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66 Guidebook for Managing Small Airports Safety and Security Measures Airport operators are responsible for closely monitoring tenant and construction contractor activity during the construction project to ensure continual compliance with all safety and secu- rity requirements. Airports subject to 49 CFR 1542, Airport Security, must meet standards for access control, movement of ground vehicles, and identification of construction contractor and tenant personnel. Some keys areas of consideration for safety and security are · Vehicle operation, marking, and pedestrian control; · Construction vehicle equipment parking; · Radio communication training; · Fencing and gates; and · Traffic control. Notification of Construction Activities To maintain the desired levels of operational safety on airports during construction activities, the safety plan should contain the following notification actions: · NOTAMs. The airport operator must provide information on closed or hazardous conditions on airport movement areas to the FSS so it can issue a NOTAM. The airport operator must coor- dinate with tenants and the local air traffic facility the issuance, maintenance, and cancellation of NOTAMs about airport conditions resulting from the construction activities. Only the air- port operator or an authorized representative may issue or cancel NOTAMs on airport condi- tions. (The airport owner/operator is the only entity that can close or open a runway.) The airport operator must file and maintain this list of authorized representatives from the FSS. Any person having reason to believe that a NOTAM is missing, incomplete, or inaccurate must notify the airport operator. · ARFF Notification · Notification to the FAA Airport Construction Activities Preconstruction Conference A preconstruction meeting, convened and conducted by the sponsor or an authorized agent, should be used to discuss various items including operational safety, testing, quality control, secu- rity, safety, labor requirements, and environmental factors. This meeting, among all parties affected by the construction, should help anticipate potential problems that may result from the project construction and develop solutions to avoid or minimize them. Participants will vary according to the effect that the proposed construction will have on the operation of the airport. As applicable, the sponsor should invite the sponsor's engineer, the resi- dent engineer, airport management, the responsible testing company, the prime contractor and subcontractors, airport users such as FBOs and pilot associations, affected utilities, applicable envi- ronmental agencies, and representation from the FAA. General discussion topics at the preconstruction meeting will consist of the following: · The scope of the project and the sequence of operations; · The relationship of the resident engineer to the sponsor and the authority of the resident engi- neer to suspend operations, wholly or in part, when safety violations or nonconformance to contract specifications are noted; · The relationship between the FAA and the sponsor; · Identification of the contractor's superintendent and his or her authority and responsibility; · Work schedule, the need to perform certain items at various stages of the project, and opera- tional or safety problems that might arise because of the proposed construction;

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Airport Planning and Development 67 · Issuance of the notice to proceed and contract completion requirements; · Safety and security requirements during construction (as discussed previously); and · The need for continuing vigilance for potential or existing hazards relative to any of the fol- lowing items: ­ Open trenches and settlement of backfill adjacent to pavements, ­ Pavement "drop-offs" or "lips" at tie-in areas, ­ The obliteration, inadvertent relocation, or disturbance of the marking and/or lighting of a displaced threshold or marking or lighting of closed runways and taxiways, ­ Damages to existing lighting, markings, or NAVAIDs by construction forces, ­ Spillage from vehicles on active airport pavements, ­ Temporary stockpiling of material for an extended period of time, ­ Contractor vehicular traffic through restricted critical areas of NAVAID facilities and the airport operating areas, and ­ Dust and erosion control and other environmental factors. FAA Form 7460-1 FAA Form 7460-1, Notice of Proposed Construction or Alteration, must be submitted to the FAA to give notification of construction proposed on airports that are open to the public. Form 7460-1 must also be filed for any construction or alteration proposed on an airport that is available for public use. Once the form has been submitted to the FAA, a determination will be made as to whether the proposed construction or alteration is acceptable. Generally, the notification must be sent to the FAA regional/airports district office 30 days before the start of construction or the filing of a construction permit, whichever occurs first. The FAA will do an aeronautical case study to evaluate the impact to the airport and, once completed, will issue its determination. The possible outcomes of the aeronautical case study are as follows: · No Objection. The subject construction did not exceed obstruction standards and marking/ lighting is not required. · Conditional Determination. The proposed construction/alternation would be acceptable contingent upon implementing mitigation measures (marking and lighting, etc.) · Objectionable. The proposed construction/alteration is determined to be a hazard and is thus objectionable. The reasons for this determination are outlined to the proponent. Quality Control The FAA has issued guidance for quality control of airport grant construction projects in the form of AC 150/5370-12A (14). This AC establishes guidelines and standards for construction projects and states the responsibilities of the sponsor, engineer, and FAA project manager. Typically, general aviation airports do not have the staff or expertise to perform the construc- tion supervision and testing required for determining acceptability and quality of construction. Most general aviation airports will retain a consulting engineering firm to represent the sponsor and have the responsibility for reporting on the acceptability and quality of the work. During con- struction, this responsibility is typically that of the resident engineer. The resident engineer must have field experience in the type of work to be performed; be fully qualified to make interpreta- tions, decisions, field computations, and the like; and have the knowledge of testing requirements and procedures. The resident engineer must have the authority to reject both unsatisfactory work- manship and unsatisfactory materials. The primary duties of the resident engineer are to · Check activities to ensure compliance with the plans and specifications, and inform the con- tractor of any work that is in noncompliance.

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68 Guidebook for Managing Small Airports · Ensure that all testing required by the specifications is performed. All commercially produced products, such as pipe and reinforcing steel, that are used on the project should be accompanied by numerical test results or a certification from the manufacturer that the material meets the applicable standards. · Visit the testing laboratory to determine if it has the equipment and qualified personnel nec- essary to conduct the tests required by the specifications. · Ensure that tests are performed at the frequency stated in the specifications. Determine when and where tests will be taken and witness tests. If not indicated in the specifications, a suffi- cient number of tests should be taken to verify that the construction is acceptable. · Review test reports and certifications for conformance to the specifications. Each test report for material in place should, at a minimum, contain the following: ­ Test performed and date, ­ Applicable standard or project specification, ­ Test location, ­ Test result, ­ Action taken on failing tests, and ­ Locations and adjusted contract price when statistical acceptance procedures are specified or when provisions allow for reduced payment. · Maintain a file of test reports and certifications. · Inform the contractor of deficiencies so corrections can be made and retesting performed prior to covering any substandard work with additional material. · Document quantities of materials used on the project by actual measurements and computa- tions in a field book or on computer printouts retained in a folder. · Maintain a set of drawings that can be used to document "as constructed" conditions. · Review payment requests from the contractor. · Review and inspect construction conformance to erosion control plan. Document any prob- lems and communicate corrective actions necessary to contractor. · Maintain a project diary that documents work, location, weather, equipment, personnel, and other related details. · Handle change orders, time extensions, payments, and liquidated damages. Labor and Civil Rights Requirements Labor requirements on federally funded airport improvements include such items as · Minimum wage rates, · Employee classification and submittal of payroll reports, and · Review of payroll submittals for conformance to federal and state wage rates. Civil rights requirements on federally funded airport improvements include such items as · A determined goal for percentage of the work to be completed by a Disadvantaged Business Enterprise, · Equal Employment Opportunity, and · Certification of non-segregated facilities. Project Completion and Closeout Once the construction project has reached substantial completion, a final inspection is gener- ally scheduled with the sponsor, engineer, contractor, airport management, and applicable FAA representatives. The final inspection should give all parties an opportunity to walk the project and identify any final corrective actions that must be completed in the development of a punch list. Upon substantial completion, it is also necessary to flight-check any new or adjusted navigational aids and to test the operation of lighting and other visual aids.