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TCRP Report 138: Estimating Soft Costs for Major Public Transportation Fixed Guideway Projects (2010)
Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP)

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Transportation Research Board. "4.5. Relationships between Cost Drivers and Historical Soft Costs." TCRP Report 138: Estimating Soft Costs for Major Public Transportation Fixed Guideway Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2010.

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Page
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Page
78
Front Matter (R1-R9)
Part 1: Guidebook (1-2)
Introduction (3-3)
Chapter 1 - What Are Soft Costs and Why Do They Matter? (4-4)
Chapter 2 - How and Who This Guidebook Helps: Audience and Circumstances (5-5)
Definition of Soft Costs (6-6)
What Are the Components of Soft Costs? (7-7)
Typical versus Less Typical Soft Costs (8-8)
What Soft Costs Are Not: It Depends on Perspective (9-10)
When Does FTA Ask for Soft Cost Estimates? (11-11)
Characteristics of the Federal Process That Affect Soft Costs (12-12)
Federal versus Non-Federal Projects (13-13)
Later Phases (14-15)
How Does This Practice Compare with Actual Costs? (16-17)
Art versus Science (18-18)
Quantifying Soft Costs (19-19)
Four-Step Process (20-24)
Applying These Steps: Two Example Projects (25-29)
Appendix A - FTA Capital Cost Database (30-31)
Appendix B - Soft Cost Estimation Worksheet (32-33)
Appendix C - Glossary (34-36)
Part 2: Final Report (37-39)
S.1. Definition of Soft Costs (40-40)
S.2. Soft Cost Estimation: State of the Practice (41-42)
S.4. A New Approach to Estimate Soft Costs (43-43)
S.5. Future Research Direction (44-44)
1.2. Background (45-45)
1.3. Definition of Soft Costs (46-47)
1.4. Organization of This Report (48-48)
2.1. Papers and Websites (49-49)
2.3. Textbooks and Technical Books (50-50)
2.5. European Sources (51-51)
2.6. Summary and Conclusion (52-52)
3.1. In-Depth Interviews with Professional Cost Estimators (53-54)
3.3. Questionnaire Results: Magnitude of Estimated Soft Costs (55-59)
3.4. Questionnaire Results: Drivers Identified (60-61)
3.5. Questionnaire Results: Impact of Drivers (62-65)
4.2. Data Source: FTA Capital Cost Database (66-67)
4.3. Potential Issues in Soft Cost Categorization (68-69)
4.4. Historical Soft Costs (70-76)
4.5. Relationships between Cost Drivers and Historical Soft Costs (77-87)
5.2. Soft Cost Estimation: State of the Practice (88-88)
5.3. As-Built Cost Analysis (89-89)
5.4. Future Research Directions (90-90)
Bibliography (91-92)
Appendix A - Cost Estimators Interviewed (93-93)
B.1. Data Sources for Project Descriptions (94-94)
B.2. Project Descriptions (95-107)
C.2. Adjustments Addressing Different Cost Categorization (108-108)
C.5. Vehicle Soft Costs (109-109)
C.6. Soft Costs by Mode and Year (110-112)
C.7. Soft Costs by Complexity: Overall Project Size (113-116)
C.8. Soft Costs by Complexity: New versus Extension (117-118)
C.9. Soft Costs by Complexity: Percentage of Guideway Not at Grade (119-120)
C.10. Soft Costs by Complexity: Percentage of Guideway Below Grade (121-122)
C.11. Relationships Among Other Category Unit Costs (123-124)
C.13. Soft Costs and Project Development Budget (125-126)
C.14. Soft Costs and Project Development Schedule (127-129)
C.15. Vertical Profile and Soft Cost Measurement (130-130)
C.16. Isolating Agency-Specific Effects (131-134)
Abbreviations used without definitions in TRB publications (135-135)