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GLOSSARY OF TERMS, ACRONYMS, AND ABBREVIATIONS
TERMS tenance, and operational behavior will have on energy
efficiency measures.
Advanced meters--those that have the capability to mea- O&M assessment--systematic method for identifying ways
sure and record interval data (at least hourly for electric- to optimize the performance of an existing building. This
ity), and communicate the data to a remote location in assessment involves gathering, analyzing, and presenting
a format that can be easily integrated into an advanced information based on the building owner or manager's
metering system. EPAct Section 103 requires at least daily requirements.
data-collection capability (Sullivan et al. 2007, p. 2.1). O&M consultant--consultant who is hired by the build-
Boardings--see enplanements ing owner to assist with an O&M assessment or retro-
Commissioning--according to ASHRAE Guideline 1-1996, commissioning in a management or oversight role. This
the process of ensuring that new systems are designed, consultant guides the owner through development and dis-
installed, functionally tested, and capable of being oper- tribution of a Request for Proposal, through commission-
ated and maintained to perform in conformity with the ing provider selection, and possibly assists in creating a
design intent. program for retro-commissioning implementation at all
Datalogger--a stand-alone, electronic data gathering device
owner facilities.
that uses sensors to collect equipment information over
Payback--length of time that an energy efficiency improve-
time. Data collected could include temperature, pressure,
ment will take to provide the full return on investment. For
current, humidity, or other operational information.
example, if a $1,000 investment will yield $1,000 in energy
Diagnostic monitoring--practice of collecting data on
or maintenance savings by the end of the first year, that
equipment operation over a period of time for the purpose
investment has a 1-year payback.
of assessing the equipment performance. These data may
Peak electrical demand--peak electrical demand is the max-
be obtained through a datalogger or an energy management
imum instantaneous load or the maximum average load
system. These data may consist of time-series or change-
over a designated interval of time, usually 15 or 30 min
of-value data that can be collected for digital points such
measured by meter by the utility or power provider. Also
as temperature, pressure, or status.
known as peak power.
Energy assessment--combined evaluation of equipment
and operations; investigation of systems in existing build- Peak load shedding--defers system loads from peak periods
ings with the goal of replacing or retrofitting equipment. to periods of low demand. The result is a flattening of the
This is a quick process that may include building simula- system load schedule, thus decreasing demand charges from
tion and results in a list of energy conservation measures the electric utility. Design strategies that reduce the peak
that involve significant capital investment. load are often referred to as "peak shaving."
Energy audit--investigation of systems in existing build- Preventive maintenance program--program that is imple-
ings with the goal of replacing or retrofitting equipment. mented to address equipment maintenance issues pro-
This is a quick process that may include building simula- actively. The goal of such a program is to perform main-
tion and results in a list of energy conservation measures tenance tasks on a regular schedule so as to maximize the
that involve significant capital investment. operational efficiency and lifetime of the equipment.
Energy Management System--automatic system used for Real-time pricing--energy prices that are set for a specific
controlling equipment in a building. Most likely this will time period on an advance or forward basis and that may
be a computer-based system, including either pneumatic change according to price changes in the generation spot
or digital components, or both. market. Prices paid for energy consumed during these
Enplanements--domestic, territorial, and international periods are typically established and known to consumers
revenue passengers who board an aircraft in the states in a day ahead ("day-ahead pricing") or an hour ahead ("hour-
scheduled and nonscheduled service of aircraft in intra- ahead pricing") in advance of such consumption, allow-
state, interstate, and foreign commerce and includes in- ing them to vary their demand and usage in response to such
transit passengers (passengers on board international flights prices and manage their energy costs by shifting usage
that transit an airport in the United States for non-traffic to a lower cost period, or reducing consumption overall
purposes). (Sullivan et al. 2007).
Heat gain--increase of heat within a given space as a result Retro-commissioning--for an existing building, the process
of direct heating by solar radiation and of heat radiated by of assessing, analyzing, and upgrading its operational per-
other sources such as lights, equipment, or people. formance. A preliminary step in the retro-commissioning
Investment grade audit--audit that incorporates the aspects process is the O&M assessment. Retro-commissioning
of a traditional energy audit plus a risk assessment that usually results in a number of low-cost or no-cost activities
evaluates the impact that occupancy, management, main- that save energy while maintaining or improving comfort.
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Solar heat gain--increase of heat within a given space as a HVAC Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning
result of direct heating by solar radiation. IMACS Intelligent Monitoring and Control System
Time-of-use pricing--energy prices that are set for a spe- LCD Liquid crystal display
cific time period on an advance or forward basis, typically LED Light-emitting diode
not changing more often than twice a year (summer and LEED© Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
winter season). Prices paid for energy consumed during MAC Metropolitan Airports Commission
these periods are pre-established and known to customers MECP MAC Energy Conservation Program
in advance of such consumption, allowing them to vary MSP MinneapolisSt. Paul International Airport
their demand and usage in response to such prices and NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory (U.S.
manage their energy costs by shifting usage to a lower-cost Department of Energy)
period, or reducing consumption overall. The time periods O&M Operation and maintenance
are pre-established, typically include from two to no more OABA Open Architecture Building Automation
than four periods per day, and do not vary in start or stop PECI Portland Energy Conservation, Inc.
times (Sullivan et al. 2007). PV Photovoltaics
Trend log--log of data that is collected through an energy ROI Return on Investment
management system. These data may consist of time-series RTU Roof-top units
or change-of-value data that can be collected for digital SAGA Sustainable Aviation Guidance Alliance
points such as temperature, pressure, or status. SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
Value commissioning--focus on the most frequently avail- SeaTac SeattleTacoma International Airport
able re-commissioning/retro-commissioning opportunities VAV Variable air volume
with the highest payback as a part of daily O&M (Sullivan VFD Variable frequency drive
et al. 2004). ZEB Zero energy buildings
ACRONYMS ABBREVIATIONS
ACEEE American Council for an Energy-Efficient ft foot
Economy g gram
AIP Airport Improvement Program h hour
ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and in. inch
Air Conditioning Engineers km kilometer
BAS Building automation system kW kilowatt
BCS Building control systems L liter
CIP Capital Improvement Plan lb pound
CFL Compact fluorescent light mg milligram
CRT Cathode ray tube mi mile
DFW Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport min minute
EMCS Energy Management Control System mL milliliter
EPACT Energy Policy Act s second
ESCO Energy Service Company ft2 square foot
HID High intensity discharge yd yard
