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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Recommended Design Specifications for Live Load Distribution to Buried Structures. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14377.
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Page 75

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75 AASHTO (2007). 4th Edition AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Spec- ifications, AASHTO, Washington, D.C. ACPA (1998). Concrete Pipe Design Manual. ACPA, USA. ASCE (2000). Standard Practice for Direct Design of Buried Precast Concrete Pipe Using Standard Installations (SIDD). 15–98. Boussinesq, J. (1885). Application des Potentiels a l’etude de l’equilibre et du movement des solides elastiques, Gauthier-Villars, Paris. BOXCAR (2000). Version 2.0 for Windows. Brinkgreve, R. B. J. and Broere, W., Eds. (2004). Plaxis 3D Tunnel Version 2, Plaxis, Netherlands. Brinkgreve, R. B. J., Ed. (2002). Plaxis 2D Tunnel Version 8, Plaxis, Netherlands. Duncan, J. M., et al. (1980). “Strength, Stress-Strain and Bulk Modulus Parameters for Finite Element Analysis of Stress and Movements in Soil Masses,” Report No. UCB/GT/80-01, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA. Fernando, N. S. M. and Carter, J. P. (1998). “Elastic Analysis of Buried Pipes under Surface Patch Loadings,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 124, No. 8, pp. 720–728. Heger, F. J., Liepins, A. A., and Selig, E. T. (1985). “SPIDA: Analysis and Design System for Buried Concrete Pipe,” Advances in Under- ground Pipeline Engineering, Proceedings of the International Con- ference, ASCE, pp. 143–154. Howard, A. K. (1977). “Modulus of Soil Reaction Values for Buried Flexible Pipe,” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 103, No. GT1, New York, NY. Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. (2005), “FLAC3D Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3 Dimensions, Version 3.” Jaky, J. (1944). “The Coefficient of Earth Pressure at Rest,” Journal of the Society of Hungarian Architects and Engineers, Budapest, pp. 355–358 (in Hungarian). Lade, P. V. (2005). “Overview of Constitutive Models for Soils,” Soil Constitutive Models—Evaluation, Selection, and Calibration, J. A. Yamamuro and V. N. Kaliakin, Eds., ASCE, Reston, VA, pp. 1–34. Lin, R. D. (1987). Direct Determination of Bulk Modulus of Partially Saturated Soils, Master Thesis, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA. McGrath, T. J. (1998). “Replacing E′ with the Constrained Modulus in Flexible Pipe Design,” Pipelines in the Constructed Environ- ment, Proceedings of the 1998 Pipeline Division Conference, ASCE, pp. 28–40. McGrath, T. J. and Beaver, J. L. (2005). Performance of Thermoplastic Pipe Under Highway Vehicle Loading, Project Report Prepared for Minnesota Department of Transportation, Simpson Gumpertz & Heger Inc., Waltham, MA. McGrath, T. J., DelloRusso, S. J., and Boynton, J. (2002). “Performance of Thermoplastic Culvert Pipe Under Highway Vehicle Loading,” Pipelines 2002, G. Kurz, Ed., ASCE. McGrath, T. J., Liepins, A. A., and Beaver, J. L. (2005). “Live Load Dis- tribution Widths for Concrete Box Culverts,” Sixth International Bridge Engineering Conference, Boston, MA. McGrath. T. J., et al. (2002). NCHRP Report 473: Recommended Speci- fications for Large-Span Culverts, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC. Moore, I. D., and Brachman, R. W. (1994). “Three-Dimensional Analyses of Flexible Circular Culverts,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 120, No. 10, pp. 1829–1844. Musser, S. C. (1989). “CANDE-89 User Manual,” FHWA-RD-89-169, FHWA, McLean, VA. Pang, S. (1999). “Discussion: Elastic Analysis of Buried Pipes under Surface Patch Loadings by N. S. M. Fernando and J. P. Carter,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 125, No. 12, p. 1104. Poulos, H. G. and Davis, E. H. (1974). Elasticity Solutions for Soil and Rock Mechanics, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY. SAP2000 (2000). SAP2000 Plus Version 7.4 Users Manual, Computers and Structures, Inc. Berkeley, CA. Selig, E. T. (1988). “Soil Parameters for Design of Buried Pipelines,” Pipeline Infrastructure, B. A. Bennett, Ed., ASCE, New York, NY, pp. 99–116. Selig, E. T. (1990). “Soil Properties for Plastic Pipe Installations,” Buried Plastic Pipe Technology, STP1093, G. S. Buczala and M. J. Cassady, Eds., ASTM, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 141–158. Taleb, B. (2000). Behavior of Large-Span Metal and Reinforced Con- crete Culverts under Earth and Live Loadings, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA. Webb, M. C. (1999). Improved Design and Construction of Large-Span Culverts, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA. References

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 Recommended Design Specifications for Live Load Distribution to Buried Structures
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TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 647: Recommended Design Specifications for Live Load Distribution to Buried Structures explores recommendations to revise the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Load and Resistance Factor Design Bridge Design Specifications relating to the distribution of live load to buried structures.

The report examines development of simplified design equations (SDEs) for structural response based on three-dimensional (3D) analysis of 830 buried culverts. In addition, the report suggests guidelines for conducting two-dimensional and 3D modeling for design situations with conditions not covered by the SDEs.

Appendixes A through E for NCHRP Report 647 are only avilable online. These appendixes are as follows:

Appendix A—3-D Numerical Analysis of Live Load Distribution: Soil Constitutive Models, Load Factoring and Comparison with Field Measurements

Appendix B—3-D Numerical Analysis of Live Load Distribution: Model Details and Results

Appendix C—Recommended Revision to AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications

Appendix D.1—Parametric Study MathCAD Calculation Sheets

Appendix D.2—Tabular Listings of Parametric Study Results

Appendix E—Refined Analysis Guidelines

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