Reference Guide on Understanding Common Use at Airports (2010)

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TRANSPORTAT ION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 2010 www.TRB.org A I R P O R T C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M ACRP REPORT 30 Research sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration Subscriber Categories Aviation Reference Guide on Understanding Common Use at Airports Rick Belliotti Frank Barich Justin Phy Paul Reed BARICH, INC. Chandler, AZ A N D Rose Agnew AVIATION INNOVATION St. Louis, MO

AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM Airports are vital national resources. They serve a key role in trans- portation of people and goods and in regional, national, and inter- national commerce. They are where the nation’s aviation system connects with other modes of transportation and where federal respon- sibility for managing and regulating air traffic operations intersects with the role of state and local governments that own and operate most airports. Research is necessary to solve common operating problems, to adapt appropriate new technologies from other industries, and to introduce innovations into the airport industry. The Airport Coopera- tive Research Program (ACRP) serves as one of the principal means by which the airport industry can develop innovative near-term solutions to meet demands placed on it. The need for ACRP was identified in TRB Special Report 272: Airport Research Needs: Cooperative Solutions in 2003, based on a study spon- sored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The ACRP carries out applied research on problems that are shared by airport operating agencies and are not being adequately addressed by existing federal research programs. It is modeled after the successful National Coopera- tive Highway Research Program and Transit Cooperative Research Pro- gram. The ACRP undertakes research and other technical activities in a variety of airport subject areas, including design, construction, mainte- nance, operations, safety, security, policy, planning, human resources, and administration. The ACRP provides a forum where airport operators can cooperatively address common operational problems. The ACRP was authorized in December 2003 as part of the Vision 100-Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act. The primary partici- pants in the ACRP are (1) an independent governing board, the ACRP Oversight Committee (AOC), appointed by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation with representation from airport oper- ating agencies, other stakeholders, and relevant industry organizations such as the Airports Council International-North America (ACI-NA), the American Association of Airport Executives (AAAE), the National Association of State Aviation Officials (NASAO), and the Air Transport Association (ATA) as vital links to the airport community; (2) the TRB as program manager and secretariat for the governing board; and (3) the FAA as program sponsor. In October 2005, the FAA executed a contract with the National Academies formally initiating the program. The ACRP benefits from the cooperation and participation of airport professionals, air carriers, shippers, state and local government officials, equipment and service suppliers, other airport users, and research orga- nizations. Each of these participants has different interests and respon- sibilities, and each is an integral part of this cooperative research effort. Research problem statements for the ACRP are solicited periodically but may be submitted to the TRB by anyone at any time. It is the responsibility of the AOC to formulate the research program by identi- fying the highest priority projects and defining funding levels and expected products. Once selected, each ACRP project is assigned to an expert panel, appointed by the TRB. Panels include experienced practitioners and research specialists; heavy emphasis is placed on including airport pro- fessionals, the intended users of the research products. The panels pre- pare project statements (requests for proposals), select contractors, and provide technical guidance and counsel throughout the life of the project. The process for developing research problem statements and selecting research agencies has been used by TRB in managing cooper- ative research programs since 1962. As in other TRB activities, ACRP project panels serve voluntarily without compensation. Primary emphasis is placed on disseminating ACRP results to the intended end-users of the research: airport operating agencies, service providers, and suppliers. The ACRP produces a series of research reports for use by airport operators, local agencies, the FAA, and other interested parties, and industry associations may arrange for work- shops, training aids, field visits, and other activities to ensure that results are implemented by airport-industry practitioners. ACRP REPORT 30 Project 10-05 ISSN 1935-9802 ISBN 978-0-309-11828-6 Library of Congress Control Number 2010924149 © 2010 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB or FAA endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. NOTICE The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the Airport Cooperative Research Program conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of the Governing Board of the National Research Council. Such approval reflects the Governing Board’s judgment that the project concerned is appropriate with respect to both the purposes and resources of the National Research Council. The members of the technical advisory panel selected to monitor this project and to review this report were chosen for recognized scholarly competence and with due consideration for the balance of disciplines appropriate to the project. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied are those of the research agency that performed the research, and while they have been accepted as appropriate by the technical panel, they are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Council, or the Federal Aviation Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation. Each report is reviewed and accepted for publication by the technical panel according to procedures established and monitored by the Transportation Research Board Executive Committee and the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research Council, and the Federal Aviation Administration (sponsor of the Airport Cooperative Research Program) do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the clarity and completeness of the project reporting. Published reports of the AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM are available from: Transportation Research Board Business Office 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 and can be ordered through the Internet at http://www.national-academies.org/trb/bookstore Printed in the United States of America

CRP STAFF FOR ACRP REPORT 30 Christopher W. Jenks, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Crawford F. Jencks, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs Michael R. Salamone, ACRP Manager Marci A. Greenberger, Senior Program Officer Tiana M. Barnes, Senior Program Assistant Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications Hilary Freer, Senior Editor ACRP PROJECT 10-05 PANEL Field of Operations Kevin C. Dolliole, Unison Consulting, Inc., Chicago, IL (Chair) Linda H. Dyson, Port of Portland (OR), Portland, OR David E. Hamm, Delta Air Lines, Inc., Atlanta, GA Samuel Ingalls, McCarran International Airport, Las Vegas, NV Alain Maca, JFK International Air Terminal, LLC, Jamaica, NY Luis Navarro, Port of Seattle, Seattle, WA James E. Trickel, Oakland International Airport, Oakland, CA Gil Neumann, FAA Liaison Alex Gertsen, American Association of Airport Executives Liaison Laura McKee, Air Transport Association of America, Inc. Liaison Christine Gerencher, TRB Liaison C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This guide was developed under ACRP Project 10-05. The prime contractor was Barich, Inc. The sub- contractors were Aviation Innovation, Vigilant Technologies, XIP Consulting, and Two Cats Consulting. The Principal Investigator was Rick Belliotti, and the Associate Principal Investigator was Frank Barich. Additional research, writing, and document support was provided by Rose Agnew, Alicia Crumpton, Justin Phy, and Paul Reed. Ms. Agnew was instrumental in providing the data and feedback for the road mapping concepts, and Ms. Crumpton was the principal author of the Decision Maker’s Guide to Plan- ning and Change. Additional work on the Virtual Airport: Common Use Tool was provided by David van Akkeren and Cary Reif. The many individuals who provided input into the reference guide through their participation in interviews, online surveys, and data collection efforts are listed in Appendix F.

ACRP Report 30: Reference Guide on Understanding Common Use at Airports provides a reference guide and tools that can assist airports and airlines exploring the possibility of and evaluating the appropriateness of integrating “common use” in their operations. An accom- panying CD-ROM, CRP-CD-74, includes a virtual tour that provides an alternative source of and approach to the information found in the reference guide. The report will be useful to airports and airlines, from those responsible for operations, information technology, business management, to the CEO. The reference guide and CD-ROM enable stakeholders to view information relevant to their areas of expertise and interest. The CD-ROM also includes spreadsheet models to allow users to plug in relevant information, which can be used in analyzing and evaluating how to integrate common use. Under ACRP Project 10-05, Barich, Inc., developed a reference guide for airports, air- lines, and other stakeholders to identify and understand the financial, operational, liability, safety, customer service, and competitive elements of a common-use approach to the uti- lization of airport facilities and the provision of services. “Common use” most generally refers to a technological method that airlines use to process passengers: at the ticket counter, at self-service kiosks, or at the gates. However, “common use” is discussed as an operating philosophy that an airport can use in managing and administering the airport. As such, this represents a paradigm shift in the traditional tenant-landlord relationship. Barich, Inc., accomplished the research, in part, by conducting a review of relevant doc- umentation, gathering information from existing and potential users and industry associa- tions, and preparing the reference guide. The accompanying CD-ROM provides a virtual interactive tour of an airport, allowing the user to focus on specific areas of interest. F O R E W O R D By Marci A. Greenberger Staff Officer Transportation Research Board

1 Summary 3 Chapter 1 Common Use at Airports 3 Introduction 3 Understanding Common Use 4 Reference Guide Overview 7 Chapter 2 Common Use as Applied Throughout the Industry 9 U.S. Application (General) 9 U.S. Airport Applications (Considerations) 11 U.S. Application (Airport Characteristics) 12 Current Range of Common-Use Facilities and Services within the United States 13 Cost-Benefit (Overview) 14 Other Industries 17 Chapter 3 Analysis and Implementation Considerations 17 Planning 21 Design and Construction 23 Terminal Operations 27 Airside Operations 32 Facilities Maintenance 33 Business Considerations 42 Technology 50 Chapter 4 Business Value Assessment 50 Cost Considerations by Area 63 Cost-Benefit Breakdown by Business Driver 72 Business Strategy Assessment 73 Chapter 5 Common-Use Implementation— A Framework for Success 73 Roadmapping 74 Building the Roadmap 74 Common-Use Roadmap 75 Key Roadmapping Success Factors 75 Conclusion 76 References A-1 Appendix A Case Studies and Other Supplemental Information for Chapter 2 B-1 Appendix B Supplemental Information for Chapter 3 C O N T E N T S

C-1 Appendix C Supplemental Information for Chapter 4 D-1 Appendix D Developing a Roadmap for Airport Common Use E-1 Appendix E Glossary F-1 Appendix F Interview and Survey Contributors