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ACRP
AIRPORT
COOPERATIVE
RESEARCH
PROGRAM
SYNTHESIS 15
Sponsored by
Identification of the Requirements the Federal
and Training to Obtain Driving Aviation Administration
Privileges on Airfields
A Synthesis of Airport Practice
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ACRP OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE* TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 2009 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE*
CHAIR OFFICERS
JAMES WILDING Chair: Adib K. Kanafani, Cahill Professor of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley
Independent Consultant Vice Chair: Michael R. Morris, Director of Transportation, North Central Texas Council of
Governments, Arlington
VICE CHAIR Executive Director: Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Transportation Research Board
JEFF HAMIEL MEMBERS
MinneapolisSt. Paul
Metropolitan Airports Commission J. BARRY BARKER, Executive Director, Transit Authority of River City, Louisville, KY
ALLEN D. BIEHLER, Secretary, Pennsylvania DOT, Harrisburg
MEMBERS LARRY L. BROWN, SR., Executive Director, Mississippi DOT, Jackson
DEBORAH H. BUTLER, Executive Vice President, Planning, and CIO, Norfolk Southern
JAMES CRITES Corporation, Norfolk, VA
DallasFt. Worth International Airport WILLIAM A.V. CLARK, Professor, Department of Geography, University of California,
RICHARD DE NEUFVILLE Los Angeles
Massachusetts Institute of Technology DAVID S. EKERN, Commissioner, Virginia DOT, Richmond
KEVIN C. DOLLIOLE NICHOLAS J. GARBER, Henry L. Kinnier Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
Unison Consulting University of Virginia, Charlottesville
JOHN K. DUVAL JEFFREY W. HAMIEL, Executive Director, Metropolitan Airports Commission, Minneapolis, MN
Beverly Municipal Airport EDWARD A. (NED) HELME, President, Center for Clean Air Policy, Washington, DC
KITTY FREIDHEIM WILL KEMPTON, Director, California DOT, Sacramento
Freidheim Consulting SUSAN MARTINOVICH, Director, Nevada DOT, Carson City
STEVE GROSSMAN DEBRA L. MILLER, Secretary, Kansas DOT, Topeka
Oakland International Airport NEIL J. PEDERSEN, Administrator, Maryland State Highway Administration, Baltimore
TOM JENSEN PETE K. RAHN, Director, Missouri DOT, Jefferson City
National Safe Skies Alliance SANDRA ROSENBLOOM, Professor of Planning, University of Arizona, Tucson
CATHERINE M. LANG TRACY L. ROSSER, Vice President, Corporate Traffic, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Bentonville, AR
Federal Aviation Administration ROSA CLAUSELL ROUNTREE, Consultant, Tyrone, GA
GINA MARIE LINDSEY STEVE T. SCALZO, Chief Operating Officer, Marine Resources Group, Seattle, WA
Los Angeles World Airports HENRY G. (GERRY) SCHWARTZ, JR., Chairman (retired), Jacobs/Sverdrup Civil, Inc.,
CAROLYN MOTZ St. Louis, MO
Hagerstown Regional Airport C. MICHAEL WALTON, Ernest H. Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering, University of
RICHARD TUCKER Texas, Austin
Huntsville International Airport LINDA S. WATSON, CEO, LYNXCentral Florida Regional Transportation Authority, Orlando
STEVE WILLIAMS, Chairman and CEO, Maverick Transportation, Inc., Little Rock, AR
EX OFFICIO MEMBERS
SABRINA JOHNSON EX OFFICIO MEMBERS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency THAD ALLEN (Adm., U.S. Coast Guard), Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, DC
RICHARD MARCHI REBECCA M. BREWSTER, President and COO, American Transportation Research Institute,
Airports Council International-- Smyrna, GA
North America GEORGE BUGLIARELLO, President Emeritus and University Professor, Polytechnic Institute
LAURA McKEE of New York University, Brooklyn; Foreign Secretary, National Academy of Engineering,
Air Transport Association of America Washington, DC
HENRY OGRODZINSKI JAMES E. CAPONITI, Acting Deputy Administrator, Maritime Administration, U.S.DOT
National Association of State Aviation CYNTHIA DOUGLASS, Acting Deputy Administrator, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety
Officials Administration, U.S.DOT
MELISSA SABATINE LEROY GISHI, Chief, Division of Transportation, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of
American Association of Airport the Interior, Washington, DC
Executives EDWARD R. HAMBERGER, President and CEO, Association of American Railroads, Washington, DC
ROBERT E. SKINNER, JR. JOHN C. HORSLEY, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Research Board Transportation Officials, Washington, DC
ROSE A. MCMURRY, Acting Deputy Administrator, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration,
SECRETARY U.S.DOT
CHRISTOPHER W. JENKS RONALD MEDFORD, Acting Deputy Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,
Transportation Research Board U.S.DOT
WILLIAM W. MILLAR, President, American Public Transportation Association, Washington, DC
LYNNE A. OSMUS, Acting Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S.DOT
JEFFREY F. PANIATI, Acting Deputy Administrator and Executive Director, Federal Highway
Administration, U.S.DOT
STEVEN K. SMITH, Acting Deputy Administrator, Research and Innovative Technology
Administration, U.S.DOT
JO STRANG, Acting Deputy Administrator, Federal Railroad Administration, U.S.DOT
ROBERT L. VAN ANTWERP (Lt. Gen., U.S. Army), Chief of Engineers and Commanding
General, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC
MATTHEW WELBES, Executive Director and Acting Deputy Administrator, Federal Transit
Administration, U.S.DOT
*Membership as of November 2008. *Membership as of February 2009.
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AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM
ACRP SYNTHESIS 15
Identification of the Requirements
and Training to Obtain Driving
Privileges on Airfields
A Synthesis of Airport Practice
CONSULTANT
BEN CASTELLANO
Airport Safety Consultants, LLC
Gambrills, Maryland
S UBJECT A REAS
Aviation
Research Sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD
WASHINGTON, D.C.
2009
www.TRB.org
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AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM ACRP SYNTHESIS 15
Airports are vital national resources. They serve a key role in Project 11-03, Topic S04-03
transportation of people and goods and in regional, national, and ISSN 1935-9187
international commerce. They are where the nation's aviation sys- ISBN 978-0-309-09838-0
tem connects with other modes of transportation and where federal Library of Congress Control Number 2009926402
responsibility for managing and regulating air traffic operations
intersects with the role of state and local governments that own and © 2009 Transportation Research Board
operate most airports. Research is necessary to solve common oper-
ating problems, to adapt appropriate new technologies from other
industries, and to introduce innovations into the airport industry. COPYRIGHT PERMISSION
The Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) serves as one Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for
of the principal means by which the airport industry can develop obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the
innovative near-term solutions to meet demands placed on it. copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein.
The need for ACRP was identified in TRB Special Report 272: Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce
Airport Research Needs: Cooperative Solutions in 2003, based on material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes.
a study sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will
The ACRP carries out applied research on problems that are shared be used to imply TRB or FAA endorsement of a particular product, method,
by airport operating agencies and are not being adequately or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this
addressed by existing federal research programs. It is modeled after document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate
the successful National Cooperative Highway Research Program acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For
and Transit Cooperative Research Program. The ACRP undertakes other uses of the material, request permission from CRP.
research and other technical activities in a variety of airport subject
areas, including design, construction, maintenance, operations,
safety, security, policy, planning, human resources, and adminis- NOTICE
tration. The ACRP provides a forum where airport operators can
cooperatively address common operational problems. The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the Airport
The ACRP was authorized in December 2003 as part of the Cooperative Research Program conducted by the Transportation Research
Vision 100-Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act. The primary Board with the approval of the Governing Board of the National Research
participants in the ACRP are (1) an independent governing board, Council. Such approval reflects the Governing Board's judgment that the
the ACRP Oversight Committee (AOC), appointed by the Secretary project concerned is appropriate with respect to both the purposes and
of the U.S. Department of Transportation with representation from resources of the National Research Council.
airport operating agencies, other stakeholders, and relevant indus- The members of the technical advisory panel selected to monitor this
try organizations such as the Airports Council International-North project and to review this report were chosen for recognized scholarly
America (ACI-NA), the American Association of Airport Execu- competence and with due consideration for the balance of disciplines
tives (AAAE), the National Association of State Aviation Officials appropriate to the project. The opinions and conclusions expressed or
implied are those of the research agency that performed the research, and
(NASAO), and the Air Transport Association (ATA) as vital links
while they have been accepted as appropriate by the technical panel, they
to the airport community; (2) the TRB as program manager and sec-
are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National
retariat for the governing board; and (3) the FAA as program spon-
Research Council, or the Federal Aviation Administration of the U.S.
sor. In October 2005, the FAA executed a contract with the National
Department of Transportation.
Academies formally initiating the program. Each report is reviewed and accepted for publication by the technical
The ACRP benefits from the cooperation and participation of air- panel according to procedures established and monitored by the
port professionals, air carriers, shippers, state and local government Transportation Research Board Executive Committee and the Governing
officials, equipment and service suppliers, other airport users, and Board of the National Research Council.
research organizations. Each of these participants has different
interests and responsibilities, and each is an integral part of this
cooperative research effort.
Research problem statements for the ACRP are solicited period- The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National
ically but may be submitted to the TRB by anyone at any time. It is Research Council, and the Federal Aviation Administration (sponsor of
the responsibility of the AOC to formulate the research program by the Airport Cooperative Research Program) do not endorse products or
identifying the highest priority projects and defining funding levels manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers' names appear herein solely because
and expected products. they are considered essential to the clarity and completeness of the project
Once selected, each ACRP project is assigned to an expert panel, reporting.
appointed by the TRB. Panels include experienced practitioners and
research specialists; heavy emphasis is placed on including airport
professionals, the intended users of the research products. The panels
prepare project statements (requests for proposals), select contractors,
and provide technical guidance and counsel throughout the life of the Published reports of the
project. The process for developing research problem statements and
selecting research agencies has been used by TRB in managing coop- AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM
erative research programs since 1962. As in other TRB activities, are available from:
ACRP project panels serve voluntarily without compensation.
Primary emphasis is placed on disseminating ACRP results to the Transportation Research Board
intended end-users of the research: airport operating agencies, service Business Office
500 Fifth Street, NW
providers, and suppliers. The ACRP produces a series of research Washington, DC 20001
reports for use by airport operators, local agencies, the FAA, and other
interested parties, and industry associations may arrange for work- and can be ordered through the Internet at
http://www.national-academies.org/trb/bookstore
shops, training aids, field visits, and other activities to ensure that
results are implemented by airport-industry practitioners. Printed in the United States of America
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The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished schol-
ars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology
and to their use for the general welfare. On the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in
1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and techni-
cal matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Acad-
emy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration
and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for
advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs
aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achieve-
ments of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the
services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining
to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of
Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, on its own initiative,
to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the
Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate
the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and
advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Acad-
emy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences
and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scien-
tific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both the Academies and the Insti-
tute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively,
of the National Research Council.
The Transportation Research Board is one of six major divisions of the National Research Council. The
mission of the Transportation Research Board is to provide leadership in transportation innovation and
progress through research and information exchange, conducted within a setting that is objective, interdisci-
plinary, and multimodal. The Board's varied activities annually engage about 7,000 engineers, scientists, and
other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of
whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state transportation depart-
ments, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation,
and other organizations and individuals interested in the development of transportation. www.TRB.org
www.national-academies.org
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ACRP COMMITTEE FOR PROJECT 11-03 COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAMS STAFF
CHRISTOPHER W. JENKS, Director, Cooperative Research Programs
CHAIR CRAWFORD F. JENCKS, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research
BURR STEWART Programs
Port of Seattle MICHAEL R. SALAMONE, Senior Program Officer
EILEEN DELANEY, Director of Publications
MEMBERS
GARY C. CATHEY ACRP SYNTHESIS STAFF
California Department of Transportation STEPHEN R. GODWIN, Director for Studies and Special Programs
KEVIN C. DOLLIOLE JON M. WILLIAMS, Program Director, IDEA and Synthesis Studies
Unison Consulting, Inc. GAIL STABA, Senior Program Officer
JULIE KENFIELD DON TIPPMAN, Editor
Jacobs CHERYL Y. KEITH, Senior Program Assistant
CAROLYN MOTZ
Hagerstown Regional Airport TOPIC PANEL
BRUCE APPLEBACH, Kent County (MI) Department of Aeronautics
FAA LIAISON JOHN K. DUVAL, Beverly Municipal Airport
LORI PAGNANELLI LYNDA FOLEY, Dallas Fort Worth International Airport
DAN HANNON, Volpe Center, Tufts University
ACINORTH AMERICA LIAISON EDWIN JONES, Cleveland Hopkins International Airport
A.J. MULDOON JOANNE LANDRY, Landry Consulting, Seattle, Washington
JIM MONTMAN, Santa Fe Municipal Airport
TRB LIAISON JOHN OSTROM, MinneapolisSt. Paul Metropolitan Airports
CHRISTINE GERENCHER Commission
RICHARD PAIN, Transportation Research Board
PAM PHILLIPS, Port Authority of New York & New Jersey
BRUCE LANDRY, Federal Aviation Administration (Liaison)
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FOREWORD Airport administrators, engineers, and researchers often face problems for which infor-
mation already exists, either in documented form or as undocumented experience and prac-
tice. This information may be fragmented, scattered, and unevaluated. As a consequence,
full knowledge of what has been learned about a problem may not be brought to bear on its
solution. Costly research findings may go unused, valuable experience may be overlooked,
and due consideration may not be given to recommended practices for solving or alleviat-
ing the problem.
There is information on nearly every subject of concern to the airport industry. Much of
it derives from research or from the work of practitioners faced with problems in their day-
to-day work. To provide a systematic means for assembling and evaluating such useful in-
formation and to make it available to the entire airport community, the Airport Cooperative
Research Program authorized the Transportation Research Board to undertake a continu-
ing project. This project, ACRP Project 11-03, "Synthesis of Information Related to Air-
port Practices," searches out and synthesizes useful knowledge from all available sources
and prepares concise, documented reports on specific topics. Reports from this endeavor
constitute an ACRP report series, Synthesis of Airport Practice.
This synthesis series reports on current knowledge and practice, in a compact format,
without the detailed directions usually found in handbooks or design manuals. Each report
in the series provides a compendium of the best knowledge available on those measures
found to be the most successful in resolving specific problems.
PREFACE It is an accepted fact that airfield driver training programs are necessary to help prevent
By Gail Staba and reduce runway incursions that may be caused by vehicle drivers on the movement areas
Senior Program Officer (taxiways and runways) of an airport. Many airport operators also require drivers who are
Transportation not authorized to drive on the movement area to go through a driver training course for the
Research Board non-movement area (ramps and aprons). Basically, airport operators know that, owing to
congestion and distractions on the ramps and aprons, the best way to promote safety is to
ensure that there are rules and regulations to help prevent accidents, and that personnel who
work on those ramps and aprons are aware of the dangers that exist. The purpose of this re-
port is to provide airport operators with information on the requirements and training re-
quired to obtain driving privileges on airport airfields, and the differences and similarities
that might exist among the various airports throughout the country. The report also contains
information on the types of training programs available to airport employees based on
where the employees were authorized to drive
Information used in this study was acquired through a review of the literature and inter-
views with airport operators and industry experts.
Ben Castellano, Airport Safety Consultants, LLC, Gambrills, Maryland, collected and
synthesized the information and wrote the report. The members of the topic panel are ac-
knowledged on the preceding page. This synthesis is an immediately useful document that
records the practices that were acceptable within the limitations of the knowledge available
at the time of its preparation. As progress in research and practice continues, new knowl-
edge will be added to that now at hand.
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CONTENTS
1 SUMMARY
3 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
Background, 3
Objective of Study, 3
Literature and Data Search, 4
Survey, 4
Classification of Airports, 5
Airports and Part 139, Airport Certification, 5
Non-Movement and Movement Areas, 6
8 CHAPTER TWO AIRFIELD DRIVER TRAINING PROGRAMS
9 CHAPTER THREE SURVEY RESULTS
Section 1. General, 9
Section 2. Non-Movement Area Requirements, 12
Section 3. Movement Area Requirements, 14
Section 4. Other, 19
20 CHAPTER FOUR CONCLUSIONS
21 REFERENCES
22 APPENDIX A SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
29 APPENDIX B SURVEY RESPONDENTS
31 APPENDIX C 14 CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS PART 139
32 APPENDIX D EXAMPLES OF CERTALERTS
35 APPENDIX E SURVEY RESULTS
