedestrian Level of Service Model for Urban Arterial Facilities with Sidewalks.” Presented at the Transporta- tion Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2005). 57. Muraleetharan, T., et al. “Method to Determine Overall Level- of-Service of Pedestrians on Sidewalks and Crosswalks Based on 99

Total Utility Value.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2004b). 58. Sisiopiku, V., X. Zhang, and M. Virkler. “Pedestrian Level of Ser- vice and Quality of Operations Assessment Methods.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2002). 59. Landis, B., et al. “Modeling the Roadside Walking Environment: Pedestrian LOS,” Transportation Research Record 1773, Trans- portation Research Board, Washington, DC (2001). 60. Miller, J., J. Bigelow, and N. Garber. “Calibrating Pedestrian Level-of-Service Metrics with 3-D Visualization.” Transportation Research Record 1705, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, DC (2000) pp. 9-15. 61. Chu, X., and M. Baltes. Pedestrian Mid-block Crossing Difficulty, National Center for Transit Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (2001). 62. Chu, X., M. Guttenplan, and M. Baltes. “Why People Cross Where They Do, The Role of the Street Environment.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2003). 63. Winters, P. L., and L. E. Tucker. “Searching for Creative Solutions for Assessing Level of Service Equally Across Modes.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meet- ing, Washington, DC (2004). 64. Perone, J., et al. “Assessing Hierarchy of Needs in Levels of Ser- vice.” FDOT BD 549-1, National Center for Transit Research, Tampa, FL (2005). 65. Hiatt, R. E. “An Alternative to Auto LOS for Transportation Impact Analysis.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2006). 66. Winters, P., et al. Assessing Level of Service Equally Across Modes, Center for Urban Transportation Research, College of Engineer- ing, University of South Florida, Tampa Bay, FL (December 2001). 67. Crider, L., J. Burden, and F. Han. Multimodal LOS: Point Level of Service Project Final Report, Department of Urban & Regional Planning, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (August 2001). 68. Dowling, R., Florida Intrastate Highway System, Multi-Modal Cor- ridor Level of Service Analysis, Final Report, Florida Department of Transportation, Office of the State Transportation Planner, Systems Planning Office, Tallahassee, FL (June 2001). 69. Phillips, R., J. Karachepone, and B. Landis, Multi-Modal Qual- ity of Service Project, Urban and Regional Planning Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (March 2001). 70. Guttenplan, M., et al. “Multimodal Level-Of-Service Analysis At Planning Level,” Transportation Research Record 1776, Trans- portation Research Board, Washington, DC (2001). 71. Guttenplan, M., et al. “Planning Level Areawide Multi-Modal Level of Service (LOS) Analysis.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2003). 72. Trochim, W. Research Methods Knowledgebase, A web-based textbook, http://trochim.human.cornell.edu/kb/, Cornell Uni- versity (2002). 73. Noel, N., C. Leclerc, and M. Lee-Gosselin. “CRC Index: Compat- ibility of Roads for Cyclist in Rural and Urban Fringe Areas.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meet- ing, Washington, DC (2003). 74. Landis, B., et al. “Intersection Level of Service: The Bicycle Through Movement.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2003). 75. Landis, B., V. Vattikuti, and M. Brannick. “Real-Time Human Perceptions: Towards a Bicycle Level of Service,” Transportation Research Record 1578, Transportation Research Board, Washing- ton, DC (1997). 76. Pecheux, K., M. Pietrucha, and P. Jovanis. “User Perception of Level of Service at Signalized Intersections: Methodological Issues,” Transportation Research Circular E-C018, Fourth Inter- national Symposium on Highway Capacity, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC (June 2000). 77. Sutaria, T., and J. Haynes. “Level of Service at Signalized Inter- sections,” Transportation Research Record 644, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC (1977). 78. Hall, F., S. Wakefield, and A. Al-Kaisy, “Freeway Quality of Ser- vice: What Really Matters to Drivers and Passengers?” Trans- portation Research Record 1776, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC (2001). 79. Pecheux, K., M. Pietrucha, and P. Jovanis. “User Perception of Level of Service at Signalized Intersections: Methodological Issues,” Transportation Research Circular E-C018, Fourth Inter- national Symposium on Highway Capacity, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC (June 2000). 80. Sutaria, T., and J. Haynes. “Level of Service at Signalized Inter- sections,” Transportation Research Record 644, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC (1977). 81. Nakamura, H., K. Suzuki, and S. Ryu. “Analysis of the Interrela- tionship Among Traffic Flow Conditions, Driving Behavior, and Degree of Driver’s Satisfaction on Rural Motorways,” Trans- portation Research Circular E-C018, Fourth International Sym- posium on Highway Capacity, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC (June 2000). 82. Colman, S. “Assessing Arterial Level of Service for Congestion Management Programs: A User Perspective,” 1994 ITE Interna- tional Conference, Institute of Transportation Engineers, Washington, DC (1994). 83. Morpace International, Inc. TCRP Report 47: A Handbook for Measuring Customer Satisfaction and Service Quality, Transporta- tion Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1999). 84. Landis, B. W., et al. “Intersection Level of Service: The Bicycle Through Movement.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2003). 85. Harkey, D., D. Reinfurt, and M. Knuiman. “Development of the Bicycle Compatibility Index,” Transportation Research Record 1636, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC (1998). 86. Jones, E., and T. Carlson. “Development of a Bicycle Compatibil- ity Index for Rural Roads in Nebraska.” Presented at the Trans- portation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2003). 87. Noel, N., C. Leclerc, and M. Lee-Gosselin, “CRC Index: Compat- ibility of Roads for Cyclist in Rural and Urban Fringe Areas.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meet- ing, Washington, DC (2003b). 88. Landis, B., V. Vattikuti, and M. Brannick. “Real-Time Human Perceptions: Towards a Bicycle Level of Service,” Transportation Research Record 1578, Transportation Research Board, Wash- ington, DC (1997). 89. Stinson, M., and C. Bhat. “An Analysis of Commuter Bicyclist Route Choice Using a Stated Preference Survey.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2003). 90. Miller, J., J. Bigelow, and N. Garber. “Calibrating Pedestrian Level-of-Service Metrics with 3-D Visualization.” Transportation Research Record 1705, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC, pp. 9-15 (2000). 100

91. Landis, B., et al. “Modeling the Roadside Walking Environment: Pedestrian LOS,” Transportation Research Record 1773, Trans- portation Research Board, Washington, DC (2001). 92. Chu, X., and M. Baltes. Pedestrian Mid-block Crossing Difficulty, National Center for Transit Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (2001). 93. Nadeir, J., and B. Raman, “Design Consideration in Simulating Interactive Virtual Pedestrian Environments.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2002). 94. United States Census, Ranking Tables for Population of Metropol- itan Statistical Areas, http://www.census.gov/population/www/ estimates/metrodef.html) (2004). 95. Davison, A., and D. Hinkley. Bootstrap Methods and their Appli- cation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press (1997). 96. Searle, S.R. Linear Models for Unbalanced Data. New York: Wiley (1987). 97. Agresti, A. Categorical Data Analysis, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ (2002). 98. Furth, P., and T. Miller. “Service Reliability and Hidden Wait- ing Time: Insights from AVL Data,” Transportation Research Record 1955, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC (2006). 99. Balcombe, R. (editor). “The demand for transport: a practical guide,” Report TRL593, TRL Limited, Wokingham, UK (2004). 100. Pratt, R. TCRP Research Results Digest 61: Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes—An Interim Introduction to the Handbook, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC (2003). 101. Kittelson & Associates, Inc., et al. TCRP A-23A Bus Rapid Tran- sit Practitioners Guide, Final Draft (2006). 102. St. Jacques, K., and H. Levinson. TCRP Report 26: Operational Analysis of Bus Lanes on Arterials, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1997). 103. Newell, G. “Dispatching Policies for a Transportation Route,” Transportation Science, Vol. 5, pp. 91-105 (1971). 104. Mohring, H. “Optimization and Scale Economies in Urban Bus Transportation,” American Economic Review, Vol. 62, No. 40, pp.591-604 (1972). 105. Balcombe, R. (editor). “The demand for transport: a practical guide”, Report TRL593, TRL Limited, Wokingham, United Kingdom (2004a). 106. Balcombe, R. (editor). “The demand for transport: a practical guide”, Report TRL593, TRL Limited, Wokingham, United Kingdom, Table 8.9, non-London commuter values (2004b). 107. Turnquist, M. “A Model for Investigating the Effects of Service Frequency and Reliability on Bus Passenger Waiting Times,” Transportation Research Record 663, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1978). 108. Outwater, M., and W. Charlton. “The San Francisco Model in Practice: Validation, Testing, and Application,” presented at the Innovations in Travel Modeling 2006 Conference, Austin, Texas (May 21-23, 2006). 109. Balcombe, R. (editor). “The demand for transport: a practical guide,” Report TRL593, TRL Limited, Wokingham, United Kingdom (2004). 110. The Highway Capacity and Quality of Service Manual, Transporta- tion Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (2000). 111. 2002 Quality/Level of Service Handbook, Florida Department of Transportation, Office of the State Transportation Planner, Sys- tems Planning Office, Tallahassee, FL, (http://www11.myflorida. com/planning/systems/sm/los/) (January 7, 2003). 112. Petritsch, T., et al. “Level-of-Service Model for Pedestrians at Signalized Intersections,” Transportation Research Record 1939, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC (2005). 113. The Highway Capacity and Quality of Service Manual, Trans- portation Research Board, Washington, DC, pg. 18-7 (2000). 101

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Multimodal Level of Service Analysis for Urban Streets Get This Book
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TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 616: Multimodal Level of Service Analysis for Urban Streets explores a method for assessing how well an urban street serves the needs of all of its users. The method for evaluating the multimodal level of service (MMLOS) estimates the auto, bus, bicycle, and pedestrian level of service on an urban street using a combination of readily available data and data normally gathered by an agency to assess auto and transit level of service. The MMLOS user’s guide was published as NCHRP Web-Only Document 128.

Errata

In the printed version of the report, equations 36 (pedestrian segment LOS) and 37 (pedestrian LOS for signalized intersections) on page 88 have been revised and are available online. The equations in the electronic (dpf) version of the report are correct.

In June 2010, TRB released NCHRP Web-Only Document 158: Field Test Results of the Multimodal Level of Service Analysis for Urban Streets (MMLOS) that explores the result of a field test of the MMLOS in 10 metropolitan areas in the United States.

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