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OCR for page R1
NCHRP
NATIONAL
COOPERATIVE
HIGHWAY
RESEARCH
REPORT 649 PROGRAM
JOINT REPORT
NCFRP
NATIONAL
COOPERATIVE
FREIGHT
RESEARCH
REPORT 3 PROGRAM
Separation of Vehicles--
CMV-Only Lanes
OCR for page R2
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 2010 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE*
OFFICERS
CHAIR: Michael R. Morris, Director of Transportation, North Central Texas Council of Governments, Arlington
VICE CHAIR: Neil J. Pedersen, Administrator, Maryland State Highway Administration, Baltimore
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Transportation Research Board
MEMBERS
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Allen D. Biehler, Secretary, Pennsylvania DOT, Harrisburg
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Deborah H. Butler, Executive Vice President, Planning, and CIO, Norfolk Southern Corporation, Norfolk, VA
William A.V. Clark, Professor, Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles
Nicholas J. Garber, Henry L. Kinnier Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, and Director, Center for Transportation Studies, University of
Virginia, Charlottesville
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Edward A. (Ned) Helme, President, Center for Clean Air Policy, Washington, DC
Randell H. Iwasaki, Director, California DOT, Sacramento
Adib K. Kanafani, Cahill Professor of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley
Susan Martinovich, Director, Nevada DOT, Carson City
Debra L. Miller, Secretary, Kansas DOT, Topeka
Pete K. Rahn, Director, Missouri DOT, Jefferson City
Sandra Rosenbloom, Professor of Planning, University of Arizona, Tucson
Tracy L. Rosser, Vice President, Corporate Traffic, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Mandeville, LA
Steven T. Scalzo, Chief Operating Officer, Marine Resources Group, Seattle, WA
Henry G. (Gerry) Schwartz, Jr., Chairman (retired), Jacobs/Sverdrup Civil, Inc., St. Louis, MO
Beverly A. Scott, General Manager and Chief Executive Officer, Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority, Atlanta, GA
David Seltzer, Principal, Mercator Advisors LLC, Philadelphia, PA
Daniel Sperling, Professor of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science and Policy; Director, Institute of Transportation Studies; and Interim
Director, Energy Efficiency Center, University of California, Davis
Douglas W. Stotlar, President and CEO, Con-Way, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI
C. Michael Walton, Ernest H. Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering, University of Texas, Austin
EX OFFICIO MEMBERS
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Peter H. Appel, Administrator, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, U.S.DOT
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Edward R. Hamberger, President and CEO, Association of American Railroads, Washington, DC
John C. Horsley, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC
David T. Matsuda, Deputy Administrator, Maritime Administration, U.S.DOT
Victor M. Mendez, Administrator, Federal Highway Administration, U.S.DOT
William W. Millar, President, American Public Transportation Association, Washington, DC
Cynthia L. Quarterman, Administrator, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, U.S.DOT
Peter M. Rogoff, Administrator, Federal Transit Administration, U.S.DOT
David L. Strickland, Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S.DOT
Joseph C. Szabo, Administrator, Federal Railroad Administration, U.S.DOT
Polly Trottenberg, Assistant Secretary for Transportation Policy, U.S.DOT
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*Membership as of February 2010.
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NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM
NCHRP REPORT 649
NATIONAL COOPERATIVE FREIGHT RESEARCH PROGRAM
NCFRP REPORT 3
Separation of Vehicles--
CMV-Only Lanes
CAMBRIDGE SYSTEMATICS, INC.
Oakland, CA
Subscriber Categories
Construction · Design · Economics · Finance · Freight Transportation · Highways
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Research sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials in cooperation with
the Federal Highway Administration and by the Research and Innovative Technology Administration
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD
WASHINGTON, D.C.
2010
www.TRB.org
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NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY NCHRP REPORT 649
RESEARCH PROGRAM
Systematic, well-designed research provides the most effective Project 3-73
approach to the solution of many problems facing highway ISSN 0077-5614
administrators and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local ISBN 978-0-309-15475-8
interest and can best be studied by highway departments individually Library of Congress Control Number 2010928781
or in cooperation with their state universities and others. However, the © 2010 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
accelerating growth of highway transportation develops increasingly
complex problems of wide interest to highway authorities. These
problems are best studied through a coordinated program of COPYRIGHT INFORMATION
cooperative research.
Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining
In recognition of these needs, the highway administrators of the written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials published or copyrighted material used herein.
initiated in 1962 an objective national highway research program Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this
employing modern scientific techniques. This program is supported on publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the
understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, FAA, FHWA,
a continuing basis by funds from participating member states of the
FMCSA, FTA, or Transit Development Corporation endorsement of a particular product,
Association and it receives the full cooperation and support of the method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for
Federal Highway Administration, United States Department of educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of
any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission
Transportation.
from CRP.
The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies was
requested by the Association to administer the research program
because of the Board's recognized objectivity and understanding of
NOTICE
modern research practices. The Board is uniquely suited for this
purpose as it maintains an extensive committee structure from which The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the National Cooperative Highway
Research Program, conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of
authorities on any highway transportation subject may be drawn; it the Governing Board of the National Research Council.
possesses avenues of communications and cooperation with federal,
The members of the technical panel selected to monitor this project and to review this
state and local governmental agencies, universities, and industry; its report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance.
relationship to the National Research Council is an insurance of The report was reviewed by the technical panel and accepted for publication according to
procedures established and overseen by the Transportation Research Board and approved
objectivity; it maintains a full-time research correlation staff of
by the Governing Board of the National Research Council.
specialists in highway transportation matters to bring the findings of
The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the
research directly to those who are in a position to use them. researchers who performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation
The program is developed on the basis of research needs identified Research Board, the National Research Council, or the program sponsors.
by chief administrators of the highway and transportation departments The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research
and by committees of AASHTO. Each year, specific areas of research Council, and the sponsors of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program do not
needs to be included in the program are proposed to the National endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers' names appear herein solely
because they are considered essential to the object of the report.
Research Council and the Board by the American Association of State
Highway and Transportation Officials. Research projects to fulfill these
needs are defined by the Board, and qualified research agencies are
selected from those that have submitted proposals. Administration and
surveillance of research contracts are the responsibilities of the National
Research Council and the Transportation Research Board.
The needs for highway research are many, and the National
Cooperative Highway Research Program can make significant
contributions to the solution of highway transportation problems of
mutual concern to many responsible groups. The program, however, is
intended to complement rather than to substitute for or duplicate other
highway research programs.
Published reports of the
NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM
are available from:
Transportation Research Board
Business Office
500 Fifth Street, NW
Washington, DC 20001
and can be ordered through the Internet at:
http://www.national-academies.org/trb/bookstore
Printed in the United States of America
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NATIONAL COOPERATIVE FREIGHT NCFRP REPORT 3
RESEARCH PROGRAM
America's freight transportation system makes critical contributions Project NCFRP-10
to the nation's economy, security, and quality of life. The freight ISSN 1947-5659
transportation system in the United States is a complex, decentralized, ISBN 978-0-309-15475-8
and dynamic network of private and public entities, involving all Library of Congress Control Number 2010928781
modes of transportation--trucking, rail, waterways, air, and pipelines. © 2010 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
In recent years, the demand for freight transportation service has
been increasing fueled by growth in international trade; however,
bottlenecks or congestion points in the system are exposing the COPYRIGHT INFORMATION
inadequacies of current infrastructure and operations to meet the
Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining
growing demand for freight. Strategic operational and investment written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously
decisions by governments at all levels will be necessary to maintain published or copyrighted material used herein.
freight system performance, and will in turn require sound technical Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this
guidance based on research. publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the
understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, FAA, FHWA,
The National Cooperative Freight Research Program (NCFRP) is
FMCSA, FTA, RITA, or PHMSA endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice.
a cooperative research program sponsored by the Research and It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-
Innovative Technology Administration (RITA) under Grant No. for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or
reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP.
DTOS59-06-G-00039 and administered by the Transportation Research
Board (TRB). The program was authorized in 2005 with the passage of
the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A
Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU). On September 6, 2006, a contract to NOTICE
begin work was executed between RITA and The National Academies. The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the National Cooperative Freight
The NCFRP will carry out applied research on problems facing the Research Program, conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of
the Governing Board of the National Research Council.
freight industry that are not being adequately addressed by existing
The members of the technical panel selected to monitor this project and to review this
research programs.
report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance.
Program guidance is provided by an Oversight Committee comprised The report was reviewed by the technical panel and accepted for publication according to
of a representative cross section of freight stakeholders appointed by procedures established and overseen by the Transportation Research Board and approved
by the Governing Board of the National Research Council.
the National Research Council of The National Academies. The NCFRP
Oversight Committee meets annually to formulate the research The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the
researchers who performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation
program by identifying the highest priority projects and defining Research Board, the National Research Council, or the program sponsors.
funding levels and expected products. Research problem statements
The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research
recommending research needs for consideration by the Oversight Council, and the sponsors of the National Cooperative Freight Research Program do not
Committee are solicited annually, but may be submitted to TRB at any endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers' names appear herein solely
time. Each selected project is assigned to a panel, appointed by TRB, because they are considered essential to the object of the report.
which provides technical guidance and counsel throughout the life
of the project. Heavy emphasis is placed on including members
representing the intended users of the research products.
The NCFRP will produce a series of research reports and other
products such as guidebooks for practitioners. Primary emphasis will
be placed on disseminating NCFRP results to the intended end-users of
the research: freight shippers and carriers, service providers, suppliers,
and public officials.
Published reports of the
NATIONAL COOPERATIVE FREIGHT RESEARCH PROGRAM
are available from:
Transportation Research Board
Business Office
500 Fifth Street, NW
Washington, DC 20001
and can be ordered through the Internet at:
http://www.national-academies.org/trb/bookstore
Printed in the United States of America
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COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAMS
CRP STAFF FOR NCHRP REPORT 649/NCFRP REPORT 3
Christopher W. Jenks, Director, Cooperative Research Programs
Crawford F. Jencks, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs
William C. Rogers, Senior Program Officer
Charlotte Thomas, Senior Program Assistant
Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications
Hilary Freer, Senior Editor
NCHRP PROJECT 3-73 PANEL/NCFRP PROJECT 10 PANEL
Field of Traffic--Area of Operations and Control
Mary Lynn Tischer, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC
(formerly Virginia DOT, Richmond, VA) (Chair)
Talvin Davis, New Jersey DOT, Trenton, NJ
Coty "Reggie" Dupré, Dupré Transport LLC, Lafayette, LA
John W. Fuller, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
James Gosnell, Los Angeles, CA
Douglas S. McLeod, Florida DOT, Tallahassee, FL
Charles E. Prestrud, Washington State DOT, Seattle, WA
Todd G. Trego, American Transportation Research Institute, Smyrna, GA
Arthur "Rey" Walker, Maryland State Highway Administration, Hanover, MD
Michael P. Onder, FHWA Liaison
Elaine King, TRB Liaison
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FOREWORD
By William C. Rogers
Staff Officer
Transportation Research Board
NCHRP Report 649/NCFRP Report 3: Separation of Vehicles--CMV-Only Lanes presents
an extensive compendium of information about CMV-only lanes and examines major
issues and concepts that should be understood in developing new applications of CMV-only
lane concepts as a potential method for both easing congestion and reducing the number of
traffic accidents on highways. Appendices to this report, including an annotated literature
review, performance evaluation criteria, benefits monetization factors and unit costs, and
net present value calculations for benefit-cost analysis, are available on the TRB website.
This report and the supplemental information can be used by public agencies that may be
considering CMV-only lane concepts in corridor studies or other planning applications.
The report provides data such agencies can use to support their own evaluations of CMV-
only lane projects.
Because of the continued growth in both automobile and truck traffic, there is con-
siderable interest in building CMV-only lanes as one solution to ever-increasing high-
way congestion. System reliability is especially important in the movement of high-
value, time-sensitive commodities; the assumed reliability of CMV-only lanes with the
resulting improvements in truck productivity and operational efficiency may provide
sufficient added value that truckers and shippers would be willing to pay to build and
operate the highway lanes.
Under NCHRP Project 03-73/NCFRP Project 10, the research team was asked to
· Review and discuss the literature on existing and proposed CMV-only facilities,
· Describe associated planning process issues,
· Describe major CMV-only configurations and analyze key design issues,
· Discuss opportunities to apply Intelligent Transportation System technologies,
· Examine the feasibility of increased size and weight standards on such roads,
· Examine factors related to the success of truck-only lane projects,
· Examine the suitability of tolling and privatization of such roads, and
· Suggest areas of future research to improve the understanding of the performance of
CMV-only lanes.
The research contained in this report was conducted by Cambridge Systematics.
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CONTENTS
1 Chapter 1 Introduction
1 1.1 Project Overview
2 1.2 Definition of Commercial Motor Vehicle
3 1.3 Overview of the Report
5 Chapter 2 Background and Key Concepts
5 2.1 Planning Process Issues
9 2.2 Configuration and Design Issues
13 2.3 Integration with Intelligent Transportation Systems
17 2.4 Longer Combination Vehicle Operations
20 2.5 Tolling and Privatization
24 Chapter 3 Performance Evaluation
24 3.1 Introduction
24 3.2 Performance Evaluation Approach
30 3.3 Performance Evaluation Results
51 3.4 Comparative Summary of Results and Conclusions
58 Chapter 4 Benefit-Cost Analysis
59 4.1 Benefit-Cost Analysis Approach
61 4.2 Performance Metrics Considered for Benefit-Cost Analysis
62 4.3 Data Inputs for Monetization of Performance Metrics
63 4.4 Unit Cost Data
63 4.5 Economic Assumptions for Net Present Value Analysis
63 4.6 Corridor Descriptions and Corridor-Specific Benefit-Cost Methodologies
70 4.7 Results of the Benefit-Cost Analysis
78 Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommendations
79 5.1 Truck-Only Lanes in Long-Haul Intercity Corridors
84 5.2 Truck-Only Lanes in Urban Corridors
93 5.3 Proposed Research Program
96 References
98 Appendices
