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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2008. Acceptance Tests for Surface Characteristics of Steel Strands in Prestressed Concrete. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14206.
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37 ASTM (2002). ASTM A981-97 (2002) Standard Test Method for Eval- uating Bond Strength for 15.2 mm (0.6 in.) Diameter Prestressing Steel Strand, Grade 270, Uncoated, Used in Prestressed Ground Anchors. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, www. astm.org. ASTM (2003). ASTM C 670 Standard Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, www.astm.org. ASTM (2007). ASTM E1169-07 Standard Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, www.astm.org. Chandran, K. (2006). Assessing the Bond Quality of Prestressing Strands Using NASP Bond Test, MS Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK. Chow, N. (2001). “In-Line Cleaning of Steel Core Wire for the Manu- facture of Aluminum Clad Steel Wire,” Proceedings, WAI 71th Annual Convention, Atlanta, GA, pp. 372–377. Colvin, M.T. and Carlone, R.H. (1998). “Wire Cleaning: A Technical Study,” Proceedings, WAI 68th Annual Convention, Cleveland, OH, pp. 108–112. Dove, A.B., Dixon, R.F., and Robert, R. (1990). Ferrous Wire. Guilford, CT: Wire Association International. Gzesh, D.P. and Colvin, M.T. (1999). “Wire Drawing Lubricant Chemistry,” Wire & Cable Technology International, Vol. 27, No. 2, Mar-Apr, pp. 60–61. Hajare, A.D. (1998). “Bright Annealing of Steel Wire,” Wire Industry, Vol. 65, No. 778, Oct, pp. 742–744. Hyett, A.J., Dube, S., and Bawden, W.F. (1994). “Laboratory Bond Strength Testing of 0.6" 7-Wire Strand from 7 Different Manufac- turers.” Final Report. Queen’s University, Department of Mining Engineering, Kingston, Ontario. Lane, S.N. (1998). “A New Development Length Equation for Preten- sioned Strands in Bridge Beams and Piles,” FHWA-RD-98-116, Federal Highway Administration, McLean, VA. Liberti, G. (1994). “Zinc Phosphating before Wire Drawing,” Wire In- dustry, Vol. 61, No. 726, Jun, pp. 385–389. Logan, D.R. (1997). “Acceptance Criteria for Bond Quality of Strand for Pretensioned Prestressed Concrete Applications,” PCI Journal, Mar-Apr, pp. 52–90. Maehata, T. and Ioka, H. (2006). “Bond Strength of PC Wire in Concrete,” Wire Journal International, Apr, pp. 94–97. Moustafa, S. (1974). “Pull-Out Strength of Strand Lifting Loops.” Tech- nical Bulletin 74-B5, Tacoma, WA: Concrete Technology Associates. Peterman, R.J. (2007). “The Effects of As-Cast Depth and Concrete Flu- idity on Strand Bond”, PCI Journal, May-Jun, pp. 72–101. Pfeifer, D.W. (1986). “Protective Systems for New Prestressed and Sub- structure Concrete,” FHWA Report No. RD-86-193, Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc., Northbrook, IL. Platt, R.B. (1991). “Choosing Lubricants for Wire Drawing,” Wire Industry, Vol. 58, No. 695, Nov, pp. 689. Post-Tensioning Institute. (1996). Recommendations for Prestressed Rock and Soil Anchors. 3rd ed., Phoenix, AZ. Preston, H.K. and Sollenberger, N.J. (1967). Modern Prestressed Con- crete, New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. Quick, N.R. (1982). “Ultrasonic Cleaning of High-Carbon Prestressing Strand to Improve the Bond Development between Concrete and Steel,” Wire Journal International, May, pp. 104–108. Rose, D.R. and Russell, B.W. (1997). “Investigation of Standardized Tests to Measure the Bond Performance of Prestressing Strand,” PCI Journal, Vol. 42, No. 4, Jul/Aug, pp. 56–80. Russell, B.W. and Paulsgrove, G.A. (1999). “NASP Strand Bond Test- ing Round Two—Assessing Repeatability and Reproducibility of the Moustafa Test, the PTI Bond Test and the NASP Bond Test.” Final Report 99-04. University of Oklahoma, Fears Structural Engineering Laboratory, Norman, OK. Russell, B.W. (2001). “Final Report—NASP Round III Strand Bond Testing” Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK. Russell, B.W. (2006). “Final Report—NASP Round IV Strand Bond Testing” Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK. Rutledge, D.C. (1974). “Zinc Phosphate Coated Rod and Wire for Cold Forming,” Wire Journal, Jul, pp. 56–59. Stark, D. (1984). “Determination of Permissible Chloride Levels in Pre- stressed Concrete,” PCI Journal, Vol. 29, No. 4, Jul-Aug, pp. 106–119. U.S. Department of Transportation. (1988). “Prestressing Strand for Pretension Applications—Development Length Revisited,” Fed- eral Highway Administration Memorandum, Oct 26. Wire Association International, Inc. (1965). Steel Wire Handbook, Vol. 1, Guilford, CT: The Wire Association International, Inc. Wire Industry. (1991). “Lubricants for Steel Wire Drawing,” 58 (695), Nov, pp. 695–698. Wire Industry. (1992). “Preparing Wire Rod Prior to Drawing,” 59 (697), Jan, pp. 43–44. References

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TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 621: Acceptance Tests for Surface Characteristics of Steel Strands in Prestressed Concrete explores tests to identify and measure residues on the surface of steel pre-stressing strands and to establish thresholds for residue types found to affect the strength of the strand's bond to concrete.

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