Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page 35
35
CHAPTER SEVEN
STRATEGIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION
FACTORS THAT AID IN IMPLEMENTATION Highlight Value
OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY PRACTICES
A key implementation strategy noted by one major airport
Economics is to acknowledge and highlight the "multiple value streams,"
including economic, environmental, and operational, that
When asked to identify factors that have aided in the imple-
accrue with energy efficiency projects when presenting
mentation of energy efficiency projects, funding, especially
programs and improvements to airport staff and other
that outside the regular budget, was noted as primary, espe-
stakeholders.
cially at smaller airports responding to the survey. General
economic factors related to escalating operation costs also
have increased support for energy efficiency projects and Designate Energy Efficiency Advocates
caused airline tenants to "aggressively support investments
that reduce operating costs," noted one airport manager. Unique factors that have improved energy efficiency project
By leveraging this growing demand in support of energy success at large airports, including TPA, MSP, and DFW,
efficiency projects, an airport may be able to increase the include special programs focused on sustainability and goal
scope of a project, make the project more competitive within setting processes.
a state or federal grant process, and/or find broad support for
improvements within the airport administration. To ensure that building systems operate as specified and
designed, a commissioning framework and "energy advocate"
or committee should be present in early phases of the design
Staff Behavior process (CAP 2003b, p. 9) and throughout project bidding
and implementation. One interviewee noted that this strat-
Other, less economically focused factors such as staff behav- egy helps avoid "value-engineering" out energy saving design
ior and general social attitudes toward sustainability also strategies to reduce project development costs at the expense
play a role in the success of an energy efficiency project. of increased operations costs.
With more focused attention on sustainability issues within
the last decade and the documented impacts by airplanes
Dedicated Energy Managers
on carbon emissions, energy efficiency projects have ben-
efited over other capital projects owing to their greater Although the management of energy systems at smaller air-
value. Staff behavior has most certainly been affected as ports is usually very limited (with most responsibilities falling
well, with Americans overall being more conscious of sus- on the airport manager), dedicating staff time to monitor-
tainability within their workplace. Although less quantifi- ing energy use can provide aid in implementation by col-
able, modifications to staff behavior could be assumed to lecting accurate data for future energy efficiency projects and
be low cost and high value. ensuring that equipment is performing at optimal efficiency.
A majority of airports surveyed do not dedicate full-time
Technology and Design
staffing toward energy management, even at larger facili-
ties; however, energy management is often under the purview
A third major category of factors aiding in implementation of airport staff.
are those associated with technology or design. As noted in
the planning section, by considering energy efficiency in the PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
design of every capital project and within operations, the need
to retrofit is eliminated or reduced and payback can be fully Justification for energy efficiency projects is often a challenge
evaluated before expenditure. With major mechanical or owing to a number of factors. Each project and airport termi-
electrical system upgrades, evaluation of efficiency is prin- nal is unique, with variable fuel and electrical costs, climate,
ciple to the project and, as such, generally brings low addi- building size, mechanical and electrical systems, etc. These
tional design cost. factors, coupled with limited data about energy efficiency
