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34 Airports and the Newest Generation of General Aviation Aircraft runway width is 60 feet for ARC B-I and 75 feet for ARC B-II if the instrument approach minimum is not less than 3/4 mile. 5.2.4 Wind Coverage FAA AC 150/5300-13, Airport Design, states that "the most desirable runway orientation based on wind is the one which has the largest wind coverage (percent of time crosswind com- ponents are below an acceptable velocity) and minimum crosswind components." The desir- able wind coverage for the crosswind component to be acceptable is 95% of the time for the type of aircraft using the airport. Where provision of a crosswind runway is impractical because of severe terrain constrains, consideration may be given to upgrading the airport lay- out to the next higher ARC. Wind coverage is included on the ALP. It is calculated by obtaining weather data (typically for the last 10 years) from the National Climatic Data Center for the airport or a representative location and using the data in the FAA's Airport Design Program Version 4.2D. 5.2.5 Pavement Surface and Strength It is anticipated that most operators of new generation GA aircraft will prefer hard surface run- ways (i.e., asphalt or concrete); for new generation jet aircraft, a hard surface runway will be required. Runway pavement should be in good conditions to minimize the potential for Foreign Object Damage (FOD). The pavement strength also needs to be sufficient to accommodate the critical aircraft. Required pavement thickness depends on the type of underlying soils. The FAA design standards are detailed in FAA AC 150/5320-6D, Airport Pavement Design and Evaluation, which the FAA is updating. If an airport can accommodate all small aircraft, the pavement should be designed for a maxi- mum takeoff weight of 12,500 pounds single wheel (SW), which should be sufficient for all of the new generation aircraft identified in this study. If an airport has been accommodating only lighter aircraft (<12,500 pounds single wheel), the pavement strength may need to be increased through an overlay or reconstruction. An airport's pavement strength is generally listed on its ALP and in the FAA's Facility Directory, an example of which is shown in Figure 5-3. 5.2.6 Runway Clear Areas There are specific areas beyond the ends and off the sides of the runway that the FAA requires to be clear. The size of the required clear areas increases as the airport serves larger air- craft or has a more precise instrument approach. Provision of the necessary clear areas increases the size of the runway footprint on the airport. These clear areas were depicted in the airfield layouts shown in Figure 5-1. · Runway Safety Area (RSA) is a defined surface surrounding the runway prepared or suitable for reducing the risk of damage to airplanes in the event of an undershoot, overshoot, or excursion from the runway. · Object Free Area (OFA) is an area on the ground centered on a runway, taxiway, or taxilane cen- terline provided to enhance the safety of aircraft operations by having the area free of objects except for those that need to be in the OFA for air navigation or aircraft ground maneuvering purposes. · Object Free Zone (OFZ) is a defined volume of airspace centered above the runway centerline whose elevation at any point is the same as the elevation of the nearest point on the runway centerline.