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being among those needing to be addressed to achieve, main- zen advisory committees, etc., to improve piggybacking
tain, and improve successful, effective, and cost-effective opportunities.
public involvement. These included: · Developing industry standards for public involvement
consultants.
· Approaching public involvement as more than the logis- · Implementing public involvement activities to help aid
tical requirements that surround a public hearing and decision making and ensure the best use of resources.
as a continuing process that is woven throughout every · Evaluating the transferability of programs that have been
project. created, tested, and used by others.
· Adding a public involvement specialist who has the
appropriate professional background and/or work expe- SUGGESTIONS FOR RESEARCH
rience necessary to identify the demographic character-
istics of the population, understand the implication of The following topics were identified for future study:
those characteristics on the public's abilities and con-
straints to participate in public involvement activities, · Skill set necessary for a public involvement professional.
design a public involvement plan tailored to that popu- · Skill set necessary for consultants to be certified or
lation, and estimate the cost of implementing that pub- prequalified to perform public involvement outreach.
lic involvement plan. · Internal and external training needs for public involve-
· Designing measures of effectiveness that focus on out- ment staff members.
comes such as reflecting the community characteristics · Process to quantify the cost of public involvement.
and values as opposed to process issues such as sending · Ways for agencies to adapt to emerging changes and con-
out a certain number of newsletters. tinuing trends in socioeconomic demographic charac-
· Outlining staff training needs and including them through teristics and communication technologies.
internal and external training, attendance at conferences, · Public involvement process to identify, understand,
utilization of webinars, in-house mentoring on a con- and accommodate the public or publics within a given
tinuing basis, and building a library with publications, study area.
guidance, plans, and manuals that foster best practices. · Transferability of "successful" processes and strategies
· Adding the capacity to create and utilize visualizations, used by others such as Effective Transportation Deci-
videos, the Internet, the intranet, and social networking. sion Making and Community Characteristics Program.
· Developing and coordinating relationships with commu- · Consequences of not defining effective and cost-effective
nity-based organizations, faith-based organizations, citi- public involvement.
