Impact of Shoulder Width and Median Width on Safety (2009)

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35 28. Miaou, S., R. Bligh, and D. Lord. “Developing Median Barrier Instal- lation Guidelines: A Benefit/Cost Analysis Using Texas Data,” Trans- portation Research Record 1904. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC (2005); pp. 3–19. 29. Agent, K. and J. Pigman. Accidents Involving Vehicles Parked on Shoulders of Limited Access Highways, Report KTC-89-36. Kentucky Transportation Center, Lexington, KY (1989). 30. Hauer, E. “Shoulder Width, Shoulder Paving and Safety,” www. trafficsafetyresearch.com (2000). 31. Rogness, R., D. Fambro, and D. Turner. “Before-After Accident Analysis for Two Shoulder Upgrading Alternatives,” Transporta- tion Research Record 855. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1982); pp. 41–47. 32. Harwood, D., F. Council, E. Hauer, W. Hughes, and A. Vogt. Pre- diction of the Expected Safety Performance of Rural Two-Lane High- ways, Report FHWA-RD-99-207. FHWA, Washington, DC (2000). 33. Hauer, E. “The Median and Safety,” www.trafficsafetyresearch.com (2000). 34. Council, F., and J. Stewart. “Safety Effects of the Conversion of Rural Two-Lane to Four-Lane Roadways Based on Cross Sectional Models,” Transportation Research Record 1665. Transportation Re- search Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC. (1999); pp. 35–43. 35. Strathman, J., K. Duecker, J. Zang, and T. Williams. Analysis of Design Attributes and Crashes on Oregon Highway System, Report FHWA-OR-RD-02-01. FHWA, Washington, DC (2001). 36. Elvik, R. and T. Vaa. Handbook of Road Safety Measures. Elsevier, Oxford, UK (2004). 37. Neuman, T., R. Pfefer, K. Slack, K. Hardy, H. McGee, L. Prothe, K. Eccles, and F. Council. NCHRP Report 500, Volume 4: A Guide for Addressing Head-On Collisions. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC (2003). 38. Fitzpatrick, K., D. Lord, and B. Park. “Accident Modification Factors for Medians on Freeways and Multilane Highways in Texas,” Transportation Research Record 1665. Transportation Re- search Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC. (2008); pp. 62–71. 39. Elvik, R. “The Safety Value of Guardrails and Crash Cushions” Accident Analysis and Prevention. 27(4), (1995); pp. 523–550. 40. Agent, K. and J. Pigman. Safety Impacts of Rural Road Construction, Report KTC-01-01, Kentucky Transportation Center, Lexington, KY (2001). 41. Washington, S., B. Persaud, C. Lyon, and J. Oh. Validation of Accident Models for Intersections, Report No. FHWA-RD-03-037. FHWA, Washington, DC (2005). 42. Lord, D., and J. Bonneson. “Development of Accident Modification Factors for Rural Frontage Road Segments in Texas.” Transporta- tion Research Record 2023, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC (2007); pp. 20–27. 43. Myers, R. Classical and Modern Regression with Applications, 2nd ed. Duxbury Press, Pacific Grove, CA (2000). 44. Lord, D. “Modeling Motor Vehicle Crashes Using Poisson-gamma Models: Examining the Effects of the Low Mean Problem and Small Sample Size on the Estimation of the Fixed Dispersion Parameter.” Accident Analysis & Prevention, 38(4) (2006); pp. 751–766. 45. Hughes, W., K. Eccles, D. Harwood, I. Potts, and E. Hauer. NCHRP Web-Only Document 62: Development of a Highway Safety Manual. “Appendix C: Highway Safety Manual Prototype Chapter: Two-Lane Highways.” Transportation Research Board of the National Acad- emies, Washington, DC (2005); www.highwaysafetymanual.org/ (accessed May 2008). 46. SAS Institute Inc. Version 9 of the SAS System for Windows. Cary, NC (2002). 47. Oh, J., C. Lyon, S. Washington, B. Persaud, and J. Bared. “Validation of FHWA Crash Models for Rural Intersections: Lessons Learned.” Transportation Research Record 1840. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC (2003); pp. 41–49. 48. Mitra, S., and S. Washington. “On the Nature of Over-Dispersion in Motor Vehicle Crash Prediction Models,” Accident Analysis & Prevention (in press). 49. Lord, D. and J. Bonneson. “Role and Application of Accident Mod- ification Factors Within Highway Design Process,” Transportation Research Record 1961. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington DC (2006); pp. 65–73.