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ACRP
AIRPORT
COOPERATIVE
RESEARCH
PROGRAM
REPORT 13
Sponsored by
the Federal
Aviation
Administration
Integrating Airport
Information Systems
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ACRP OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE* TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 2009 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE*
CHAIR OFFICERS
James Wilding CHAIR: Adib K. Kanafani, Cahill Professor of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley
Independent Consultant VICE CHAIR: Michael R. Morris, Director of Transportation, North Central Texas Council of
Governments, Arlington
VICE CHAIR
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Transportation Research Board
Jeff Hamiel
MinneapolisSt. Paul MEMBERS
Metropolitan Airports Commission
J. Barry Barker, Executive Director, Transit Authority of River City, Louisville, KY
MEMBERS Allen D. Biehler, Secretary, Pennsylvania DOT, Harrisburg
James Crites Larry L. Brown, Sr., Executive Director, Mississippi DOT, Jackson
DallasFort Worth International Airport Deborah H. Butler, Executive Vice President, Planning, and CIO, Norfolk Southern Corporation,
Richard de Neufville Norfolk, VA
Massachusetts Institute of Technology William A.V. Clark, Professor, Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles
Kevin C. Dolliole
Unison Consulting
David S. Ekern, Commissioner, Virginia DOT, Richmond
John K. Duval Nicholas J. Garber, Henry L. Kinnier Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of
Beverly Municipal Airport Virginia, Charlottesville
Kitty Freidheim Jeffrey W. Hamiel, Executive Director, Metropolitan Airports Commission, Minneapolis, MN
Freidheim Consulting Edward A. (Ned) Helme, President, Center for Clean Air Policy, Washington, DC
Steve Grossman
Oakland International Airport
Will Kempton, Director, California DOT, Sacramento
Tom Jensen Susan Martinovich, Director, Nevada DOT, Carson City
National Safe Skies Alliance Debra L. Miller, Secretary, Kansas DOT, Topeka
Catherine M. Lang Neil J. Pedersen, Administrator, Maryland State Highway Administration, Baltimore
Federal Aviation Administration Pete K. Rahn, Director, Missouri DOT, Jefferson City
Gina Marie Lindsey
Los Angeles World Airports Sandra Rosenbloom, Professor of Planning, University of Arizona, Tucson
Carolyn Motz Tracy L. Rosser, Vice President, Corporate Traffic, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Bentonville, AR
Hagerstown Regional Airport Rosa Clausell Rountree, Consultant, Tyrone, GA
Richard Tucker Steve T. Scalzo, Chief Operating Officer, Marine Resources Group, Seattle, WA
Huntsville International Airport Henry G. (Gerry) Schwartz, Jr., Chairman (retired), Jacobs/Sverdrup Civil, Inc., St. Louis, MO
C. Michael Walton, Ernest H. Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering, University of Texas, Austin
EX OFFICIO MEMBERS
Linda S. Watson, CEO, LYNXCentral Florida Regional Transportation Authority, Orlando
Sabrina Johnson Steve Williams, Chairman and CEO, Maverick Transportation, Inc., Little Rock, AR
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Richard Marchi
Airports Council International--North America
EX OFFICIO MEMBERS
Laura McKee Thad Allen (Adm., U.S. Coast Guard), Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, DC
Air Transport Association of America Rebecca M. Brewster, President and COO, American Transportation Research Institute, Smyrna, GA
Henry Ogrodzinski
National Association of State Aviation Officials George Bugliarello, President Emeritus and University Professor, Polytechnic Institute of New York
Melissa Sabatine University, Brooklyn; Foreign Secretary, National Academy of Engineering, Washington, DC
American Association of Airport Executives James E. Caponiti, Acting Deputy Administrator, Maritime Administration, U.S.DOT
Robert E. Skinner, Jr. Cynthia Douglass, Acting Deputy Administrator, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety
Transportation Research Board Administration, U.S.DOT
LeRoy Gishi, Chief, Division of Transportation, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of the
SECRETARY
Interior, Washington, DC
Christopher W. Jenks Edward R. Hamberger, President and CEO, Association of American Railroads, Washington, DC
Transportation Research Board
John C. Horsley, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials, Washington, DC
Rose A. McMurry, Acting Deputy Administrator, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, U.S.DOT
Ronald Medford, Acting Deputy Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,
U.S.DOT
William W. Millar, President, American Public Transportation Association, Washington, DC
Lynne A. Osmus, Acting Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S.DOT
Jeffrey F. Paniati, Acting Deputy Administrator and Executive Director, Federal Highway Administration,
U.S.DOT
Steven K. Smith, Acting Deputy Administrator, Research and Innovative Technology Administration,
U.S.DOT
Jo Strang, Acting Deputy Administrator, Federal Railroad Administration, U.S.DOT
Robert L. Van Antwerp (Lt. Gen., U.S. Army), Chief of Engineers and Commanding General,
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC
Matthew Welbes, Executive Director and Acting Deputy Administrator, Federal Transit Administration,
U.S.DOT
*Membership as of November 2008. *Membership as of February 2009.
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AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM
ACRP REPORT 13
Integrating Airport
Information Systems
Christine Stocking
Jim DeLong
Vicki Braunagel
Tom Healy
AERO TECH CONSULTING, INC.
Lakewood, CO
AND
Steve Loper
AMADEUS CONSULTING, INC.
Boulder, CO
Subject Areas
Planning and Administration · Aviation
Research sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD
WASHINGTON, D.C.
2009
www.TRB.org
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AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM ACRP REPORT 13
Airports are vital national resources. They serve a key role in trans- Project 01-03
portation of people and goods and in regional, national, and inter- ISSN 1935-9802
national commerce. They are where the nation's aviation system ISBN: 978-0-309-11773-9
connects with other modes of transportation and where federal respon- Library of Congress Control Number 2009922043
sibility for managing and regulating air traffic operations intersects
with the role of state and local governments that own and operate most © 2009 Transportation Research Board
airports. Research is necessary to solve common operating problems,
to adapt appropriate new technologies from other industries, and to
introduce innovations into the airport industry. The Airport Coopera- COPYRIGHT PERMISSION
tive Research Program (ACRP) serves as one of the principal means by
Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining
which the airport industry can develop innovative near-term solutions
written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously
to meet demands placed on it. published or copyrighted material used herein.
The need for ACRP was identified in TRB Special Report 272: Airport
Research Needs: Cooperative Solutions in 2003, based on a study spon- Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this
publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the
sored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The ACRP carries understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB or FAA endorsement
out applied research on problems that are shared by airport operating of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the
agencies and are not being adequately addressed by existing federal material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate
research programs. It is modeled after the successful National Coopera- acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of
tive Highway Research Program and Transit Cooperative Research Pro- the material, request permission from CRP.
gram. The ACRP undertakes research and other technical activities in a
variety of airport subject areas, including design, construction, mainte-
nance, operations, safety, security, policy, planning, human resources, NOTICE
and administration. The ACRP provides a forum where airport opera-
tors can cooperatively address common operational problems. The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the Airport Cooperative Research
Program conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of the
The ACRP was authorized in December 2003 as part of the Vision Governing Board of the National Research Council. Such approval reflects the Governing
100-Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act. The primary partici- Board's judgment that the project concerned is appropriate with respect to both the
pants in the ACRP are (1) an independent governing board, the ACRP purposes and resources of the National Research Council.
Oversight Committee (AOC), appointed by the Secretary of the U.S.
The members of the technical advisory panel selected to monitor this project and to review
Department of Transportation with representation from airport oper- this report were chosen for recognized scholarly competence and with due consideration
ating agencies, other stakeholders, and relevant industry organizations for the balance of disciplines appropriate to the project. The opinions and conclusions
such as the Airports Council International-North America (ACI-NA), expressed or implied are those of the research agency that performed the research, and
the American Association of Airport Executives (AAAE), the National while they have been accepted as appropriate by the technical panel, they are not
Association of State Aviation Officials (NASAO), and the Air Transport necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Council, or
the Federal Aviation Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation.
Association (ATA) as vital links to the airport community; (2) the TRB
as program manager and secretariat for the governing board; and Each report is reviewed and accepted for publication by the technical panel according to
(3) the FAA as program sponsor. In October 2005, the FAA executed a procedures established and monitored by the Transportation Research Board Executive
Committee and the Governing Board of the National Research Council.
contract with the National Academies formally initiating the program.
The ACRP benefits from the cooperation and participation of airport The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research
professionals, air carriers, shippers, state and local government officials, Council, and the Federal Aviation Administration (sponsor of the Airport Cooperative
Research Program) do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers'
equipment and service suppliers, other airport users, and research orga-
names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the clarity and
nizations. Each of these participants has different interests and respon- completeness of the project reporting.
sibilities, and each is an integral part of this cooperative research effort.
Research problem statements for the ACRP are solicited periodically
but may be submitted to the TRB by anyone at any time. It is the
responsibility of the AOC to formulate the research program by iden-
tifying the highest priority projects and defining funding levels and
expected products.
Once selected, each ACRP project is assigned to an expert panel,
appointed by the TRB. Panels include experienced practitioners and
research specialists; heavy emphasis is placed on including airport pro-
fessionals, the intended users of the research products. The panels pre-
pare project statements (requests for proposals), select contractors, and
provide technical guidance and counsel throughout the life of the
project. The process for developing research problem statements and Published reports of the
selecting research agencies has been used by TRB in managing cooper- AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM
ative research programs since 1962. As in other TRB activities, ACRP
are available from:
project panels serve voluntarily without compensation.
Primary emphasis is placed on disseminating ACRP results to the Transportation Research Board
Business Office
intended end-users of the research: airport operating agencies, service 500 Fifth Street, NW
providers, and suppliers. The ACRP produces a series of research Washington, DC 20001
reports for use by airport operators, local agencies, the FAA, and other
interested parties, and industry associations may arrange for work- and can be ordered through the Internet at
shops, training aids, field visits, and other activities to ensure that http://www.national-academies.org/trb/bookstore
results are implemented by airport-industry practitioners. Printed in the United States of America
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COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAMS
CRP STAFF FOR ACRP REPORT 13
Christopher W. Jenks, Director, Cooperative Research Programs
Crawford F. Jencks, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs
Michael R. Salamone, ACRP Manager
Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications
Hilary Freer, Senior Editor
Andréa Briere, Editor
ACRP PROJECT 01-03 PANEL
Field of Administration
Scott A. Brockman, MemphisShelby County Airport Authority, Memphis, TN (Chair)
Bradford S. Bowman, Bowman Group, Chatsworth, CA
Phillip D. Brodt, GCR Associates, Inc., New Orleans, LA
John K. Duval, Beverly Municipal Airport, Beverly, MA
Anita Eldridge, Sarasota Manatee Airport Authority, Sarasota, FL
Kimberly Jones, Dane County Regional Airport, Madison, WI
Don Snider, Wichita Airport Authority, Wichita, KS
David Suomi, FAA Liaison
Christine Gerencher, TRB Liaison
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FOREWORD
By Michael R. Salamone
Staff Officer
Transportation Research Board
ACRP Report 13: Integrating Airport Information Systems is a handbook that provides
valuable analysis and recommendations that can help lead airports toward fully integrated
information systems in the near future. The handbook describes a vision for the future
and a series of steps that can lead to eventual and successful integration projects. It
explores myriad information sources and their unique data elements, the value to the
airport decision-maker, and strategies that can help capture this business-critical infor-
mation for use in synergistic ways.
The handbook examines new technology such as facial recognition kiosks, smart board
passes, intelligent wireless sensors, advanced wireless technology, and intelligent video
recognition software. The report is not intended to present specifics for integrating infor-
mation systems for any airport; rather it suggests a path to successful integration by edu-
cating airport decision-makers on the value of integration and inspiring adoption and
adaptation of basic concepts and best practices that can help airports integrate portions of
their data/information environment.
The handbook will be of interest to airport managers and information technology
professionals.
The accurate, properly formatted, and timely reporting of airport activity and financial
data is critical to managing today's airports effectively. These data are necessary to meet
operational needs properly and to make informed business decisions. Currently, industry
practices for gathering and processing this information vary significantly across airport cat-
egory or even among airports within the same category.
A lack of consistent, accurate, and timely information is a direct result of a lack of applied
technology and overall standardized industry practices to define and gather information. In
addition, although large, complex airports need more sophisticated data, airports of all sizes
need certain minimum data to manage their facilities effectively. Demonstrated issues
related to collecting, processing, integrating, and defining data keep airports from realizing
the full value of completely integrating information.
Under ACRP Project 1-03, Aero Tech Consulting, Inc. (ATCI) was asked to describe a
vision of how this business-critical information can be fully integrated (e.g., cross-utilized
between different information systems). ATCI presents a broad summary of current prac-
tice and plotted a course to such an integrated IT future.
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CONTENTS
1 Summary
4 Chapter 1 Vision for a Fully Integrated Airport
4 Introduction
4 Vision
6 Handbook Overview
7 Chapter 2 Current State of the Industry
7 Research Findings
7 Phased Integration
7 Integration of Financial and Operational Data
8 Common-Use Environment
8 Data Gaps
8 Billing from Flight Data
9 Passenger Fees
9 Space Planning and Physical Facilities
9 Concessions
10 Intelligent Sensor Technology
10 Radio Frequency Technology
10 Bar Coding
10 Video Analytics
11 Next-Generation Air Transportation System
12 Adaptive Compression
12 Disadvantaged Business Enterprise Program
12 Airport Lease Agreements
13 Rates and Charges
13 Standards for Communicating and Using Airport Information
13 Recommended Practices
14 Common-Use Passenger Processing Systems
14 Airport Operational Databases
14 Extensible Markup Language
15 Collaboration and Sharing Information
16 Chapter 3 Best Practices for Integration
17 Stakeholders
17 Integration Steps
18 Case Study Examples
18 Step 1: Define Business Objectives and Identify Information Needs
20 Step 2: Identify, Define, and Evaluate Information Processes
21 Step 3: Determine Who "Owns" the Data and Identify the Systems
23 Step 4: Define Success and How to Measure It
23 Step 5: Define All of the Business Rules
25 Step 6: Perform a Gap Analysis
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26 Step 7: Evaluate the Non-Financial Costs and Benefits of Integration
27 Step 8: Evaluate the Financial Costs and Benefits of Integration
28 Step 9: Determine an Effective Integration Strategy and Technologies
30 Step 10: Implement the Strategy and Technologies
30 Step 11: Test, Evaluate, and Follow Up
32 Step 12: Maintain the Systems
32 Setting Milestones
34 Chapter 4 Airport Information
34 Finance and Administration
34 Overview
36 Significant Metrics from Finance and Administration Business-Critical
Information
37 Operations
37 Overview
41 Significant Metrics from Operations Business-Critical Information
43 Maintenance
43 Overview
46 Significant Metrics from Maintenance Business-Critical Information
47 Engineering
47 Overview
50 Significant Metrics from Engineering Business-Critical Information
51 Security
51 Overview
54 Significant Metrics from Security Business-Critical Information
54 Public Relations
54 Overview
56 Significant Metrics from Public Relations Business-Critical Information
57 Chapter 5 Airport Systems
57 Data Processes
57 Integration Failure Example
58 Research Conclusions
58 Data
58 Data Processes
58 Standards
58 Phased Approach
59 Data Rules
59 Disparate Data Sources
59 Official Airline Guide
59 Airline Direct Feed
60 FAA Direct Feed
60 Flight Information Display System
60 Summary of Data Sources
60 Systems Examination
62 Systems Examination Exercise
64 Information System Samples
70 Chapter 6 Architecture, Strategies, Technologies,
and Contracts
70 Systems Architecture
70 Open Architecture Systems
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71 Protocols
71 Legacy Systems
72 Integration Strategies and Technologies
72 Integration Strategies
74 Integration Technologies
76 Software Contracts
76 End-User Object Code Software License Contract
76 Software Maintenance Agreement
76 Software Escrow Agreement
77 Enterprise Software Agreement
78 Chapter 7 Manager's Dashboard
78 The Dashboard
79 Dashboard Indicators
79 SMART Indicators
79 Sample Dashboards
84 Glossary
