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· Develop a list of potential example problems that could be Caltabiano, S., E. Cascone, and M. Maugeri. "Sliding
used during validation studies and preparation of design Response of Rigid Retaining Walls." In Earthquake
examples. Geotechnical Engineering: Proceedings of the Second Inter-
national Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engi-
neering; Lisbon, Portugal, 2125 June 1999, Rotterdam:
2.2.1 Key References
A. A. Balkema, 1999.
The literature review consisted of collecting and evaluating Cardosa, A. S., M. Matos Fernandes, and J. A. Mateus
information already available to the Project Team, as well as de Brito. "Application of Structural Eurocodes to Grav-
electronic literature searches. One of the most effective search ity Retaining Wall Seismic Design Conditioned by Base
mechanisms was through use of Quakeline®, the search Sliding." In Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering: Pro-
mechanism identified in the Multidisciplinary Center for ceedings of the Second International Conference on Earth-
Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER) Center's website quake Geotechnical Engineering; Lisbon, Portugal, 2125
(http://mceer.buffalo.edu/utilities/quakeline.asp). June 1999, Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1999.
More than 140 abstracts have been downloaded and Cascone, E. and M. Maugeri. "On the Seismic Behav-
reviewed in the area of retaining walls dating from the past ior of Cantilever Retaining Walls." In Proceedings of
10 years, more than 130 for seismic response of slopes and the 10th European Conference on Earthquake Engi-
embankments, and more than 50 references for seismic neering; Vienna, Austria, 28 August-2 September 1994,
response of pipelines and culverts. Copies of papers and Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1995.
reports were obtained for those references that appeared to Choukeir, M., I. Juran, and S. Hanna. "Seismic Design of
contain unique information or results that are particularly Reinforced-Earth and Soil Nailed Structures." Ground
relevant to the Project objectives. As noted in the intro- Improvement, Vol. 1, pp. 223238, 1997.
ductory paragraph to this chapter, this phase of the Project Chugh, A. K. "A Unified Procedure for Earth Pressure
focused on references that could be used directly or indi- Calculations." In Proceedings of the 3rd International
rectly to develop methodologies that could be implemented Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earth-
by practicing engineers. quake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, St. Louis, 1995.
Some of the representative relevant articles and reports FHWA. "Manual for Design & Construction Monitor-
identified are summarized below.
ing of Soil Nail Walls." U.S. Department of Trans-
portation, Federal Highway Administration, Publica-
· Retaining Walls
tion No. FHWA-SA-96-069R, Revised October, 1998.
"Analysis and Design of Retaining Structures Against
FHWA. "Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls and
Earthquakes." Geotechnical Special Publication No. 80,
Reinforced Soil Slopes Design & Construction Guide-
ASCE, November, 1996.
Ausilio, E., E. Conte, and G. Dente. "Seismic Stability lines." U.S. Department of Transportation Federal High-
Analysis of Reinforced Slopes." Soil Dynamics and Earth- way Administration, National Highway Institute, Office
quake Engineering, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 159172, April 2000. of Bridge Technology, Publication No. FHWA-NHI-00-
Bathurst, R. J., M. C. Alfaro, and K. Hatami. "Pseudo- 043, March 2001.
Static Seismic Design of Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Green, R. A., C. G. Olgun, R. M. Ebeling, and W. I.
Retaining Structures." Asia Conference on Earthquake Cameron. "Seismically Induced Lateral Earthquake
Engineering, Manila, Philippines, Vol. 2, pp. 149160, Pressures on a Cantilever Retaining Wall." In Advancing
March 2004. Mitigation Technologies and Disaster Response for Life-
Bathurst, R. J. and Z. Cai. "Pseudo-Static Seismic line Systems: Proceedings of the Sixth U.S. Conference and
Analysis of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Segmental Retain- Workshop on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering (TCLEE
ing Walls." Geosynthetics International, Vol. 2, No. 5, 2003), ASCE, Reston, VA, 2003.
pp. 787830, 1995. Lazarte, C. A., V. Elias, D. Espinoza, and P. Sabatini. "Soil
Bathurst, R. J. and K. Hatami. "Seismic Response Nail Walls." Geotechnical Engineering, Circular No. 7,
Analysis of a Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Retaining March 2003.
Wall." Geosynthetics International, Vol. 5, Nos. 1&2, Ling, H. I. "Recent Applications of Sliding Block The-
pp. 127166, 1998. ory to Geotechnical Design." Soil Dynamics and Earth-
Bathurst, R. J., K. Harami, and M. C. Alfaro. "Geosyn- quake Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 189197, April
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(S. K. Shukla Ed.): Geosynthetics and Their Applications, Ling, H. I., D. Leschinsky, and N. S. C. Nelson. "Post-
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Ji-Ji Earthquake of Taiwan." Soil Dynamics and Earth- · Slopes and Embankments
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in Kobe Earthquake." M.S. Thesis, State University of cal Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 120, No. 9, pp. 15141532,
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