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31
Other suggestions for consideration in mitigating or reduc- · "Limit operator hours."
ing incursions are provided by survey respondents as follows: · "[When plowing a runway/taxiway intersection] Clear
snow up to the next taxiway [rather than just to the hold
· "Make the call signs for vehicles on your airport unique line to prevent turnarounds from entering the runway
from each other. Instead of having Operations 1, 2, 3, safety area]."
etc.; Plow 1, 2, 3, etc.; and Blower 1, 2, 3, etc.; have · "Specifically ask ATCT for turnarounds from a connec-
Operations 11, 12, 13, etc.; Plow 21, 22, 23, etc.; and tor taxiway onto the runway to clear the hold line area."
Blower 31, 32, 33, etc." · "[For non-towered airport] All drivers should monitor
· "To enhance a vehicle's presence when on a runway, CTAF or assigned frequency [while only one crew mem-
turn on driving lights day or night, similar to what large ber communicates with aircraft]. Crew leader makes
aircraft operators do when commencing their takeoff assignments and tracks progress. Crew leader verifies
roll or landing." all clear, reports the same to aircraft, and directs staff
· "After each snow event, have a debriefing with mem- on/off the runway."
bers of the snow committee, or at least the ATCT tower · "Place compasses in the vehicles [to enhance SA]."
chief to discuss lessons learned. Keep written minutes · "Have operators not accustomed to operating regularly
for referral." on the movement area or the AOA drive more frequently
· "Install tunable radios that have at least a two-frequency year around [training]."
quick switch (flip-flop) capability." · "Require through NOTAM a 10-min notification for prior
· "Sound deaden the vehicle cabs. Provide headphones if permission to land [if airport does not have an ATCT]."
necessary." · "Maintenance supervisor in the lead vehicle of the snow
· "Place FAA-provided airfield signs and marking plac- crew activates a blue light on his vehicle to warn the
ards in vehicles." snow crews of a pending aircraft operation."
· "Place an airport layout diagram in the cab."
· "Provide a writing instrument and pad in easy reach for
writing down ATCT instructions." SUMMARY
· "Mark vehicle exteriors with large identification
numbers." Chapter six addresses the importance of SA as a collision risk
· "Issue NOTAMs and inform FSS, TRACON, or CEN- factor. Not having SA increases the possibility for an incursion
TER of changes." incident. An overwhelming number of both pilot and con-
· "If radio communication is lost between ATCT personnel troller errors can be classified into the category of "loss of sit-
and the equipment operators, ATCT personnel should uational awareness." This chapter presents suggestions to
rapidly flash the runway lights on and off as a signal for increase one's SA from the literature, FAA guidance material,
the operator to clear the runway." and responses from the questionnaire. The application of SOPs
· "Repeat all instructions with ATCT." provide a structure that helps to decrease the probability of
· "Have one person monitor runway intersections." human error and runway incursion by increasing and main-
· "Limit area of operations [to one section or one taxiway taining SA. The chapter emphasizes that training and indoctri-
or one runway or one apron area]." nation into the principles of SA can lead to safe outcomes.
