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41 EMERGING POLICY Studies by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory on ways to achieve net zero energy building "indicate that the Emerging Energy Guidelines amount of energy that can be saved by efficiency measures is comparable to the amount that can be generated by rooftop Federal regulations within the Energy Policy Act of 2005, as PV panels and that pursuing both is important for reaching well as state-level high-performance energy codes, will con- the ZEB goal" (Griffith et al. 2007, p. 64). tinue to push private and public sector buildings to improve energy efficiency. Federal standards noted here by literature Because of the many energy-intensive systems at airport sources represent one future direction that could have signif- terminal buildings, they may be challenged to achieve net zero icant impacts on buildings such as airport terminals. energy status. Interviewees indicated that strategies learned from the ZEB concept will enable airport managers to better · EPACT Section 103--all federal buildings must be control the escalating costs of energy. metered by 2012. · EPACT Section 1251--net metering. · EPACT Section 1331--support for $1.80 per square Chapter Summary foot tax deduction for sub-metered properties (Millstein 2008). The following practices were identified within literature and survey data as emerging technologies, policies, and trends that will impact energy efficiency at airports in the future. State by state, policies regarding energy efficiency for build- ings and utilities continue to develop rapidly. The American · Renewable and on-site energy technologies such as solar Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy has identified major PV and geothermal space conditioning coupled with issues regarding energy efficiency in most states. innovative financing and purchasing agreements have already reduced energy costs at some airports. WEBLINK--State Energy Efficiency Policy Database · Envelope materials and mechanical systems are becom- American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy: ing more adaptable and responsive to changing envi- ronmental conditions. http://www.aceee.org/energy/state/index.htm · Design delivery methods for new or complex proj- ects often include integration of analysis and energy ZEB--Net Zero Energy Buildings modeling. · Federal and state energy guidelines continue to endorse "Designing a building in such a way that energy efficiency and require energy efficiency. and on-site production convert it from an energy consumer to · Airport terminal buildings will continue to be challenged an energy producer lies at the heart of the zero-energy build- to manage energy use in the face of escalating energy ing (ZEB) concept" (Griffith et al. 2007, p. 1). costs and demands for energy neutral buildings.