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OCR for page 62
CHAPTER 5
Safety Risk Management
SRM is the core process behind SMS. It is through SRM that an airport will be able to deter-
mine and classify risks to develop appropriate risk mitigation strategies. According to FAA AC
150/5200-37, "SRM is a systematic, explicit, and comprehensive approach for managing safety
risk at all levels throughout the airport."(1) The SRM process ensures the following:
· Hazards and other safety issues are identified and documented. The associated risks are mit-
igated, monitored, and controlled
· Risk is determined, assessed, and classified. Unacceptable risk is mitigated
· Corrective actions are taken after accidents and incidents
· The effectiveness of the risk mitigation strategies is monitored and assessed
· There is continuous progress toward improving safety
Realistically, some risk must be accepted. How much is accepted or not accepted by the air-
port organization is still a prerogative of the Accountable Executive. This chapter provides some
recommendations on risk tolerability that may be used by airports. When an Accountable Exec-
utive decides to accept a risk, the decision should be coordinated with the affected personnel and
stakeholders, and then documented so that, in the future, everyone will know and understand
the elements of the decision and why it was made.
The SRM process and its five steps are explained in this chapter. In addition, this chapter also
describes how to use the risk matrix, presents a list of common airport hazards with associated
risks, and describes a complete example of the SRM process for several airport hazards.
5.1 The SRM Process
SRM is a process for controlling risk in an organization. There are different levels of risks.
Some are unacceptable for airport activities. With SRM you will be able to identify those risks
that require specific actions to reduce them to acceptable levels. Moreover, you will be able to
classify and prioritize the risks so that you can make the best use of your limited resources.
The SRM process is depicted in Figure 6. It comprises five steps:
1. Describe the system
2. Identify hazards
3. Determine risk
4. Assess and analyze the risk
5. Treat and monitor risk
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Safety Risk Management 63
P M
E Mandatory reports
O
1 R Collect data Incident reports
N Reactive
F Accident reports
I
Describe O Processes Trend analysis
T
R O
the System M R
A I
N Analyze data Hazard reports
N
C G Surveys/Audits
E
Proactive Self-Inspections
Processes Direct observations
Is data Trend analysis
NO
revealing potential
hazards?
YES
Identify
2 hazards
Model
Selection
Data Entry
Are there NO Visualization
hazards that pose a
Manipulation
risk?
Analysis
YES
3 Determine Risk Equipment
Environment
Physical Characteristics
4 Assess risks Human Factors
Procedures
NO External Factors
Are there Organizational Factors
risks that need mitigation
measures?
YES
Determine
Level of
Treat the Risk Severity
5 (mitigation actions)
Determine
Level of
Probability
NO Have hazards
created by mitigating
Compare with
measures been identified
Acceptable
and assessed?
Threshold
Modify
YES mitigation
plan Classify and
Has risk Prioritize
been lowered to an
acceptable level? NO
YES
Document: Event/Situation; Hazard; or Risk Acceptance and Rationale
Is there any Avoid
NO action to be taken?
Transfer
YES
COMMUNICATE AND IMPLEMENT Control
MITIGATION ACTIONS
Figure 6. SRM life cycle.
