National Academies Press: OpenBook

Infectious Diseases of Mice and Rats (1991)

Chapter: Clinical Signs

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Suggested Citation:"Clinical Signs." National Research Council. 1991. Infectious Diseases of Mice and Rats. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1429.
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Clinical Signs

A

Abdominal Enlargement

  Kilham rat virus

  Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

  Murine leukemia viruses

Abortions and Stillbirths

  Streptobacillus moniliformis

Abscesses

  Cervical

    Klebsiella pneumoniae

    Pasteurella pneumotropica

    Streptococcus pyogenes

  Facial, orbital, and tail

    Staphylococcus aureus

  Preputial gland

    Pasteurella pneumotropica

    Staphylococcus aureus

Alopecia

  (see Dermatitis and Alopecia)

Amputations, Necrotic, of Limbs or Tails

  Corynebacterium kutscheri

  Ectromelia virus

  Mycoplasma arthritidis

  Poxvirus(es) in rats

  Ringtail

  Streptobacillus moniliformis

Annular Constrictions of Tail

  Ringtail

Anorexia

  Corynebacterium kutscheri

  Ectromelia virus

  Klebsiella pneumoniae

  Poxvirus(es) in rats

Ataxia

  Kilham rat virus

Athymic (nu/nu) Mice, More Susceptible than Immunocompetent Mice to:

  Chlamydia trachomatis

  Encephalitozoon cuniculi

  Giardia muris

  Mouse cytomegalovirus

  Mouse hepatitis virus

  Pneumocystis carinii

  Pneumonia virus of mice

Suggested Citation:"Clinical Signs." National Research Council. 1991. Infectious Diseases of Mice and Rats. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1429.
×

  Polyoma virus

  Sendai virus

  Spironucleus muris

  Staphylococcus aureus

  Syphacia sp.

Athymic (nu/nu) Mice, Equally or Less Susceptible than Immunocompetent Mice to:

  Bacillus piliformis

  K virus

  Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

  Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

  Mycoplasma pulmonis

  Reovirus-3

  Streptococcus pneumoniae

Athymic (nu/nu) Mice, Not Susceptible to:

  Myobia musculi

  Myocoptes musculinus

B

Birth Weight Reduced

  Salmonella enteritidis

  Sendai virus

C

Cervical Edema

  Sialodacryoadenitis virus

Chattering (Mice)

Chlamydia trachomatis

  Mycoplasma pulmonis

  Sendai virus

Circling (or Rolling)

  Kilham rat virus

  Mycoplasma neurolyticum (experimental)

  Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  Streptobacillus moniliformis

  Theiler's virus

Conjunctivitis

  Ectromelia virus

  Pasteurella pneumotropica

  Salmonella enteritidis

  Sialodacryoadenitis virus

  Staphylococcus aureus

  Streptobacillus moniliformis

Convulsions

  Theiler's virus

Corneal Ulceration

  Sialodacryoadenitis virus

Cyanosis

  Chlamydia trachomatis

  Haemobartonella muris

  Salmonella enteritidis

  Streptobacillus moniliformis

D

Deaths, High Mortality (greater than 50%) Possible

  Bacillus piliformis

  Citrobacterfreundii (Biotype 4280)

  Ectromelia virus

  Mouse hepatitis virus (infant mice)

  Poxvirus(es) in rats

  Salmonella enteritidis

  Streptobacillus moniliformis

  Theiler's virus

Deaths in Neonates

  Mouse hepatitis virus

  Sendai virus

Deaths Unlikely (in uncomplicated infections)

  Aspicularis tetraptera

  Encephalitozoon cuniculi

  Entamoeba muris

  Eperythrozoon coccoides

  Giardia muris

  Hantaviruses

  H-1 virus

  Hymenolepis nana

  K virus

  Lactic dehydrogenase-elevating virus

  Minute virus of mice

  Mouse adenoviruses

  Mouse cytomegalovirus

  Mouse thymic virus

  Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

  Mycoplasma arthritidis

Suggested Citation:"Clinical Signs." National Research Council. 1991. Infectious Diseases of Mice and Rats. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1429.
×

  Mycoplasma collis

  Mycoplasma muris

  Mycoplasma neurolyticum

  Pasteurella pneumotropica

  Pneumocystis carinii

  Pneumonia virus of mice

  Polyoma virus

  Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  Radfordia affinis

  Rat coronavirus

  Rat rotavirus-like agent

  Sialodacryoadenitis virus

  Spironucleus muris

  Syphacia sp.

  Theiler's virus

  Tritrichomonas muris

Deaths, Usually Low Mortality

  Corynebacterium kutscheri

  Haemobartonella muris

  Kilham rat virus

  Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

  Mouse hepatitis virus

  Mouse rotavirus

  Mycoplasma pulmonis

  Salmonella enteritidis

  Sendai virus

  Streptococcus pneumoniae

Dehydration (see Diarrhea)

Dermatitis and Alopecia

  Due to Infectious Agents

Dermatophytes (fungi)

Ectromelia virus

Mouse papule virus

Myobia musculi

Myocoptes musculinus

Pasteurella pneumotropica

Staphylococcus aureus

  Due to Noninfectious Causes

Bite (fight wounds)

Hair growth arrest

Muzzle alopecia

"Whisker trimming" ("hair nibbling," "barbering")

Diarrhea

  Bacillus piliformis

  Citrobacterfreundii (Biotype 4280)

  Giardia muris (evidence uncertain)

  Mouse hepatitis virus (infant mice)

  Mouse rotavirus (infant mice)

  Reovirus-3 (evidence uncertain)

  Salmonella enteritidis

  Spironucleus muris (evidence uncertain)

Draining Superficial Lymph Nodes

  Klebsiella pneumoniae

  Streptococcus pyogenes

Dyspnea

  Chlamydia trachomatis

  Cilia-associated respiratory bacillus

  Corynebacterium kutscheri

  Haemobartonella muris

  Murine leukemia virus

  Mycoplasma pulmonis

  Sendai virus

  Streptococcus pneumoniae

E

Emaciation

  Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

  Salmonella enteritidis

  Streptobacillus moniliformis

F

Facial Abscesses

  Staphylococcus aureus

Facial Edema

  Ectromelia virus

G

Gestation Prolonged

  Sendai virus

Growth Retardation

  Cilia-associated respiratory bacillus

  Citrobacter freundii (Biotype 4280)

  Hymenolepis nana

  Kilham rat virus

  Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

  Mycoplasma pulmonis

Suggested Citation:"Clinical Signs." National Research Council. 1991. Infectious Diseases of Mice and Rats. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1429.
×

  Rat rotavirus-like agent

  Reovirus-3 (evidence uncertain)

  Sendai virus

  Sialodacryoadenitis virus

H

Head Tilt

  Mycoplasma pulmonis

  Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  Theiler's virus

Hemoglobinuria

  Haemobartonella muris

  Streptobacillus moniliformis

Hunched Posture

  (see Reluctance to Move)

Hyperexcitability

  Theiler's virus

I

Inapparent Infections (Agents that usually cause subclinical or latent infections under natural conditions)

  Aspicularis tetraptera

  Bacillus piliformis

  Corynebacterium kutscheri

  Dermatophytes

  Encephalitozoon cuniculi

  Entamoeba muris

  Eperythrozoon coccoides

  Giardia muris

  Haemobartonella muris

  Hantaviruses

  Hymenolepis nana

  K virus

  Kilham rat virus

  Klebsiella pneumoniae

  Lactic dehydrogenase-elevating virus

  Leptospira interrogans serovar ballum

  Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

  Minute virus of mice

  Mouse adenoviruses

  Mouse cytomegalovirus

  Mouse hepatitis virus

  Mouse mammary tumor virus

  Mouse rotavirus

J

Jaundice

  Kilham rat virus

  Mouse hepatitis virus (athymic mice)

  Reovirus-3 (evidence uncertain)

K

Keratoconus

  Sialodacryoadenitis virus

Kyphosis

  Streptobacillus moniliformis

L

Litter Size Reduced

  Kilham rat virus

  Salmonella enteritidis

  Sendai virus

Lymphadenopathy

  Cervical

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Streptococcus pyogenes

  Peripheral

Murine leukemia viruses

Myobia musculi

Myocoptes musculinus

M

Mastitis

  Pasteurella pneumotropica

O

Ocular Discharge

  Sialodacryoadenitis virus

P

Pallor (Anemia)

  Haemobartonella muris

  Streptobacillus moniliformis

Panophthalmitis

  Pasteurella pneumotropica

Papular Rash

  Ectromelia virus

  Poxvirus(es) in rats

Paralysis of Rear Legs

  Lactic dehydrogenase-elevating virus (in C58 and AKR mice)

  Polyoma virus [in athymic (nulnu) mice]

Suggested Citation:"Clinical Signs." National Research Council. 1991. Infectious Diseases of Mice and Rats. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1429.
×

  Streptobacillus moniliformis

  Theiler's virus

Photophobia

  Sialodacryoadenitis virus

  Streptobacillus moniliformis

Pododermatitis

  Staphylococcus aureus

Polypnea

  Cilia-associated respiratory bacillus

  Corynebacterium kutscheri

  Mycoplasma pulmonis

  Streptococcus pneumoniae

Priapism

  Streptobacillus moniliformis

Pruritis

  Dermatophytes (fungi)

  Myobia musculi

  Myocoptes musculinus

  Staphylococcus aureus

R

Rectal Prolapse

  Citrobacter freundii (Biotype 4280)

  Syphacia sp. (evidence uncertain)

Reluctance to Move (Animals often sit in hunched posture and have ruffled coats)

  Bacillus piliformis

  Chlamydia trachomatis

  Ectromelia virus

  Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

  Mycoplasma pulmonis

  Salmonella enteritidis

  Respiratory Rales

  Cilia-associated respiratory bacillus

  Corynebacterium kutscheri

  Mycoplasma pulmonis

  Streptococcus pneumoniae

Ruffled Hair Coat

  (see Reluctance to Move)

Runting

  (see Wasting Syndrome)

S

Scrotal Cyanosis

  Kilham rat virus

Self-Mutilation of Penis

  Staphylococcus aureus

Skin Ulceration

  Dermatophytes (fungi)

  Myobia musculi

  Myocoptes musculinus

  Staphylococcus aureus

Sneezing

  Klebsiella pneumoniae

  Mycoplasma pulmonis

  Sialodacryoadenitis virus

Snuffling

  Cilia-associated respiratory bacillus

  Mycoplasma pulmonis

  Sendai virus

  Sialodacryoadenitis virus

  Streptococcus pneumoniae

Stunted Growth

  (see Growth Retardation)

Subcutaneous Mass

  Mouse mammary tumor virus

Swelling (Edema)

  Feet and tail

Ectromelia virus

Poxvirus(es) of rats

Ringtail Streptobacillus moniliformis

  Neck

Sialodacryoadenitis virus

Swollen, Reddened Joints

  Corynebacterium kutscheri

  Mycoplasma arthritidis

  Streptobacillus moniliformis

T

Tremors

  Theiler's virus

Suggested Citation:"Clinical Signs." National Research Council. 1991. Infectious Diseases of Mice and Rats. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1429.
×

W

Wasting Syndrome

  Mouse hepatitis virus [athymic (nu/nu) mice]

  Polyoma virus [athymic (nu/nu) mice]

Weight Loss

  Chlamydia trachomatis

  Citrobacter freundii (Biotype 4280)

  Corynebacterium kutscheri

  Haemobartonella muris

  Hymenolepis nana

  Kilham rat virus

  Mycoplasma pulmonis

  Salmonella enteritidis

  Sialodacryoadenitis virus

  Streptococcus pneumoniae

Suggested Citation:"Clinical Signs." National Research Council. 1991. Infectious Diseases of Mice and Rats. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1429.
×
Page 260
Suggested Citation:"Clinical Signs." National Research Council. 1991. Infectious Diseases of Mice and Rats. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1429.
×
Page 261
Suggested Citation:"Clinical Signs." National Research Council. 1991. Infectious Diseases of Mice and Rats. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1429.
×
Page 262
Suggested Citation:"Clinical Signs." National Research Council. 1991. Infectious Diseases of Mice and Rats. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1429.
×
Page 263
Suggested Citation:"Clinical Signs." National Research Council. 1991. Infectious Diseases of Mice and Rats. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1429.
×
Page 264
Suggested Citation:"Clinical Signs." National Research Council. 1991. Infectious Diseases of Mice and Rats. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1429.
×
Page 265
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This new edition—a must for all researchers who use these lab animals—provides practical suggestions for breeding, keeping, and identifying pathogen-free laboratory rodents. It contains three informative sections. The first, Principles of Rodent Disease Prevention, summarizes methods for eliminating infectious agents. It offers information on pathogen terminology; pathogen status of rodents; and breeding, transporting, isolating, testing, and diagnosing rodents. The second section, Individual Disease Agents and Their Effects on Research, describes the diagnosis and control of each infectious agent, and the last section, Diagnostic Indexes: Clinical Signs, Pathology, and Research Complications, contains informative tables covering all the diseases listed in the volume, arranged to help in the diagnosis of infected animals.

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