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OCR for page 9
Integrating TDM into Project Planning Arizona DOT manages Capitol Rideshare, a state em-
and Development ployee ridematching program that offers a variety of
incentives to share rides. The program is operated by
TDM may be integrated into project planning and
the Department of Administration's Office of Travel
development. These efforts may include further con-
Reduction Programs. The program is funded by
sideration of multimodal options, such as bicycling,
FHWA, Maricopa Association of Governments, and
walking, and transit, within the development of the
the Department of Environmental Quality. Capitol
project and design. For instance, inclusion of bicycle
Rideshare offers a transit subsidy, rideshare parking
lanes and sidewalks, design of intersections to accom-
permits, free emergency rides home, and an excellent
modate pedestrian crossing, and consideration of tran-
discount program. An online Share the Ride database
sit service and bus stop locations can be conducted
provides a list of people with matching commutes,
in designing a project. In addition, construction miti-
and anyone using an alternative mode of transporta-
gation for projects with significant impacts may in-
tion at least twice a week is eligible for an incentive
clude TDM efforts, such as informing the public about
program.21
travel options, implementing new transit services, or
promoting ridesharing or alternative trip times.
How Can State DOTs Organize Efforts
to Advance TDM?
Linking with Other Programs As a result of these different roles in TDM,
state DOTs can choose to organize these efforts ac-
PennDOT furthers TDM through its promotion cording to their specific needs. One way is to have a
of trip chaining--combining trips and errands fully centralized program, in which the state provides
into one trip so that catalytic converters do not most TDM services statewide. The other end of the
cool off--through a state air quality program.19 spectrum is to be completely decentralized in which
all TDM services are devolved to local government.
This devolution does not imply an absence of state
DOT involvement in TDM, but it does imply the lack
As an example, TDM is often considered in the of regulation/statewide standardization across TDM
project planning phases at Caltrans. TDM is usually programs. The survey and the case studies presented
incorporated within project development during the in this digest represent the full spectrum of possible
project initiation phase. During the initiation phase, ways to organize a TDM program. No single way is
a project team is assembled to develop a Project Ini- preferred nationwide; approximately 38 percent of
tiation Document that identifies the project scope, states fund local organizations that focus on TDM,
schedule, and cost estimate. It is at this point that the 21 percent fund/manage a statewide program, 36 per-
initial decision would be made about whether or cent provide technical assistance to local TDM orga-
not any TDM measures need to be incorporated. Re- nizations, and another 21 percent engage in all of
finement of the plan, if needed, would occur at the those activities.
next stage, the Project Approval and Environmental
Document.20 As another example, UDOT created a Centralized
construction mitigation and TDM brochure for prac-
titioners to bring to project stakeholders. A fully centralized program is one that provides
most TDM services statewide, with a high level of di-
Integrating TDM into Internal Business Practices rect oversight or management from the state DOT.
NJDOT operates a centralized TDM program through
Another way for a state DOT to be a promoter of its high-level management of the TMAs. MassDOT
TDM is as an employer itself, supporting commute is similarly very centralized due to its statewide
options programs for its own employees. For instance, provision of TDM services through MassRIDES.
19 21 Capitol Rideshare, http://www.capitolrideshare.com, accessed
Email from Michael Baker, PennDOT, 9/24/2009.
20 Follow-up email from Tom Neumann, 12/3/2009. 10/20/2009.
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Vermont State Agency of Transportation runs Go
Vermont, the statewide ridematching program, which Hybrid of Regional and Local Programming
features a carpool/vanpool matching service, rideshar-
ing tips, and other practical information for reducing New York State DOT (NYSDOT) uses a hybrid
the cost and environmental impact of driving.22 approach to TDM by managing a comprehensive
statewide program and concurrently overseeing
Decentralized a regional-based support model to local TDM
organizations' TMAs. NYSDOT's two primary
A completely decentralized program is one in strategic program initiatives are the Metropolitan
which all TDM services are devolved to local gov- New York Commuter Choice Integrated Service
ernment, meaning a lack of regulation/statewide Delivery Program, and the Strategic TDM
standardization across TDM programs. Caltrans is and Commuter Choice Operations and Service
a completely decentralized model, meaning a com- Planning (individual project initiatives having
plete devolution of TDM authority and responsibil-
statewide significance). For the Integrated Ser-
ity to the MPOs. However, the state DOT does play
vice Delivery program, NYSDOT funds the
a very practical facilitator role to assist the MPOs in
operation of three TMAs; each TMA receives
coordinating their services, including ITS and fund-
ing experimental pilot projects in TDM. funding from the state, but designs, implements,
and locally manages its own TDM program with
Hybrid Approach guidance from the Regional Mobility Manager.
For the Service Planning initiatives, NYSDOT
Another option is a hybrid approach, in which the provides funding for individual project initia-
centralized approach is one tier of TDM activities and tives of statewide significance. NYSDOT's vi-
the regional and local programming is another. sion is to develop an enhanced program that re-
New York State DOT takes this approach, as described sults in `Working Smarter, Not Harder' as it
in the box. GDOT and UDOT operate statewide develops and measures traveler and commuter
programs, but historically the TDM focus has been response to TDM and Commuter Choice initia-
in one congested corridor/region, meaning their tives. To meet this vision, NYSDOT utilizes
programs mimic a regional-based program in imple- outside-the-box thinking that streamlines strat-
mentation. egy development.23
Role within the DOT
Another dimension to consider is how the state
cases, housing responsibility means where the primary
DOT chooses to integrate its TDM responsibilities/
responsibility is for TDM; this does not necessarily
programs into its larger organizational structure. The
mean that other departments are uninvolved in TDM.
most common situation is to house TDM as part of a
planning division/department, which is the case in ap-
Role with Local Organizations
proximately 45 percent of all respondents, and then as
part of the public transportation division, which is the Additional variability appears in how the state
case for approximately 18 percent.24 However, an ad- DOTs relate to the local transportation organizations
ditional 18 percent house TDM across multiple divi- in delivering TDM services; these include cities,
sions in their agency.25 All of our case studies housed counties, TMAs, MPOs, and other local private or-
their TDM programs in planning, except for Caltrans ganizations. As mentioned previously, when state
(which was across multiple departments). In these DOTs aim to deliver TDM services/support to local
organizations, they also very frequently provide
technical assistance. MassDOT has a cooperative
22 Email from Scott Bascom, Vermont Agency of Transporta- relationship with its TMAs, whereas NJDOT has an
tion, 9/18/2009. oversight and strategic vision that the TMAs support.
23 NCHRP 20-65-24 New York Survey Response, submitted GDOT, for the most part, does not directly oversee
8/19/2009. its TMAs, but the MPO for the Atlanta region does.
24 Only 38 states responded to this question. UDOT does not have any TMAs, and localized out-
25 Only 38 states responded to this question.
reach and promotion is done by the Utah Transit Au-
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