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Technology-
Utilities emissions are reported based on the Stationary Source Specific Emission
Fuel Consumption
party receiving the invoice for the utility (natu- Factors and Other
Data
Data as Necessary
ral gas, purchased electricity, etc.).
Appropriate conversion units may need to be applied de- Calculate
pending on the units of the fuel consumption values and the
emission factors used. The activity/fuel data should be mul-
tiplied by an emission factor. Emission factors can be ob-
tained from sources such as the USEPA and EIA. Some ex- Stationary Source
GHG Emissions
amples of average emission factors are
Figure 3-11. Overview of Airport
Btu--British thermal units Facility Combustion Method 2.
mmBtu--Million Btu
TJ--Tera joules calculation procedures as in Method 1 but using technology-
GJ--Giga joules specific emission factors as indicated in Figure 3-11.
ft3--Cubic feet The stationary source fuel consumption data can be obtained
from various fuel purchase or financial records and should be
separated by sources owned by the airport operator versus
· Natural gas (U.S. average) = 53.06 kg CO2/mmBtu fuel those owned by tenants. For locations where purchased nat-
(TCRa 2008 and USEPAb 2008), ural gas or electrical records are not absolutely clear as to the
· Natural gas (U.S. average) = 120.593 lbs CO2/1,000 ft3 fuel quantities that are the responsibility of the airport operator
(EIA 2008), versus that of the tenants, the following guidance is provided:
· Natural gas for commercial/institutional purposes = Any invoices for purchased electricity received by the air-
56,100 kg CO2/TJ fuel (IPCC 2006), port operator, even if directly metered to a tenant, are the
· Natural gas for commercial/institutional purposes = 5 g responsibility of the airport operator and thus those emis-
CH4/GJ fuel (USEPAb 2008), sions should be categorized under the airport-owned cat-
· Natural gas for commercial/institutional purposes = 0.1 g egory. If invoices are received by the tenant and the airport
N2O/GJ fuel (USEPAb 2008), can either gain access to tenant electrical consumption or an
· Natural gas for commercial/institutional purposes = 5 kg estimate can be made of the tenant electricity/energy usage, the
CH4/TJ fuel (IPCC 2006), and associated emissions should be categorized under the "tenant-
· Natural gas for commercial/institutional purposes = 0.1 kg owned" category. In any case, these emissions should all be in-
N2O/TJ fuel (IPCC 2006). cluded as part of an airport GHG inventory. As noted earlier,
airport-owned emissions resulting from purchased electricity
The following is an example calculation using 200,000 mil- should be classified as Scope 2 emissions, whereas tenant pur-
lion therms of natural gas usage: chased electricity should be classified as Scope 3 emissions.
Appropriate conversion units may need to be applied de-
The 200,000 million therms equates to 20,000
0 mmBtu using a pending on the units of the fuel consumption values and the
Btu therm .
conversion factor of 0.1 mmB emission factors used. Emission factors can be obtained from
sources such as USEPA's Technology Transfer Network (TTN)
Therefore, CO2 emissions = ( 20, 000 mmBtu )
(USEPAd 2008), Annex 2 of the USEPA's 2008 GHG inventory
× (53.06 kg CO2 mmBtu ) = 1.061 million kg CO2 .
report (USEPAb 2008) and IPCC Volume 2, Chapter 2 of the
This equates to 1,061 metric tons of CO2 when using
2006 guidelines (IPCC 2006). The inventory developer must
a conversion factor of 0.001 metric ton kg.
make sure to use the appropriate emission factors for each
technology and operating condition.
3.5.2 Stationary Source Combustion
Activities--Method 2 3.5.3 Electricity Usage (Utility Purchases)
In keeping with the IPCC Tier 3 method for stationary This section covers indirect emissions (Scope 2) resulting
combustion, the Method 2 presented herein involves the same from electricity used by the airport (electricity not generated
