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NCHRP Legal Research Digest 53: Liability Aspects of Bikeways (2010)
National Cooperative Highway Research Program Legal Program (NCHRPLEGL)

Citation Manager

Thomas, Larry W, Transportation Research Board. "A. Overview of Recreational Use Statutes." NCHRP Legal Research Digest 53: Liability Aspects of Bikeways. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2010.

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COVER (1-1)
CONTENTS (2-2)
SECTION 1. FEDERAL LAWS ENCOURAGING THE DESIGNATION AND USE OF BIKEWAYS (3-3)
A. Introduction (4-4)
B. Whether a Public Entity Has a Duty to a Bicyclist (5-5)
C. Whether a Public Entity's Alleged Negligence Was the Proximate Cause of the Plaintiff's Claim (6-6)
A. Interplay Between a Tort Claims Act and a Recreational Use Statute in Bikeway-Accident Claims Against Public Entities (7-7)
B. Immunity From Bikeway Claims Under Some Recreational Use Statutes (8-8)
A. State Tort Claims Acts (9-9)
B. No General Duty to Install or Provide Highway Signs, Signals, or Pavement Markings (10-10)
C. Whether a Public Entity Had Notice of a Dangerous Condition (11-11)
D. The Governmental/Proprietary Test Applicable to Municipal Corporations in Some States (12-12)
A. The Meaning of the Discretionary Function Exemption (13-13)
B. The Meaning of the Discretionary Function Exemption in State Tort Claims Acts (14-15)
C. The Discretionary Function Exemption and Bikeway Claims Against Public Entities (16-16)
D. Immunity for Negligent Design Based on a Statutory Exemption for Discretionary Activity (17-19)
E. Application of the Discretionary Exemption to the Maintenance of Bikeways (20-20)
A. Warning Signs (21-21)
B. Traffic Control Devices (22-22)
C. Stop Signs and Speed Limit Signs (23-23)
D. Pavement Markings (24-24)
F. Guardrails and Barriers (25-25)
G. Shoulders and Adjacent Areas (26-26)
H. Requirement That Bicyclists Be Intended or Permitted Users (27-27)
A. Overview of Recreational Use Statutes (28-30)
B. Whether Public Entities Are Owners Under Recreational Use Statutes (31-32)
C. Whether Bikeways Come Within the Meaning of Recreational Use Statutes (33-37)
A. Localities' Laws and Policies Regarding Bikeways (38-38)
B. Types of Bikeways (39-39)
C. Responsibility for Designating Bikeways (40-40)
D. Design and Maintenance Guidance for Bikeways (41-41)
E. Localities' Reported Litigation over Bikeway Designations (42-42)
CONCLUSION (43-44)
APPENDIX A. SURVEY QUESTIONS (45-45)
APPENDIX B. LIST OF AGENCIES RESPONDING TO SURVEY QUESTIONS (46-47)
APPENDIX C. STATE RECREATIONAL USE STATUTES (48-49)
APPENDIX D. CASE/ISSUE INDEX (50-54)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (55-55)
BACK COVER (56-56)