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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Development of Design Specifications and Commentary for Horizontally Curved Concrete Box-Girder Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14186.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Development of Design Specifications and Commentary for Horizontally Curved Concrete Box-Girder Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14186.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Development of Design Specifications and Commentary for Horizontally Curved Concrete Box-Girder Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14186.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Development of Design Specifications and Commentary for Horizontally Curved Concrete Box-Girder Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14186.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Development of Design Specifications and Commentary for Horizontally Curved Concrete Box-Girder Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14186.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Development of Design Specifications and Commentary for Horizontally Curved Concrete Box-Girder Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14186.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Development of Design Specifications and Commentary for Horizontally Curved Concrete Box-Girder Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14186.
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Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

TRANSPORTAT ION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 2008 www.TRB.org N A T I O N A L C O O P E R A T I V E H I G H W A Y R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M NCHRP REPORT 620 Subject Areas Bridges, Other Structures, and Hydraulics and Hydrology Development of Design Specifications and Commentary for Horizontally Curved Concrete Box-Girder Bridges NUTT, REDFIELD AND VALENTINE Orangevale, CA I N A S S O C I A T I O N W I T H DAVID EVANS & ASSOCIATES, INC. San Diego, CA A N D ZOCON CONSULTING ENGINEERS, INC. Folsom, CA Research sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration

NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM Systematic, well-designed research provides the most effective approach to the solution of many problems facing highway administrators and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local interest and can best be studied by highway departments individually or in cooperation with their state universities and others. However, the accelerating growth of highway transportation develops increasingly complex problems of wide interest to highway authorities. These problems are best studied through a coordinated program of cooperative research. In recognition of these needs, the highway administrators of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials initiated in 1962 an objective national highway research program employing modern scientific techniques. This program is supported on a continuing basis by funds from participating member states of the Association and it receives the full cooperation and support of the Federal Highway Administration, United States Department of Transportation. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies was requested by the Association to administer the research program because of the Board’s recognized objectivity and understanding of modern research practices. The Board is uniquely suited for this purpose as it maintains an extensive committee structure from which authorities on any highway transportation subject may be drawn; it possesses avenues of communications and cooperation with federal, state and local governmental agencies, universities, and industry; its relationship to the National Research Council is an insurance of objectivity; it maintains a full-time research correlation staff of specialists in highway transportation matters to bring the findings of research directly to those who are in a position to use them. The program is developed on the basis of research needs identified by chief administrators of the highway and transportation departments and by committees of AASHTO. Each year, specific areas of research needs to be included in the program are proposed to the National Research Council and the Board by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Research projects to fulfill these needs are defined by the Board, and qualified research agencies are selected from those that have submitted proposals. Administration and surveillance of research contracts are the responsibilities of the National Research Council and the Transportation Research Board. The needs for highway research are many, and the National Cooperative Highway Research Program can make significant contributions to the solution of highway transportation problems of mutual concern to many responsible groups. The program, however, is intended to complement rather than to substitute for or duplicate other highway research programs. Published reports of the NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM are available from: Transportation Research Board Business Office 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 and can be ordered through the Internet at: http://www.national-academies.org/trb/bookstore Printed in the United States of America NCHRP REPORT 620 Project 12-71 ISSN 0077-5614 ISBN: 978-0-309-11750-0 Library of Congress Control Number 2008936983 © 2008 Transportation Research Board COPYRIGHT PERMISSION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, FAA, FHWA, FMCSA, FTA, or Transit Development Corporation endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. NOTICE The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of the Governing Board of the National Research Council. Such approval reflects the Governing Board’s judgment that the program concerned is of national importance and appropriate with respect to both the purposes and resources of the National Research Council. The members of the technical committee selected to monitor this project and to review this report were chosen for recognized scholarly competence and with due consideration for the balance of disciplines appropriate to the project. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied are those of the research agency that performed the research, and, while they have been accepted as appropriate by the technical committee, they are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Council, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, or the Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Each report is reviewed and accepted for publication by the technical committee according to procedures established and monitored by the Transportation Research Board Executive Committee and the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research Council, the Federal Highway Administration, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and the individual states participating in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of this report.

CRP STAFF FOR NCHRP REPORT 620 Christopher W. Jenks, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Crawford F. Jencks, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs David B. Beal, Senior Program Officer Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications Hilary Freer, Senior Editor NCHRP PROJECT 12-71 PANEL Field of Design—Area of Bridges Michael R. Pope, California DOT, Sacramento, CA (Chair) Bruce V. Johnson, Oregon DOT, Salem, OR Abdeldjelil Belarbi, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO David C. O’Hagan, Florida DOT, Tallahassee, FL Jerry L. Potter, Livingston, TX Geoffrey Swett, Washington State DOT, Olympia, WA Dean W. Van Landuyt, Texas DOT, Austin, TX Nur Yazdani, University of Texas–Arlington, Arlington, TX Gary Jakovich, FHWA Liaison Stephen F. Maher, TRB Liaison C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S

This report provides specifications, commentary, and examples for the design of hori- zontally curved concrete box-girder highway bridges. The report details the development of the design procedures. Recommended LRFD specifications and design examples illustrat- ing the application of the design methods and specifications are included in appendixes (available on the TRB website at http://trb.org/news/blurb_detail.asp?id=9596). The mate- rial in this report will be of immediate interest to bridge designers. Many concrete box-girder bridges are constructed on horizontally curved alignments. In some instances, problems such as bearing uplift, cracked diaphragms and piers, and lateral tendon breakout have occurred. The AASHTO Bridge Specifications do not adequately address these and other issues, either in the provisions, or commentary. AASHTO has recently incorporated provisions for the design of horizontally curved steel bridges into the LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. These specifications include specific guidance on when horizontal curvature effects must be considered. Bridge owners and designers need specifications and commentary, as well as examples that provide design guidance for horizontally curved concrete box-girder bridges. The objective of NCHRP Project 12-71 was to develop specifications, commentary, and examples for the design of horizontally curved concrete box-girder bridges. The research was performed by Nutt, Redfield & Valentine, Orangevale, California; in association with David Evans & Associates, Inc., San Diego, California; and Zocon Consulting Engineers, Inc., Folsom, California. The report and appendices fully document the effort to develop the design procedures. (The appendixes are available on the TRB website at http://trb.org/ news/blurb_detail.asp?id=9596) F O R E W O R D By David B. Beal Staff Officer Transportation Research Board

C O N T E N T S 1 Chapter 1 Introduction 3 Chapter 2 State-of-Practice Review 3 Domestic Practice 5 Foreign Practice 6 Field Problems 8 Chapter 3 Published Literature Review 8 Codes and Design Standards 9 Design Methods 9 Design Steps (General Sectional Model) 9 Step 1—Determine the Controlling Load Cases 9 Step 2—Determine the Cross-Section Parameters 9 Step 3—Check the Web Width 10 Step 4—Calculate Shear Stress 10 Step 5—Calculate vu / f ′c and εx and Find θ and β 10 Step 6—Determine Required Spacing of Stirrups 11 Step 7—Check the Longitudinal Reinforcement 11 Design Steps (Segmental Box-Girder) 11 Step 1—Determine the Controlling Load Cases 11 Step 2—Determine the Cross-Section Parameters 12 Step 3—Check if Torsion Must be Considered 12 Step 4—Check the Web Width 12 Step 5—Determine Required Spacing of Stirrups: 12 Step 6—Check the Longitudinal Reinforcement 13 Design Philosophy 14 Response of Curved Concrete Box-Girder Bridges 14 Global Analysis 20 Laboratory Experiments 21 Design Issues 21 Bearings 21 Diaphragms 21 Flexure and Flexural Shear 23 Torsion 25 Wheel Load Distribution 25 Tendon Breakout and Deviation Saddles 28 Time Dependency 29 Vehicular Impact 29 Seismic Response 29 Design Optimization 29 Detailing 30 Summary

31 Chapter 4 Global Response Analysis Studies 31 Objective 31 Model Verification 31 Parameter Studies 31 Analysis Cases 32 Structural Analysis 34 Loads 35 Results Review 36 Summary of Results 37 Conclusions of the Parametric Study 38 Special Studies 38 Diaphragm 39 Bearings at the Bents 39 Skewed Abutments 41 Long-Term Creep 44 Chapter 5 Regional and Local Response Analysis Studies 45 Local Analysis Validation/Demonstration Case (UT Test Case) 45 Test Model and Test Conduct 51 Local Analysis of Multicell Box Girders 52 Model Prototype: Three-Cell Cast-In-Place Box Girder 53 Multicell Models—Analysis Results 57 Discussion of Results 63 Local Analysis of Single-Cell Box Girders 63 Model Prototype: Single-Cell CIP Box Girder 66 Single-Cell Models—Analysis Results 67 Discussion of Results 72 Conclusions From Local Analyses 72 General Observations on Capacity 72 Summary of Influences from Detailing Parameters 75 Recommendations for Web Capacity Design 79 Chapter 6 Conclusions 84 References/Bibliography 87 Appendixes

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Development of Design Specifications and Commentary for Horizontally Curved Concrete Box-Girder Bridges Get This Book
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TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 620: Development of Design Specifications and Commentary for Horizontally Curved Concrete Box-Girder Bridges explores proposed specifications and examples for the design of horizontally curved concrete box-girder highway bridges.

Potential LRFD specifications and design examples illustrating the application of the design methods and specifications are available online as appendixes to NCHRP Report 620.

Appendix A - Proposed LRFD Specifications and Commentary

Appendix B - Example Problems

Appendix C - Global Analysis Guidelines

Appendix D - State of Practice Summary for the United States

Appendix E - Detailed Global Analysis Results

Appendix F - Detailed Local Analysis Results

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