National Academies Press: OpenBook

Applications of Illuminated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems (2008)

Chapter: Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire

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Page 46
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire ." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Applications of Illuminated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14182.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire ." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Applications of Illuminated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14182.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire ." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Applications of Illuminated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14182.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire ." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Applications of Illuminated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14182.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire ." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Applications of Illuminated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14182.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire ." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Applications of Illuminated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14182.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire ." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Applications of Illuminated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14182.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire ." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Applications of Illuminated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14182.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire ." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Applications of Illuminated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14182.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire ." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Applications of Illuminated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14182.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire ." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Applications of Illuminated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14182.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire ." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Applications of Illuminated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14182.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire ." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Applications of Illuminated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14182.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire ." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Applications of Illuminated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14182.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire ." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Applications of Illuminated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14182.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire ." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Applications of Illuminated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14182.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire ." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Applications of Illuminated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14182.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire ." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Applications of Illuminated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14182.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire ." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Applications of Illuminated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14182.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire ." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Applications of Illuminated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14182.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire ." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Applications of Illuminated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14182.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire ." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Applications of Illuminated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14182.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire ." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Applications of Illuminated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14182.
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47 Survey Response Sequence Question 1—Answered once by each respondent Question 2—Answered once by each respondent For each “yes” in Question 2, each respondent will be led through the following sequence of questions (*): Affirmative Application 1 (e.g., intersection stop bars) Location #1: • Facility characteristics questions • Technology type and characteristics questions • Installation and construction methods questions • Operation questions • Maintenance questions • Costs questions • Benefits questions *Each question is coded with question number, application type, and location number. For example, 2—ISB1 is the second question related to intersection stop bars at location 1. Location #2 (and every subsequent location): • Facility characteristics questions (same) • Technology type and characteristics questions (same) • Installation and construction methods questions (same) • Operation questions (same) • Maintenance questions (same) • Costs questions (same) • Benefits questions (same) Affirmative Application 2 (e.g., multiple-turn lanes) Location #1 (*): • Facility characteristics questions • Technology type and characteristics questions • Installation and construction methods questions • Operation questions • Maintenance questions • Costs questions • Benefits questions *As currently drafted, question sets above would be defined a little differently for each of the application types. Many of the questions may be modified to be more generic and standard across application types; facility characteristics will likely have to include some dis- tinct questions by application. Location #2 (and every subsequent location) • Facility characteristics questions (same) • Technology type and characteristics questions (same) • Installation and construction methods questions (same) • Operation questions (same) • Maintenance questions (same) • Costs questions (same) • Benefits questions (same) Process is repeated until information is gathered for each affirmative application type and unique location. APPENDIX A Survey Questionnaire

NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM SYNTHESIS OF HIGHWAY PRACTICE 38-13 ILLUMINATED, ACTIVE, IN-PAVEMENT MARKER SYSTEMS SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE Several different types of illuminated pavement markers exist and there are numerous ways to install and operate them. These devices are currently being used to guide, warn, and regulate road users with the intention of improving safety, operations, and visibility of both the road- way and regulatory devices. Although they may be installed in any number of surfaces, this investigation will focus on actively operated, illuminated markers installed on a pavement or roadway barrier surface (i.e., concrete barrier). Illuminated, active, in-pavement marker systems (IPMs) can be useful tools for providing guidance and warning to road users, but not all transportation professionals know the best practice for installing, activating, and using them. Consequently, the National Cooperative Highway Research Council (NCHRP), as part of its synthesis series (Project 20-5, Topic 38-13), is conducting this survey to identify and summarize the state of the practice of illuminated, active, in-pavement marker systems (IPMs). TELL US ABOUT YOURSELF Name: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Title: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Agency: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Division: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ City: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Street Address: _______________________________________________________________________________________________ State: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Zip Code: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Telephone: __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Fax: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ E-mail: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Is there anyone else, either within your agency or in another agency or jurisdiction, who is actively using illuminated, active in-pavement marker systems that we should contact?  Yes  No If yes, please provide contact information. _______________________________________________________________________ TELL US ABOUT THE USE OF ILLUMINATED, ACTIVE IN-PAVEMENT MARKER SYSTEMS IN YOUR <STATE> <LOCALE> 2. In your <state> <locale>, have illuminated, active in-pavement marker systems been used at any of the following locations? (Check all that apply.)  Yes  No Intersection stop bars  Yes  No Multiple-turn lanes  Yes  No Merging areas  Yes  No Freight rail/light rail crossings or guideways  Yes  No Truck inspection points  Yes  No Tunnels  Yes  No Curves  Yes  No Restricted/emergency use lanes  Yes  No Variable-width lanes (e.g., narrowing lane widths to increase capacity)  Yes  No Adverse weather areas  Yes  No Construction zones  Yes  No Environmentally sensitive areas (e.g., replacing or supplementing street lighting)  Yes  No Other ______________________________________________________________________________ 48

49 For each “yes” indicated above and each unique location of installation, respondents will be asked to complete the following set of questions related to facility characteristics, technology type and characteristics, installation/construction methods, operation, maintenance, costs, and benefits. INTERSECTION STOP BARS You have indicated that IPMs have been used at intersection stop bars in your <state> <locale>. You will have the opportunity to describe each of the intersection stop bars in your <state> <locale> equipped with IPMs. Considering one location at a time, please provide the following information. Location #1 Facility Characteristics 1. ISB1 Can you provide a brief description of the intersection stop-bar location (i.e., street name, street intersection, city, etc.)? 2. ISB1 Is the roadway facility constructed of  concrete or  asphalt at the intersection stop-bar location? 3. ISB1 How many total intersection legs exist at the intersection stop-bar location? 4. ISB1 How many intersection legs are equipped with IPMs? 5. ISB1 How many approach lanes exist at the intersection stop-bar location? 6. ISB1 What is the average approach volume for the roadway at the intersection stop-bar location? 7. ISB1 What is the posted speed limit for the roadway at the intersection stop-bar location? 8. ISB1 When was the application deployed and activated? 9. ISB1 Is the IPM still active? If not, when was it removed or deactivated? Technology Type and Characteristics 10. ISB1 Who is the manufacturer of the IPM at this location? 11. ISB1 What is the size/shape of the individual markers? 12. ISB1 Is the method of illumination  LED or  other? 13. ISB1 What is the illumination output or angle? 14. ISB1 What marker colors are used?  White  Green  Red  Blue  Yellow  Other 15. ISB1 Are the colors  static or  dynamically sequenced? 16. ISB1 Is the  illumination static or  flashing? If flashing, what flash rate is used? 17. ISB1 If multiple rows of pavement markers were used, was the layout aligned (:::) or alternating (....)? 18. ISB1 Is the power source  solar,  hardwired, or  battery only? 19. ISB1 Is the communication method  wireline or  wireless? 20. ISB1 What is the age of the technology? 21. ISB1 Are the markers mounted  in-ground, top flush with the pavement,  protruding from the surface of the pavement, or  other? Installation and Construction Methods 22. ISB1 When first installing the IPM at this location, did you follow any design standards and specifications (i.e., MUTCD), special provisions, standard drawings/details, or supplemental policies and guidance?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 23. ISB1 Was the wiring placed using  underground conduit,  pavement saw cut, or  other? 24. ISB1 In your opinion, do you think that the installation and construction methods used were adequate to ensure successful system performance?  Yes  No If no, please explain. Operation 25. ISB1 Is the IPM at this location operated  on-demand,  during the daytime only,  during the nighttime only,  continuously, or  other? 26. ISB1 What is the method of activation?  Passive detection (e.g., microwave, motion sensors, video detection, light trip beam)  Activation by RWIS or speed sensors  Integration with traffic control devices  Other 27. ISB1 Does the IPM provide or supplement a regulatory function?  Yes  No If yes, are violations of the IPM actively enforced?  Yes  No

Maintenance 28. ISB1 Which, if any, type(s) of failure did you experience with the IPM at this location?  Individual LED failure  Cracking  Marker came free from pavement  Flicker/loose connection  Power system  No failures 29. ISB1 What are the measured failure rates (if available) for the IPM at this location? 30. ISB1 What is the method of notification if a failure is detected?  Automatic feedback from the IPM  Public input  Observation/inspection by your agency  Other 31. ISB1 In your opinion, how would you rate the durability of the IPM at this location?  Very good  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 32. ISB1 In your opinion, how would you rate the adhesion of the IPM at this location?  Very good  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 33. ISB1 Please describe any other maintenance issues related to the IPM at this location. Costs 34. ISB1 What were the initial costs of the IPM at this location including hardware and installation? 35. ISB1 What are the ongoing annual costs of the IPM at this location including operation and maintenance? Benefits 36. ISB1 In your opinion, has the IPM at this location improved the operation of the facility?  Yes  No 37. ISB1 Has the IPM at this location resulted in any unexpected operational challenges?  Yes  No If yes, please describe? 38. ISB1 Have these unexpected changes in operations been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 39. ISB1 In your opinion, has the IPM at this location improved the safety of the facility?  Yes  No 40. ISB1 Has the IPM at this location resulted in any unexpected safety challenges (i.e., sudden braking, changes is crash patterns or types)?  Yes  No If yes, please describe? 41. ISB1 Have these suspected changes in safety been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 42. ISB1 Has improper activation of the IPM at this location posed any challenges? Is there another intersection stop-bar location that you’d like to describe? If yes, respondent is returned to Question 1. ISB1 (which is now 1. ISB2 for location 2) under Facility Characteristics and asked to complete all 42 questions for the second location. If no, respondent is directed to a set of similar questions for new application type. MULTIPLE-TURN LANES You have indicated that illuminated, active in-pavement marker systems have been used at multiple-turn lane locations in your <state> <locale>. You will have the opportunity to describe each of the multiple-turn lane locations in your <state> <locale> equipped with illuminated, active in-pavement marker systems. Considering one location at a time, please provide the following information. Location #1 Facility Characteristics 1. MTL1 Can you provide a brief description of the multiple-turn lane location (i.e., street name, street intersection, city, etc.)? 2. MTL1 Is the roadway facility constructed of  concrete or  asphalt at the multiple-turn lane location? 3. MTL1 How many multiple-turn lanes exist at this location? 4. MTL1 Is the turning movement to the  left or to the  right? 5. MTL1 What is the lane width in feet at the multiple-turn lane location? 6. MTL1 What is the average approach volume for the roadway at the multiple-turn lane location? 7. MTL1 What is the posted speed limit for the roadway at the multiple-turn lane location? 50

51 Technology Type and Characteristics 8. MTL1 Who is the manufacturer of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location? 9. MTL1 What is the size/shape of the individual markers? 10. MTL1 Is the method of illumination  LED or  other? 11. MTL1 What is the illumination output or angle? 12. MTL1 What marker colors are used?  White  Green  Red  Blue  Yellow  Other 13. MTL1 Are the colors  static or  dynamically sequenced? 14. MTL1 Is the  illumination static or  flashing? If flashing, what flash rate is used? 15. MTL1 If multiple rows of pavement markers were used, was the layout aligned (:::) or alternating (....)? 16. MTL1 Is the power source  solar,  wired, or  battery only? 17. MTL1 Is the communications method  wireline or  wireless? 18. MTL1 What is the age of the technology? 19. MTL1 Are the markers mounted  in-ground flush with the pavement,  on the surface of the pavement, or  other? Installation and Construction Methods 20. MTL1 When first installing the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, did you follow any design standards and specifications (i.e., MUTCD), special provisions, standard drawings/details, supplemental policies and guidance?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 21. MTL1 Was the wiring placed using  underground conduit,  pavement saw cut, or  other? 22. MTL1 In your opinion, do you feel that the installation and construction methods used were adequate to ensure successful system performance? Operation 23. MTL1 Is the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location operated  on-demand,  during the daytime only,  during the nighttime only,  continuously, or  other? 24. MTL1 What is the method of activation?  Passive detection (e.g., microwave, motion sensors, video detection, light trip beam)  Activation by RWIS or speed sensors  Integration with traffic control devices  Other 25. MTL1 Is this location actively enforced?  Yes  No Maintenance 26. MTL1 Which, if any, type(s) of failure did you experience with the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Individual LED failure  Cracking  Marker came free from pavement  Flicker/loose connection  Power system 27. MTL1 What are the measured failure rates (if available) for the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location? 28. MTL1 Describe the method of notification if a failure is detected? 29. MTL1 In your opinion, how would you rate the durability of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Very good  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 30. MTL1 In your opinion, how would you rate the adhesion of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Very good  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 31. MTL1 Please describe any other maintenance issues related to the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location. Costs 32. MTL1 What were the initial costs of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, including hardware and installation? 33. MTL1 What are the ongoing annual costs of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, including operation and maintenance? Benefits 34. MTL1 In your opinion, has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location improved the operation of the facility?  Yes  No 35. MTL1 Has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location resulted in any unexpected operational challenges?  Yes  No If yes, please describe?

36. MTL1 Have these suspected changes in operations been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 37. MTL1 In your opinion, has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location improved the safety of the facility?  Yes  No 38. MTL1 Has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location resulted in any unexpected safety challenges (i.e., sudden braking)?  Yes  No If yes, please describe? 39. MTL1 Have these suspected changes in safety been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 40. MTL1 Has improper activation of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location posed any challenges? Is there another multiple-turn lane location that you would like to describe? If yes, respondent is returned to Question 1. MTL1 (which is now 1. MTL2 for location 2) under Facility Characteristics and asked to complete all 40 questions for the second location. If no, respondent is directed to set of similar questions for new applica- tion type. MERGING AREAS You have indicated that illuminated, active in-pavement marker systems have been used at merging areas in your <state> <locale>. You will have the opportunity to describe each of the merging areas in your <state> <locale> equipped with illuminated, active in-pavement marker systems. Considering one location at a time, please provide the following information. Location #1 Facility Characteristics 1. MA1 Can you provide a brief description of the merging area location (i.e., entrance/exit ramp, interchange, city, etc.)? 2. MA1 Is the roadway facility constructed of  concrete or  asphalt at the merging area location? 3. MA1 How many total roadway lanes (including both directions) exist at the merging area location? 4. MA1 What is the total length of the merging area in feet? 5. MA1 What is the average annual daily traffic (AADT) for the roadway at the merging area location? 6. MA1 Is the primary merging activity to the  left,  right, or  both? 7. MA1 What is the posted speed limit for the roadway at the merging area location? Technology Type and Characteristics 8. MA1 Who is the manufacturer of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location? 9. MA1 What is the size/shape of the individual markers? 10. MA1 Is the method of illumination  LED or  other? 11. MA1 What is the illumination output or angle? 12. MA1 What marker colors are used?  White  Green  Red  Blue  Yellow  Other 13. MA1 Are the colors  static or  dynamically sequenced? 14. MA1 Is the illumination  static or  flashing? If flashing, what flash rate is used? 15. MA1 If multiple rows of pavement markers were used, was the layout aligned (:::) or alternating (....)? 16. MA1 Is the power source  solar,  wired, or  battery only? 17. MA1 Is the communications method  wireline or  wireless? 18. MA1 What is the age of the technology? 19. MA1 Are the markers mounted  in-ground flush with the pavement,  on the surface of the pavement, or  other? Installation and Construction Methods 20. MA1 When first installing the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, did you follow any design standards and specifications (i.e., MUTCD), special provisions, standard drawings/details, or supplemental policies and guidance?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 21. MA1 Was the wiring run using  underground conduit,  pavement saw cut, or  other? 52

53 22. MA1 In your opinion, do you think that the installation and construction methods used were adequate to ensure successful system performance? Operation 23. MA1 Is the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location operated  on-demand,  during the daytime only,  during the nighttime only,  continuously, or  other? 24. MA1 What is the method of activation?  Passive detection (e.g., microwave, motion sensors, video detection, light trip beam)  Activation by RWIS or speed sensors  Integration with traffic control devices  Other 25. MA1 Is this location actively enforced?  Yes  No Maintenance 26. MA1 Which, if any, type(s) of failure did you experience with the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Individual LED failure  Cracking  Marker came free from pavement,  Flicker/loose connection  Power system 27. MA1 What are the measured failure rates (if available) for the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location? 28. MA1 Describe the method of notification if a failure is detected? 29. MA1 In your opinion, how would you rate the durability of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Very good  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 30. MA1 In your opinion, how would you rate the adhesion of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Very good  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 31. MA1 Please describe any other maintenance issues related to the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location. Costs 32. MA1 What were the initial costs of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, including hardware and installation? 33. MA1 What are the ongoing annual costs of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, including operation and maintenance? Benefits 34. MA1 In your opinion, has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location improved the operation of the facility?  Yes  No 35. MA1 Has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location resulted in any unexpected operational challenges?  Yes  No If yes, please describe? 36. MA1 Have these suspected changes in operations been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 37. MA1 In your opinion, has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location improved the safety of the facility?  Yes  No 38. MA1 Has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location resulted in any unexpected safety challenges (i.e., sudden braking)?  Yes  No If yes, please describe? 39. MA1 Have these suspected changes in safety been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 40. MA1 Has improper activation of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location posed any challenges? Is there another merging area location that you would like to describe? If yes, respondent is returned to Question 1. MA1 (which is now 1. MA2 for location 2) under Facility Characteristics and asked to complete all 40 questions for the second location. If no, respondent is directed to set of similar questions for new application type. RAIL CROSSING OR RAIL GUIDEWAY You have indicated that illuminated, active in-pavement marker systems have been used at rail crossing locations in your <state> <locale>. You will have the opportunity to describe each of the rail crossing locations in your <state> <locale> equipped with illuminated, active in-pavement marker systems. Considering one location at a time, please provide the following information.

Location #1 Facility Characteristics 1. RC1 Can you provide a brief description of the rail crossing or guideway location (i.e., street name, street intersection, city, etc.)? 2. RC1 Is the roadway facility constructed of  concrete or  asphalt at the rail crossing or guideway location? 3. RC1 How many total roadway lanes (including both directions) exist at the rail crossing or guideway location? 4. RC1 What is the total length of the rail crossing (i.e., width of roadway including lane, shoulder, and median widths) or rail guideway in feet? 5. RC1 What is the average annual daily traffic (AADT) for the roadway at the rail crossing or guideway location? 6. RC1 What is the train volume for this crossing or guideway location? 7. RC1 What is the posted speed limit for the roadway at the rail crossing or guideway location? Technology Type and Characteristics 8. RC1 Who is the manufacturer of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location? 9. RC1 What is the size/shape of the individual markers? 10. RC1 Is the method of illumination  LED or  other? 11. RC1 What is the illumination output or angle? 12. RC1 What marker colors are used?  White  Green  Red  Blue  Yellow  Other 13. RC1 Are the colors  static or  dynamically sequenced? 14. RC1 Is the illumination  static or  flashing? If flashing, what flash rate is used? 15. RC1 If multiple rows of pavement markers were used, was the layout aligned (:::) or alternating (....)? 16. RC1 Is the power source  solar,  wired, or  battery only? 17. RC1 Is the communications method  wireline or  wireless? 18. RC1 What is the age of the technology? 19. RC1 Are the markers mounted  in-ground flush with the pavement,  on the surface of the pavement, or  other? Installation and Construction Methods 20. RC1 When first installing the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, did you follow any design standards and specifications (i.e., MUTCD), special provisions, standard drawings/details, or supplemental policies and guidance?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 21. RC1 Was the wiring run using  underground conduit,  pavement saw cut, or  other? 22. RC1 In your opinion, do you think that the installation and construction methods used were adequate to ensure successful system performance? Operation 23. RC1 Is the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location operated  on-demand,  during the daytime only,  during the nighttime only,  continuously, or  other? 24. RC1 What is the method of activation?  Passive detection (e.g., microwave, motion sensors, video detection, light trip beam)  RWIS or speed sensors  Integration with traffic control devices  Other 25. RC1 Is this location actively enforced?  Yes  No Maintenance 26. RC1 Which, if any, type(s) of failure did you experience with the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Individual LED failure  Cracking  Marker came free from pavement  Flicker/loose connection  Power system 27. RC1 What are the measured failure rates (if available) for the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location? 28. RC1 Describe the method of notification if a failure is detected? 29. RC1 In your opinion, how would you rate the durability of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Very good  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 30. RC1 In your opinion, how would you rate the adhesion of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Very good  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 31. RC1 Please describe any other maintenance issues related to the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location. 54

55 Costs 32. RC1 What were the initial costs of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, including hardware and installation? 33. RC1 What are the ongoing annual costs of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, including operation and maintenance? Benefits 34. RC1 In your opinion, has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location improved the operation of the facility?  Yes  No 35. RC1 Has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location resulted in any unexpected operational challenges?  Yes  No If yes, please describe? 36. RC1 Have these suspected changes in operations been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 37. RC1 In your opinion, has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location improved the safety of the facility?  Yes  No 38. RC1 Has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location resulted in any unexpected safety challenges (i.e., sudden braking)?  Yes  No If yes, please describe? 39. RC1 Have these suspected changes in safety been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 40. RC1 Has improper activation of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location posed any challenges? Is there another rail crossing location that you would like to describe? If yes, respondent is returned to Question 1. RC1 (which is now 1 RC2 for location 2) under Facility Characteristics and asked to complete all 40 questions for the second location. If no, respondent is directed to set of similar questions for new application type. TRUCK INSPECTION POINTS You have indicated that illuminated, active in-pavement marker systems have been used at truck inspection points in your <state> <locale>. You will have the opportunity to describe each of the truck inspection points in your <state> <locale> equipped with illumi- nated, active in-pavement marker systems. Considering one location at a time, please provide the following information. Location #1 Facility Characteristics 1. TIP1 Can you provide a brief description of the truck inspection location (i.e., interchange, city, etc.)? 2. TIP1 Is the roadway facility constructed of  concrete or  asphalt at the truck inspection location? 3. TIP1 How many total roadway lanes (including both directions) exist at the truck inspection location? 4. TIP1 What is the total length of the truck inspection area in feet? 5. TIP1 What is the average annual daily traffic (AADT) for the roadway at the truck inspection location? 6. TIP1 What is the truck volume at this location? 7. TIP1 What is the posted speed limit for the roadway at the truck inspection location? Technology Type and Characteristics 8. TIP1 Who is the manufacturer of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location? 9. TIP1 What is the size/shape of the individual markers? 10. TIP1 Is the method of illumination  LED or  other? 11. TIP1 What is the illumination output or angle? 12. TIP1 What marker colors are used?  White  Green  Red  Blue  Yellow  Other 13. TIP1 Are the colors  static or  dynamically sequenced? 14. TIP1 Is the illumination  static or  flashing? If flashing, what flash rate is used? 15. TIP1 If multiple rows of pavement markers were used, was the layout aligned (:::) or alternating (....)? 16. TIP1 Is the power source  solar,  wired, or  battery only? 17. TIP1 Is the communications method  wireline or  wireless?

18. TIP1 What is the age of the technology? 19. TIP1 Are the markers mounted  in-ground flush with the pavement,  on the surface of the pavement or  other? Installation and Construction Methods 20. TIP1 When first installing the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, did you follow any design standards and specifications (i.e., MUTCD), special provisions, standard drawings/details, or supplemental policies and guidance?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 21. TIP1 Was the wiring run using  underground conduit,  pavement saw cut, or  other? 22. TIP1 In your opinion, do you think that the installation and construction methods used were adequate to ensure successful system performance? Operation 23. TIP1 Is the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location operated  on-demand,  during the daytime only,  during the nighttime only,  continuously, or  other? 24. TIP1 What is the method of activation?  Passive detection (e.g., microwave, motion sensors, video detection, light trip beam)  RWIS or speed sensors  Integration with traffic control devices  Other 25. TIP1 Is this location actively enforced?  Yes  No Maintenance 26. TIP1 Which, if any, type(s) of failure did you experience with the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Individual LED failure  Cracking  Marker came free from pavement  Flicker/loose connection  Power system 27. TIP1 What are the measured failure rates (if available) for the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location? 28. TIP1 Describe the method of notification if a failure is detected? 29. TIP1 In your opinion, how would you rate the durability of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Very good  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 30. TIP1 In your opinion, how would you rate the adhesion of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Very good  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 31. TIP1 Please describe any other maintenance issues related to the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location. Costs 32. TIP1 What were the initial costs of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, including hardware and installation? 33. TIP1 What are the ongoing annual costs of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, including operation and maintenance? Benefits 34. TIP1 In your opinion, has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location improved the operation of the facility?  Yes  No 35. TIP1 Has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location resulted in any unexpected operational challenges?  Yes  No If yes, please describe? 36. TIP1 Have these suspected changes in operations been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 37. TIP1 In your opinion, has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location improved the safety of the facility?  Yes  No 38. TIP1 Has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location resulted in any unexpected safety challenges (i.e., sudden braking)?  Yes  No If yes, please describe? 39. TIP1 Have these suspected changes in safety been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 40. TIP1 Has improper activation of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location posed any challenges? Is there another truck inspection point location that you would like to describe? 56

57 If yes, respondent is returned to Question 1. TIP1 (which is now 1. TIP2 for location 2) under Facility Characteristics and asked to complete all 40 questions for the second location. If no, respondent is directed to set of similar questions for new application type. TUNNELS You have indicated that illuminated, active in-pavement marker systems have been used for tunnels in your <state> <locale>. You will have the opportunity to describe each of the tunnels in your <state> <locale> equipped with illuminated, active in-pavement marker systems. Con- sidering one location at a time, please provide the following information. Location #1 Facility Characteristics 1. T1 Can you provide a brief description of the tunnel location (i.e., tunnel name, intersection, city, etc.)? 2. T1 Is the roadway facility constructed of  concrete or  asphalt at the tunnel location? 3. T1 How many total roadway lanes (including both directions) exist at the tunnel location? 4. T1 What is the total length of the tunnel in feet? 5. T1 What is the average annual daily traffic (AADT) for the roadway at the tunnel location? 6. T1 What is the lane width in feet at the tunnel location? 7. T1 What is the posted speed limit for the roadway at the tunnel location? Technology Type and Characteristics 8. T1 Who is the manufacturer of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location? 9. T1 What is the size/shape of the individual markers? 10. T1 Is the method of illumination  LED or  other? 11. T1 What is the illumination output or angle? 12. T1 What marker colors are used?  White  Green  Red  Blue  Yellow  Other 13. T1 Are the colors  static or  dynamically sequenced? 14. T1 Is the illumination  static or  flashing? If flashing, what flash rate is used? 15. T1 If multiple rows of pavement markers were used, was the layout aligned (:::) or alternating (....)? 16. T1 Is the power source  solar,  wired, or  battery only? 17. T1 Is the communications method  wireline or  wireless? 18. T1 What is the age of the technology? 19. T1 Are the markers mounted  in-ground flush with the pavement,  on the surface of the pavement, or  other? Installation and Construction Methods 20. T1 When first installing the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, did you follow any design standards and specifications (i.e., MUTCD), special provisions, standard drawings/details, or supplemental policies and guidance?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 21. T1 Was the wiring run using  underground conduit,  pavement saw cut, or  other? 22. T1 In your opinion, do you think that the installation and construction methods used were adequate to ensure successful system performance? Operation 23. T1 Is the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location operated  on-demand,  during the daytime only,  during the nighttime only,  continuously, or  other? 24. T1 What is the method of activation?  Passive detection (e.g., microwave, motion sensors, video detection, light trip beam)  RWIS or speed sensors,  Integration with traffic control devices  Other 25. T1 Is this location actively enforced?  Yes  No Maintenance 26. T1 Which, if any, type(s) of failure did you experience with the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Individual LED failure  Cracking  Marker came free from pavement  Flicker/loose connection  Power system 27. T1 What are the measured failure rates (if available) for the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location? 28. T1 Describe the method of notification if a failure is detected?

29. T1 In your opinion, how would you rate the durability of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Very good  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 30. T1 In your opinion, how would you rate the adhesion of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Very good  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 31. T1 Please describe any other maintenance issues related to the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location. Costs 32. T1 What were the initial costs of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, including hardware and installation? 33. T1 What are the ongoing annual costs of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, including operation and maintenance? Benefits 34. T1 In your opinion, has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location improved the operation of the facility?  Yes  No 35. T1 Has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location resulted in any unexpected operational challenges?  Yes  No If yes, please describe? 36. T1 Have these suspected changes in operations been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 37. T1 In your opinion, has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location improved the safety of the facility?  Yes  No 38. T1 Has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location resulted in any unexpected safety challenges (i.e., sudden braking)?  Yes  No If yes, please describe? 39. T1 Have these suspected changes in safety been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 40. T1 Has improper activation of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location posed any challenges? Is there another tunnel location that you would like to describe? If yes, respondent is returned to Question 1. T1 (which is now 1. T2 for location 2) under Facility Characteristics and asked to complete all 40 questions for the second location. If no, respondent is directed to set of similar questions for new application type. CURVES You have indicated that illuminated, active in-pavement marker systems have been used at curves in your <state> <locale>. You will have the opportunity to describe each of the curves in your <state> <locale> equipped with illuminated, active in-pavement marker systems. Considering one location at a time, please provide the following information. Location #1 Facility Characteristics 1. C1 Can you provide a brief description of the curve location (i.e., roadway mile marker, city, etc.)? 2. C1 Is the roadway facility constructed of  concrete or  asphalt at the curve location? 3. C1 How many total roadway lanes (including both directions) exist at the curve location? 4. C1 What is the total length of the curve in feet? 5. C1 What is the degree of curvature of the curve? 6. C1 What is the average annual daily traffic (AADT) for the roadway at the curve location? 7. C1 What is the posted speed limit for the roadway at the curve location? Technology Type and Characteristics 8. C1 Who is the manufacturer of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location? 9. C1 What is the size/shape of the individual markers? 10. C1 Is the method of illumination  LED or  other? 11. C1 What is the illumination output or angle? 58

59 12. C1 What marker colors are used?  White  Green  Red  Blue  Yellow  Other 13. C1 Are the colors  static or  dynamically sequenced? 14. C1 Is the illumination  static or  flashing? If flashing, what flash rate is used? 15. C1 If multiple rows of pavement markers were used, was the layout aligned (:::) or alternating (....)? 16. C1 Is the power source  solar,  wired, or  battery only? 17. C1 Is the communications method  wireline or  wireless? 18. C1 What is the age of the technology? 19. C1 Are the markers mounted  in-ground flush with the pavement,  on the surface of the pavement, or  other? Installation and Construction Methods 20. C1 When first installing the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, did you follow any design standards and specifications (i.e., MUTCD), special provisions, standard drawings/details, or supplemental policies and guidance?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 21. C1 Was the wiring run using  underground conduit,  pavement saw cut, or  other? 22. C1 In your opinion, do you think that the installation and construction methods used were adequate to ensure successful system performance? Operation 23. C1 Is the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location operated  on-demand,  during the daytime only,  during the nighttime only,  continuously, or  other? 24. C1 What is the method of activation?  Passive detection (e.g., microwave, motion sensors, video detection, light trip beam),  RWIS or speed sensors,  Integration with traffic control devices, or  Other 25. C1 Is this location actively enforced?  Yes  No Maintenance 26. C1 Which, if any, type(s) of failure did you experience with the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Individual LED failure  Cracking  Marker came free from pavement  Flicker/loose connection  Power system 27. C1 What are the measured failure rates (if available) for the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location? 28. C1 Describe the method of notification if a failure is detected? 29. C1 In your opinion, how would you rate the durability of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Very good,  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 30. C1 In your opinion, how would you rate the adhesion of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Very good  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 31. C1 Please describe any other maintenance issues related to the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location. Costs 32. C1 What were the initial costs of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, including hardware and installation? 33. C1 What are the ongoing annual costs of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, including operation and maintenance? Benefits 34. C1 In your opinion, has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location improved the operation of the facility?  Yes  No 35. C1 Has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location resulted in any unexpected operational challenges?  Yes  No If yes, please describe? 36. C1 Have these suspected changes in operations been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 37. C1 In your opinion, has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location improved the safety of the facility?  Yes  No 38. C1 Has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location resulted in any unexpected safety challenges (i.e., sudden braking)?  Yes  No If yes, please describe?

39. C1 Have these suspected changes in safety been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 40. C1 Has improper activation of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location posed any challenges? Is there another curve location that you would like to describe? If yes, respondent is returned to Question 1. C1 (which is now 1. C2 for location 2) under Facility Characteristics and asked to complete all 40 questions for the second location. If no, respondent is directed to set of similar questions for new application type. RESTRICTED/EMERGENCY USE LANES You have indicated that illuminated, active in-pavement marker systems have been used on restricted/emergency use lanes in your <state> <locale>. You will have the opportunity to describe each of the restricted/emergency use lanes in your <state> <locale> equipped with illu- minated, active in-pavement marker systems. Considering one location at a time, please provide the following information. Location #1 Facility Characteristics 1. REU1 Can you provide a brief description of the restricted/emergency use lane location (i.e., roadway, interchange, city, etc.)? 2. REU1 Is the roadway facility constructed of  concrete or  asphalt at the restricted/emergency use lane location? 3. REU1 How many total roadway lanes (including both directions) exist at the restricted/emergency use lane location? 4. REU1 What is the total length of the restricted/emergency use lane in feet? 5. REU1 What is the average annual daily traffic (AADT) for the roadway at the restricted/emergency use lane location? 6. REU1 What is the nature of the restriction at this location?  Emergency use only  Peak period use by select vehicles  Directional use by time of day  Other 7. REU1 What is the posted speed limit for the roadway at the restricted/emergency use lane location? Technology Type and Characteristics 8. REU1 Who is the manufacturer of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location? 9. REU1 What is the size/shape of the individual markers? 10. REU1 Is the method of illumination  LED or  other? 11. REU1 What is the illumination output or angle? 12. REU1 What marker colors are used?  White  Green  Red  Blue  Yellow  Other 13. REU1 Are the colors  static or  dynamically sequenced? 14. REU1 Is the illumination  static or  flashing? If flashing, what flash rate is used? 15. REU1 If multiple rows of pavement markers were used, was the layout aligned (:::) or alternating (....)? 16. REU1 Is the power source  solar,  wired, or  battery only? 17. REU1 Is the communications method  wireline or  wireless? 18. REU1 What is the age of the technology? 19. REU1 Are the markers mounted  in-ground flush with the pavement,  on the surface of the pavement, or  other? Installation and Construction Methods 20. REU1 When first installing the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, did you follow any design standards and specifications (i.e., MUTCD), special provisions, standard drawings/details, or supplemental policies and guidance?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 21. REU1 Was the wiring run using  underground conduit,  pavement saw cut, or  other? 22. REU1 In your opinion, do you think that the installation and construction methods used were adequate to ensure successful system performance? Operation 23. REU1 Is the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location operated  on-demand,  during the daytime only,  during the nighttime only,  continuously, or  other? 24. REU1 What is the method of activation?  Passive detection (e.g., microwave, motion sensors, video detection, light trip beam)  RWIS or speed sensors  Integration with traffic control devices  Other 25. REU1 Is this location actively enforced?  Yes  No 60

61 Maintenance 26. REU1 Which, if any, type(s) of failure did you experience with the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Individual LED failure  Cracking  Marker came free from pavement  Flicker/loose connection  Power system 27. REU1 What are the measured failure rates (if available) for the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location? 28. REU1 Describe the method of notification if a failure is detected? 29. REU1 In your opinion, how would you rate the durability of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Very good  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 30. REU1 In your opinion, how would you rate the adhesion of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Very good  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 31. REU1 Please describe any other maintenance issues related to the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location. Costs 32. REU1 What were the initial costs of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, including hardware and installation? 33. REU1 What are the ongoing annual costs of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, including operation and maintenance? Benefits 34. REU1 In your opinion, has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location improved the operation of the facility?  Yes  No 35. REU1 Has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location resulted in any unexpected operational challenges?  Yes  No If yes, please describe? 36. REU1 Have these suspected changes in operations been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 37. REU1 In your opinion, has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location improved the safety of the facility?  Yes  No 38. REU1 Has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location resulted in any unexpected safety challenges (i.e., sudden braking)?  Yes  No If yes, please describe? 39. REU1 Have these suspected changes in safety been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 40. REU1 Has improper activation of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location posed any challenges? Is there another restricted/emergency use lane location that you would like to describe? If yes, respondent is returned to Question 1. REU1 (which is now 1 REU2 for location 2) under Facility Characteristics and asked to complete all 40 questions for the second location. If no, respondent is directed to set of similar questions for new application type. VARIABLE-WIDTH LANES (e.g., narrowing lane widths to increase capacity) You have indicated that illuminated, active in-pavement marker systems have been used for variable lane widths in your <state> <locale>. You will have the opportunity to describe each of the variable lane width locations in your <state> <locale> equipped with illuminated, ac- tive in-pavement marker systems. Considering one location at a time, please provide the following information. Location #1 Facility Characteristics 1. VW1 Can you provide a brief description of the variable-width lane location (i.e., street name, street intersection, city, etc.)? 2. VW1 Is the roadway facility constructed of  concrete or  asphalt at the variable-width lane location? 3. VW1 How many total roadway lanes (including both directions) exist at the variable-width lane location under the standard lane configuration? 4. VW1 How many total roadway lanes (including both directions) exist at the variable-width lane location under the narrowed lane configuration?

5. VW1 What is the total length of the variable-width lane in feet? 6. VW1 What is the average annual daily traffic (AADT) for the roadway at the variable-width lane location? 7. VW1 What is the posted speed limit for the roadway at the variable-width lane location? Technology Type and Characteristics 8. VW1 Who is the manufacturer of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location? 9. VW1 What is the size/shape of the individual markers? 10. VW1 Is the method of illumination  LED or  other? 11. VW1 What is the illumination output or angle? 12. VW1 What marker colors are used?  White  Green  Red  Blue  Yellow  Other 13. VW1 Are the colors  static or  dynamically sequenced? 14. VW1 Is the illumination  static or  flashing? If flashing, what flash rate is used? 15. VW1 If multiple rows of pavement markers were used, was the layout aligned (:::) or alternating (....)? 16. VW1 Is the power source  solar,  wired, or  battery only? 17. VW1 Is the communications method  wireline or  wireless? 18. VW1 What is the age of the technology? 19. VW1 Are the markers mounted  in-ground flush with the pavement,  on the surface of the pavement, or  other? Installation and Construction Methods 20. VW1 When first installing the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, did you follow any design standards and specifications (i.e., MUTCD), special provisions, standard drawings/details, or supplemental policies and guidance?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 21. VW1 Was the wiring run using  underground conduit,  pavement saw cut, or  other? 22. VW1 In your opinion, do you think that the installation and construction methods used were adequate to ensure successful system performance? Operation 23. VW1 Is the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location operated  on-demand,  during the daytime only,  during the nighttime only,  continuously, or  other? 24. VW1 What is the method of activation?  Passive detection (e.g., microwave, motion sensors, video detection, light trip beam)  RWIS or speed sensors  Integration with traffic control devices  Other 25. VW1 Is this location actively enforced?  Yes or  No Maintenance 26. VW1 Which, if any, type(s) of failure did you experience with the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Individual LED failure  Cracking  Marker came free from pavement  Flicker/loose connection  Power system 27. VW1 What are the measured failure rates (if available) for the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location? 28. VW1 Describe the method of notification if a failure is detected? 29. VW1 In your opinion, how would you rate the durability of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Very good  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 30. VW1 In your opinion, how would you rate the adhesion of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Very good  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 31. VW1 Please describe any other maintenance issues related to the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location. Costs 32. VW1 What were the initial costs of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, including hardware and installation? 33. VW1 What are the ongoing annual costs of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, including operation and maintenance? Benefits 34. VW1 In your opinion, has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location improved the operation of the facility?  Yes  No 62

63 35. VW1 Has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location resulted in any unexpected operational challenges?  Yes  No If yes, please describe? 36. VW1 Have these suspected changes in operations been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 37. VW1 In your opinion, has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location improved the safety of the facility?  Yes  No 38. VW1 Has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location resulted in any unexpected safety challenges (i.e., sudden braking)?  Yes  No If yes, please describe? 39. VW1 Have these suspected changes in safety been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 40. VW1 Has improper activation of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location posed any challenges? Is there another variable-width lane location that you would like to describe? If yes, respondent is returned to Question 1. VW1 (which is now 1. VW2 for location 2) under Facility Characteristics and asked to complete all 40 questions for the second location. If no, respondent is directed to set of similar questions for new application type. ADVERSE WEATHER AREAS You have indicated that illuminated, active in-pavement marker systems have been used at adverse weather areas in your <state> <locale>. You will have the opportunity to describe each of the adverse weather areas in your <state> <locale> equipped with illuminated, active in-pavement marker systems. Considering one location at a time, please provide the following information. Location #1 Facility Characteristics 1. AW1 Can you provide a brief description of the adverse weather location (i.e., roadway, mile-post range, city, etc.)? 2. AW1 Is the roadway facility constructed of  concrete or  asphalt at the adverse weather location? 3. AW1 How many total roadway lanes (including both directions) exist at the adverse weather location? 4. AW1 What is the total length of the adverse weather location in miles? 5. AW1 What is the average annual daily traffic (AADT) for the roadway at the adverse weather location? 6. AW1 What is the nature of the adverse weather?  Fog  Rain  Smoke  Other 7. AW1 What is the posted speed limit for the roadway at the adverse weather location? Technology Type and Characteristics 8. AW1 Who is the manufacturer of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location? 9. AW1 What is the size/shape of the individual markers? 10. AW1 Is the method of illumination  LED or  other? 11. AW1 What is the illumination output or angle? 12. AW1 What marker colors are used?  White  Green  Red  Blue  Yellow  Other 13. AW1 Are the colors  static or  dynamically sequenced? 14. AW1 Is the illumination  static or  flashing? If flashing, what flash rate is used? 15. AW1 If multiple rows of pavement markers were used, was the layout aligned (:::) or alternating (....)? 16. AW1 Is the power source  solar,  wired, or  battery only? 17. AW1 Is the communications method  wireline or  wireless? 18. AW1 What is the age of the technology? 19. AW1 Are the markers mounted  in-ground flush with the pavement,  on the surface of the pavement, or  other? Installation and Construction Methods 20. AW1 When first installing the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, did you follow any design standards and specifications (i.e., MUTCD), special provisions, standard drawings/details, or supplemental policies and guidance?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 21. AW1 Was the wiring run using  underground conduit,  pavement saw cut, or  other?

22. AW1 In your opinion, do you think that the installation and construction methods used were adequate to ensure successful system performance? Operation 23. AW1 Is the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location operated  on-demand,  during the daytime only,  during the nighttime only,  continuously, or  other? 24. AW1 What is the method of activation?  Passive detection (e.g., microwave, motion sensors, video detection, light trip beam)  RWIS or speed sensors  Integration with traffic control devices  Other 25. AW1 Is this location actively enforced?  Yes  No Maintenance 26. AW1 Which, if any, type(s) of failure did you experience with the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Individual LED failure  Cracking  Marker came free from pavement  Flicker/loose connection  Power system 27. AW1 What are the measured failure rates (if available) for the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location? 28. AW1 Describe the method of notification if a failure is detected? 29. AW1 In your opinion, how would you rate the durability of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Very good  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 30. AW1 In your opinion, how would you rate the adhesion of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Very good  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 31. AW1 Please describe any other maintenance issues related to the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location. Costs 32. AW1 What were the initial costs of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, including hardware and installation? 33. AW1 What are the ongoing annual costs of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, including operation and maintenance? Benefits 34. AW1 In your opinion, has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location improved the operation of the facility?  Yes  No 35. AW1 Has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location resulted in any unexpected operational challenges?  Yes  No If yes, please describe? 36. AW1 Have these suspected changes in operations been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 37. AW1 In your opinion, has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location improved the safety of the facility?  Yes  No 38. AW1 Has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location resulted in any unexpected safety challenges (i.e., sudden braking)?  Yes  No If yes, please describe? 39. AW1 Have these suspected changes in safety been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 40. AW1 Has improper activation of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location posed any challenges? Is there another adverse weather area location that you would like to describe? If yes, respondent is returned to Question 1. AW1 (which is now 1. AW2 for location 2) under Facility Characteristics and asked to com- plete all 40 questions for the second location. If no, respondent is directed to set of similar questions for new application type. CONSTRUCTION ZONES You have indicated that illuminated, active in-pavement marker systems have been used in construction zones in your <state> <locale>. You will have the opportunity to describe each of the construction zones in your <state> <locale> equipped with illuminated, active in-pavement marker systems. Considering one location at a time, please provide the following information. 64

65 Location #1 Facility Characteristics 1. CZ1 Can you provide a brief description of the construction zone location (i.e., street name, roadway name, city, etc.)? 2. CZ1 Were the illuminated in-pavement markers placed  in the roadway,  on jersey barriers, or  in other area at the construction zone location? 3. CZ1 Were the illuminated in-pavement markers placed in or on  concrete,  asphalt, or  other surface at the construction zone location? 4. CZ1 What was the total length of the construction zone in miles? 5. CZ1 What was the average annual daily traffic (AADT) for the roadway at the construction zone location? 6. CZ1 What was the duration of time that this construction zone was in effect? 7. CZ1 What is the posted speed limit for the roadway at the construction zone location? Technology Type and Characteristics 8. CZ1 Who is the manufacturer of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location? 9. CZ1 What is the size/shape of the individual markers? 10. CZ1 Is the method of illumination  LED or  other? 11. CZ1 What is the illumination output or angle? 12. CZ1 What marker colors are used?  White  Green  Red  Blue  Yellow  Other 13. CZ1 Are the colors  static or  dynamically sequenced? 14. CZ1 Is the illumination  static or  flashing? If flashing, what flash rate is used? 15. CZ1 If multiple rows of pavement markers were used, was the layout aligned (:::) or alternating (....)? 16. CZ1 Is the power source  solar,  wired, or  battery only? 17. CZ1 Is the communications method  wireline or  wireless? 18. CZ1 What is the age of the technology? 19. CZ1 Are the markers mounted  in-ground flush with the pavement,  on the surface of the pavement, or  other? Installation and Construction Methods 20. CZ1 When first installing the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, did you follow any design standards and specifications (i.e., MUTCD), special provisions, standard drawings/details, or supplemental policies and guidance?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 21. CZ1 Was the wiring run using  underground conduit,  pavement saw cut, or  other? 22. CZ1 In your opinion, do you think that the installation and construction methods used were adequate to ensure successful system performance? Operation 23. CZ1 Is the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location operated  on-demand,  during the daytime only,  during the nighttime only,  continuously, or  other? 24. CZ1 What is the method of activation?  Passive detection (e.g., microwave, motion sensors, video detection, light trip beam)  RWIS or speed sensors  Integration with traffic control devices  Other 25. CZ1 Is this location actively enforced?  Yes  No Maintenance 26. CZ1 Which, if any, type(s) of failure did you experience with the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Individual LED failure  Cracking  Marker came free from pavement  Flicker/loose connection  Power system 27. CZ1 What are the measured failure rates (if available) for the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location? 28. CZ1 Describe the method of notification if a failure is detected? 29. CZ1 In your opinion, how would you rate the durability of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Very good  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 30. CZ1 In your opinion, how would you rate the adhesion of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Very good  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 31. CZ1 Please describe any other maintenance issues related to the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location. Costs 32. CZ1 What were the initial costs of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, including hardware and installation?

33. CZ1 What are the ongoing annual costs of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, including operation and maintenance? Benefits 34. CZ1 In your opinion, has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location improved the operation of the facility?  Yes  No 35. CZ1 Has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location resulted in any unexpected operational challenges?  Yes  No If yes, please describe? 36. CZ1 Have these suspected changes in operations been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 37. CZ1 In your opinion, has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location improved the safety of the facility?  Yes  No 38. CZ1 Has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location resulted in any unexpected safety challenges (i.e., sudden braking)?  Yes  No If yes, please describe? 39. CZ1 Have these suspected changes in safety been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 40. CZ1 Has improper activation of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location posed any challenges? Is there another construction zone location that you would like to describe? If yes, respondent is returned to Question 1. CZ1 (which is now 1. CZ2 for location 2) under Facility Characteristics and asked to complete all 40 questions for the second location. If no, respondent is directed to set of similar questions for new application type. ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS (e.g., replacing or supplementing street lighting) You have indicated that illuminated, active in-pavement marker systems have been used in environmentally sensitive areas in your <state> <locale>. You will have the opportunity to describe each of the environmentally sensitive areas in your <state> <locale> equipped with illuminated, active in-pavement marker systems. Considering one location at a time, please provide the following information. Location #1 Facility Characteristics 1. ES1 Can you provide a brief description of the environmentally sensitive location (i.e., roadway, mile-post range, city, etc.)? 2. ES1 Is the roadway facility constructed of  concrete or  asphalt at the environmentally sensitive location? 3. ES1 How many total roadway lanes (including both directions) exist at the environmentally sensitive location? 4. ES1 What is the total length of the environmentally sensitive location in miles? 5. ES1 What is the average annual daily traffic (AADT) for the roadway at the environmentally sensitive location? 6. ES1 What is the nature of the environmental sensitivity at this location (e.g., reduce light pollution for natural habitat)? 7. ES1 What is the posted speed limit for the roadway at the environmentally sensitive location? Technology Type and Characteristics 8. ES1 Who is the manufacturer of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location? 9. ES1 What is the size/shape of the individual markers? 10. ES1 Is the method of illumination  LED or  other? 11. ES1 What is the illumination output or angle? 12. ES1 What marker colors are used?  White  Green  Red  Blue  Yellow  Other 13. ES1 Are the colors  static or  dynamically sequenced? 14. ES1 Is the illumination  static or  flashing? If flashing, what flash rate is used? 15. ES1 If multiple rows of pavement markers were used, was the layout aligned (:::) or alternating (....)? 16. ES1 Is the power source  solar,  wired, or  battery only? 17. ES1 Is the communications method  wireline or  wireless? 18. ES1 What is the age of the technology? 19. ES1 Are the markers mounted  in-ground flush with the pavement,  on the surface of the pavement, or  other? 66

67 Installation and Construction Methods 20. ES1 When first installing the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, did you follow any design standards and specifications (i.e., MUTCD), special provisions, standard drawings/details, or supplemental policies and guidance?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 21. ES1 Was the wiring run using  underground conduit,  pavement saw cut, or  other? 22. ES1 In your opinion, do you think that the installation and construction methods used were adequate to ensure successful system performance? Operation 23. ES1 Is the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location operated  on-demand,  during the daytime only,  during the nighttime only,  continuously, or  other? 24. ES1 What is the method of activation?  Passive detection (e.g., microwave, motion sensors, video detection, light trip beam)  RWIS or speed sensors  Integration with traffic control devices  Other 25. ES1 Is this location actively enforced?  Yes  No Maintenance 26. ES1 Which, if any, type(s) of failure did you experience with the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Individual LED failure  Cracking  Marker came free from pavement  Flicker/loose connection  Power system 27. ES1 What are the measured failure rates (if available) for the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location? 28. ES1 Describe the method of notification if a failure is detected? 29. ES1 In your opinion, how would you rate the durability of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Very good  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 30. ES1 In your opinion, how would you rate the adhesion of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Very good  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 31. ES1 Please describe any other maintenance issues related to the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location. Costs 32. ES1 What were the initial costs of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, including hardware and installation? 33. ES1 What are the ongoing annual costs of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, including operation and maintenance? Benefits 34. ES1 In your opinion, has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location improved the operation of the facility?  Yes  No 35. ES1 Has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location resulted in any unexpected operational challenges?  Yes  No If yes, please describe? 36. ES1 Have these suspected changes in operations been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 37. ES1 In your opinion, has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location improved the safety of the facility?  Yes  No 38. ES1 Has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location resulted in any unexpected safety challenges (i.e., sudden braking)?  Yes  No If yes, please describe? 39. ES1 Have these suspected changes in safety been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 40. ES1 Has improper activation of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location posed any challenges? Is there another environmentally sensitive location that you would like to describe? If yes, respondent is returned to Question 1. ES1 (which is now 1. ES2 for location 2) under Facility Characteristics and asked to complete all 40 questions for the second location. If no, respondent is directed to set of similar questions for new application type.

OTHER You have indicated that illuminated, active in-pavement marker systems have been used in your <state> <locale>, and the application type was not listed. You will have the opportunity to describe each location in your <state> <locale> equipped with illuminated, active in-pave- ment marker systems. Considering one location at a time, please provide the following information. Location #1 Facility Characteristics 1. OTH1 Can you provide a brief description of the application? 2. OTH1 Can you provide a brief description of the location (i.e., roadway, mile-post range, city, etc.)? 3. OTH1 Is the roadway facility constructed of  concrete or  asphalt at the location? 4. OTH1 How many total roadway lanes (including both directions) exist at the location? 5. OTH1 What is the total length of the location in miles? 6. OTH1 What is the average annual daily traffic (AADT) for the roadway at the location? 7. OTH1 What is the posted speed limit for the roadway at the location? Technology Type and Characteristics 8. OTH1 Who is the manufacturer of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location? 9. OTH1 What is the size/shape of the individual markers? 10. OTH1 Is the method of illumination  LED or  other? 11. OTH1 What is the illumination output or angle? 12. OTH1 What marker colors are used?  White  Green  Red  Blue  Yellow  Other 13. OTH1 Are the colors  static or  dynamically sequenced? 14. OTH1 Is the illumination  static or  flashing? If flashing, what flash rate is used? 15. OTH1 If multiple rows of pavement markers were used, was the layout aligned (:::) or alternating (....)? 16. OTH1 Is the power source  solar,  wired, or  battery only? 17. OTH1 Is the communications method  wireline or  wireless? 18. OTH1 What is the age of the technology? 19. OTH1 Are the markers mounting  in-ground flush with the pavement,  on the surface of the pavement, or  other? Installation and Construction Methods 20. OTH1 When first installing the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, did you follow any design standards and specifications (i.e., MUTCD), special provisions, standard drawings/details, or supplemental policies and guidance?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 21. OTH1 Was the wiring run using  underground conduit,  pavement saw cut, or  other? 22. OTH1 In your opinion, do you think that the installation and construction methods used were adequate to ensure successful system performance? Operation 23. OTH1 Is the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location operated  on-demand,  during the daytime only,  during the nighttime only,  continuously, or  other? 24. OTH1 What is the method of activation?  Passive detection (e.g., microwave, motion sensors, video detection, light trip beam)  RWIS or speed sensors  Integration with traffic control devices  Other 25. OTH1 Is this location actively enforced?  Yes  No Maintenance 26. OTH1 Which, if any, type(s) of failure did you experience with the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Individual LED failure  Cracking  Marker came free from pavement  Flicker/loose connection  Power system 27. OTH1 What are the measured failure rates (if available) for the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location? 28. OTH1 Describe the method of notification if a failure is detected? 29. OTH1 In your opinion, how would you rate the durability of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Very good  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 68

69 30. OTH1 In your opinion, how would you rate the adhesion of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location?  Very good  Good  Neutral  Poor  Very poor 31. OTH1 Please describe any other maintenance issues related to the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location. Costs 32. OTH1 What were the initial costs of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, including hardware and installation? 33. OTH1 What are the ongoing annual costs of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location, including operation and maintenance? Benefits 34. OTH1 In your opinion, has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location improved the operation of the facility?  Yes  No 35. OTH1 Has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location resulted in any unexpected operational challenges?  Yes  No If yes, please describe? 36. OTH1 Have these suspected changes in operations been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 37. OTH1 In your opinion, has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location improved the safety of the facility?  Yes  No 38. OTH1 Has the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location resulted in any unexpected safety challenges (i.e., sudden braking)?  Yes  No If yes, please describe? 39. OTH1 Have these suspected changes in safety been formally measured and/or documented in an evaluation report?  Yes  No If yes, may we get a copy? 40. OTH1 Has improper activation of the illuminated, active in-pavement marker system at this location posed any challenges? Is there another location that you would like to describe? If yes, respondent is returned to Question 1. OTH1 (which is now 1. OTH2 for location 2) under Facility Characteristics and asked to complete all 40 questions for the second location. If no, respondent is directed to set of similar questions for new application type. May we contact you for additional information regarding your responses to this survey?  Yes  No Thank you for your time and cooperation in completing this survey. If you have additional information pertaining to specific sites (i.e., pictures or evaluation reports) we would be most interested in obtaining any of these pieces of information. In addition, if you would like to discuss the survey or any of the specific sites in more detail, please feel free to contact Jodi Carson, Anthony Voigt, or Jonathan Tydlacka. Jonathan Tydlacka, Ph.D., P.E. Anthony P. Voigt, P.E. Jodi L. Carson, Assoc. Transportation Researcher Associate Research Engineer Associate Research Engineer Texas Transportation Institute Texas Transportation Institute Texas Transportation Institute 701 North Post Oak 701 North Post Oak 1106 Clayton Lane Suite 430 Suite 430 Suite 300E Houston, TX 77024 Houston, TX 77024 Austin, TX 78723 (713) 686-2971 (Phone) (713) 686-2971 (Phone) (512) 467-0946 (Phone) (713) 686-5396 (Fax) (713) 686-5396 (Fax) (512) 467-8971 (Fax) j-tydlacka@tamu.edu a-voigt@tamu.edu j-carson@tamu.edu

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TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 380: Applications of Illuminated, Active, In-Pavement Marker Systems (IPMs) explores the state of IPM technology, experiences with IPM applications, and potential IPM research needs.

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