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4
Gas taxes (3.8 percent),
Income taxes (2.0 percent),
Tolls (2.0 percent), and
"Other" (28.8 percent).
· Directly generated taxes accounted for approximately 16 percent of revenue and came from
the following:
Sales taxes (45.5 percent),
Property taxes (7.0 percent),
Tolls (5.0 percent),
Gas taxes (0.2 percent), and
"Other" (42.1 percent).
· Local general funds accounted for about 10 percent of revenues.
· Other local sources accounted for about 5 percent of revenues.
S.4 Local and Regional Public Transportation Funding
by System Size
U.S. transit investment and use is heavily concentrated in larger transit systems. The 50 largest
systems accounted for 83 percent of trips in 2005, 79 percent of total operating expenditures,
and 89 percent of total capital investment. Of the $26 billion in local and regional revenues bud-
geted in 2005 by urbanized area systems, nearly 84 percent was budgeted within areas served
by the 50 largest systems. NTD data indicate the following:
· Sales taxes serve as a major revenue source among systems of all sizes,
· Local general funds play a large role in systems serving areas with populations under a million,
· Fares and earned income are the largest sources of operating support drawn from local areas,
· Fares and earned income are predominantly used to support operations,
· Other directly generated dedicated funds are most prominent in the largest systems, and
· Property taxes for transit use are concentrated among smaller systems.
S.5 Local and Regional Public Transportation Funding
by Type of Agency
Independent transit authorities and municipal or county governments differ in the latitude
and authority they have in seeking increased revenues. Key distinctions in the use of local and
regional funding between these two basic organizational structures include the following:
· Sales tax revenues are important to both types of agencies and are more often used (by both
types of agencies) in support of capital programs than operating expenses. Nonetheless, sales
tax revenues are particularly a feature of larger independent authorities' capital funding
schemes.
· Sales tax or directly generated revenue sources provide over 70 percent of capital investment
by independent authorities.
· Independent authorities generally are empowered to tap larger proportions of directly gener-
ated revenue.
· Fares and earned income (concessions, advertising, lease revenues, etc.) are a significant
source of operating support regardless of agency type.
· Municipal and county government systems have a somewhat greater balance across sources
than independent authorities have.
· The use of property taxes is concentrated among municipal and county systems.
