Cathodic Protection for Life Extension of Existing Reinforced Concrete Bridge Elements (2009)

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Simon, Cathodic Protection of Concrete Bridge Components, Quarterly Report SHRP- 87-C-C102B, Strategic Highway Research Program/ National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1989. 8. Broomfield, J. and J.S. Tinnea, Cathodic Protection of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Components, SHRP-C/ UWP-92-618, Strategic Highway Research Program/ National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1992. 9. AASHTO Guide Specification for Cathodic Protection of Concrete Bridge Decks, In AASHTO-AGC-ARTBA Task Force #29, FHWA-SA-93-067 HTA-22/7-93(50)E, Fed- eral Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 1993. 10. Hull, T.J., Cathodic Protection of Reinforced Concrete Bridges, National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Houston, Tex., 1985. 11. “Economic Effect of Metallic Corrosion in the United States,” In National Bureau of Standards Special Publica- tions 511-2, Battelle Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio, 1978. 12. Sohanghpurwala, A. and R. 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Ryell, A Strategy for the Rehabilita- tion of Concrete Bride Decks, Ontario Ministry of Trans- portation, Toronto, Canada, 1979. 18. Manning, D.G. and D.H. Bye, Bridge Deck Rehabilitation Manual, Part Two: Contract Preparation, Ontario Min- istry of Transportation and Communications, Toronto, Canada, 1984. 19. Saner, J.L., Zinc Anodes to Control Bridge Deck Deteri- oration, Report FHWA-IL-PR-69, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 1977, 20 pp. 20. Whiting, D. and D. Stark, NCHRP Report 234: Galvanic Cathodic Protection for Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks: Field Evaluation, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1981, 63 pp. 21. Clear, K.C., FCP Annual Progress Report for Period Ending September 30, 1981—Project 4K, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 1981. 22. Fromm, H.J. and F. Pianca, An Evaluation of Platinized Niobium Wire Anodes for Cathodic Protection of Bridge Support Structures, Ontario Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Toronto, Canada, 1981. 23. Stratfull, R.F., “Criteria for the Cathodic Protection of Bridge Decks,” In International Conference on the Corrosion of Reinforcement in Concrete Construction, London, 1983. 24. Nicholson, J.P., “New Approach to Cathodic Protection of Bridge Decks and Concrete Structures,” Transporta- tion Research Record 762, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1980, pp. 13–17. 25. Virmani, Y.P., FCP Annual Progress Report—Year End- ing September 30, 1982, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 1982. 26. Sohanghpurwala, A., Annual Report 2005: Cathodic Protection Maintenance I-64 Charleston, West Virginia, CONCORR, Inc., Sterling, Va., 2006. 27. Sohanghpurwala, A.A. and W.T. Scannell, Long-Term Effectiveness of Cathodic Protection Systems on Highway Structures, Federal Highway Administration, McLean, Va., 2000. 28. Perenchio, W.E., J.R. Landgren, K.C. Clear, and R.E. West, NCHRP Report 278: Cathodic Protection of Con- crete Bridge Structures, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1985, 60 pp. 29. Swait, W.J. and J.B. Bushman, Further Improvements in Cathodic Protection, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 1989. REFERENCES

30. Broomfield, J., P. Langford, and R. McAnoy, “Practical Aspects of Control by Cathodic Protection,” In GCC Seminar, London, England, 1987. 31. Ellis, W.J., Cathodic Protection of Concrete Bridge Struc- tures, NCHRP Project 12-19, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1980, not published. 32. Brown, R.P. and R.J. Kessler, “Paper Number 179: A New Concept in Cathodic Protection of Steel in Concrete—The Use of Conductive Materials,” In COR- ROSION 83, NACE, Anaheim, Calif., 1983. 33. Manning, D.G. and H. Shell, Substructure Cathodic Protection in Ontario: Field Trials 1982–1986, Ontario Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Toronto, Canada, 1987. 34. Sharp, S.R. and M.C. Brown, “Survey of Cathodic Pro- tection Systems on Virginia Bridges,” in FHWA/VTRC 07-R35, Virginia Transportation Research Council, Charlottesville, 2007. 35. Daily, S.F., “Paper Number 130: Results of an Experi- mental Cathodic Protection Installation Using Conduc- tive Coating Systems,” In CORROSION 87, NACE, San Francisco, Calif., 1987. 36. Apostolos, J.A., D.M. Parks, and R.A. Carello, “Paper Number 137: Cathodic Protection Using Metalized Zinc: A 3.5 Year Progress Report,” In CORROSION 87, NACE, San Francisco, Calif., 1987. 37. Carello, R.A., D.M. Parks, and J.A. Apostolos, Devel- opment, Testing and Field Application of Metalized Cathodic Protection Coatings on Reinforced Concrete Substructures, California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, 1989. 38. Kessler, R.J., R.G. Powers, and I.R. Lasa, “An Update on the Long Term Use of Cathodic Protection of Steel Reinforced Concrete Marine Structures,” In CORRO- SION 2002, NACE, Denver, Colo., 2002. 39. Kessler, R.J. and R.G. Powers, “Conductive Rubber as an Impressed Current Anode for Cathodic Protection of Steel Reinforced Concrete,” In CORROSION 89, NACE, New Orleans, La., 1989. 40. 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Scannell, “Designing Catho- dic Protection Systems with Optimal Current Distribu- tion,” In Corrosion 1992, NACE, Nashville, Tenn., 1992. 50. Sohanghpurwala, A. and W. Scannell, Long-Term Per- formance of Cathodic Protection Systems on Highway Structures, FHWA Report RD-01-096, Federal High- way Administration, Washington, D.C., 2003. 51. Broomfield, J. and J. Tinnea, Cathodic Protection of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Components, SHRP-C/ UWP-92-618, Strategic Highway Research Program/ National Research Council, 1992, 78 pp. 52. To Study and Disseminate Information Concerning Catho- dic Protection, Technology Exchange Group XRCC, National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Nashville, Tenn., 2007. 53. Kessler, R.J., R.G. Powers, and I.R. Lasa, “Case Studies of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Systems for Marine Reinforced Concrete Structures in Florida,” In CORROSION 2006, NACE, San Diego, Calif., 2006. 54. Bullard, S.J., S.D. Cramer, B.S. Covino, G.R. Holcomb, M. Ziomek-Moroz, C.B. Cryer, and M.L. Gallardo, Corrosion Prevention of Oregon’s Reinforced Coastal Bridges, Paper 06330, Albany Research Center, Albany, Ore./U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C., 2004. 55. Saques, A. and R.G. Powers, “Sprayed Zinc Sacrificial Anodes for Reinforced Concrete in Marine Service,” in CORROSION 95, Paper 515, NACE, Houston, Tex., 1995.