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Scour at Wide Piers and Long Skewed Piers (2011)

Chapter: References

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Page 51
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Scour at Wide Piers and Long Skewed Piers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14426.
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Page 51
Page 52
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Scour at Wide Piers and Long Skewed Piers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14426.
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Page 52

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51 Ahmad, M. (1953). “Experiments on design and behavior of spur dikes.” In: International Hydraulics Convention, St. Anthony Falls Hydraulics Laboratory, Minneapolis, MN, 149–159. Ansari, S. A., and Qadar, A. (1994). “Ultimate depth of scour around bridge piers.” In: Proc. ASCE National Hydraulics Conference, Buffalo, New York, 51–55. Blench, T. (1969). Mobile-Bed Fluviology, University of Alberta Press, Edmonton, Canada. Breusers, H. N. C. (1965). “Scour around drilling platforms.” Inter- national Association of Hydraulic Research. Breusers, H. N. C., Nicollet, G., and Shen, H. W. (1977). “Local scour around cylindrical piers.” Journal of Hydraulic Research, 15(3), 211–252. Breusers, H. N. C., and Raudkivi, A. J. (1991). “Scouring.” In: Hydraulic Structures Design Manual, International Association of Hydraulic Research, Balkema, 143 p. Chabert, J., and Engeldinger, P. (1956). “Étude des affouillements autour des piles de ponts.” Laboratoire National d’Hydraulique, Chatou, France (in French). Chang, W. Y., Lai, J. S., and Yen, C. L. (2004). “Evolution of scour depth at circular bridge piers.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering–ASCE, 130(9), 905–913. Chee, R. K. W. (1982). “Live-bed scour at bridge piers.” Report No. 290, School of Engineering, University of Auckland, New Zealand. Chiew, Y. M. (1984). “Local scour at bridge piers.” Report No 355, Depart- ment of Civil Engineering, University of Auckland, New Zealand. Chitale, S. V. (1962). “Scour at bridge crossings.” Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 127(1), 191–196. Coleman, N. L. (1971). “Analyzing laboratory measurements of scour at cylindrical piers in sand beds.” In: Proc. the 14th Congress I.A.H.R., 307–313. Dey, S., Bose, S. K., and Sastry, G. L. N. (1995). “Clearwater scour at circular piers—A model.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering–ASCE, 121(12), 869–876. Ettema, R. (1976). “Influence of bed material gradation on local scour,” M.S. thesis, University of Auckland, New Zealand. Ettema, R. (1980). “Scour at bridge piers.” Report No. 216, University of Auckland, New Zealand. Ettema, R., Kirkil, G., and Mostafa, E. A. (2006). “Similitude of large-scale turbulence in experiments on local scour at cylinders.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering–ASCE, 132(1), 33–40. Ettema, R., Mostafa, E. A., Melville, B. W., and Yassin, A. A. (1998). “Local scour at skewed piers.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering–ASCE, 124(7), 756–759. Froehlich, D. C. (1988). “Analysis of onsite measurements of scour at piers.” In: ASCE National Hydraulic Engineering Conference, ASCE, Colorado Springs, Colorado, 534–539. Gao, D., Posada, G. L., and Nordin, C. F. (1993). “Pier scour equa- tions used in the Peoples Republic of China.” FHWA-SA-93-076, Washington, D.C. Graf, (1995). “Load scour around piers.” Annual Report, Laboratoire de Recherches Hydrauliques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, pp. B. Grimaldi, C. (2005). “Non-conventional countermeasures against local scouring at bridge piers,” Ph.D. dissertation, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy. Hancu, S. (1971). “Sur le calcul des affouillements locaux dans la zone des piles des ponts.” In: 14th International Association of Hydraulic Research Congress, Paris, France, 299–313. Inglis, S. C. (1949). “Maximum depth of scour at heads of guide banks and groynes, pier noses, and downstream of bridges—The behavior and control of rivers and canals.” Indian Waterways Experimental Station, Poona, India. Jain, S. C. (1981). “Maximum clear-water scour around circular piers.” Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 107(HY5), 611–626. Jain, S. C., and Fischer, E. E. (1979). “Scour around bridge piers at high Froude numbers.” FHWA-RD-79-104, Federal Highway Adminis- tration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C. Johnson, P. A., and Torrico, E. F. (1994). “Scour around wide piers in shallow water.” Transportation Research Record 1471, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., pp. 66–70. Kothyari, U. C., Garde, R. C. J., and Raju, K. G. R. (1992). “Temporal variation of scour around circular bridge piers.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering–ASCE, 118(8), 1091–1106. Kothyari, U. C., Hager, W. H., and Oliveto, G. (2007). “Generalized approach for clear-water scour at bridge foundation elements.” J. Hydr. Engng., 133(11), 1229–1240. Larras, J. (1963). “Profondeurs maximales d’erosion des fonds mobiles autour des piles en rivière.” Annales des Ponts et Chaussées, 133(4), 411–424. Laursen, E. M. (1958). “Scour at bridge crossings.” Iowa Highway Research Board, Ames, Iowa. Laursen, E. M. (1963). “Analysis of relief bridge scour.” Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 89(3), 93–118. Laursen, E. M., and Toch, A. (1956). “Scour around bridge piers and abut- ments.” Iowa Highway Research Board, State University of Iowa. May, R. W. P., and Willoughby, I. R. (1990). Local Scour around Large Obstructions. HR Wallingford, Wallingford, Oxford, U.K. References

52 Melville, B. W. (1997). “Pier and abutment scour: Integrated approach.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering–ASCE, 123(2), 125–136. Melville, B. W., and Chiew, Y. M. (1999). “Time scale for local scour at bridge piers.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering–ASCE, 125(1), 59–65. Melville, B. W., and Sutherland, A. J. (1988). “Design method for local scour at bridge piers.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering–ASCE, 114(10), 1210–1226. Mia, F., and Nago, H. (2003). “Design method of time-dependent local scour at circular bridge pier.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering–ASCE, 129(6), 420–427. Miller, W., and Sheppard, D. M. (2002). “Time rate of local scour at a circular pile.” In: First International Conference on Scour of Foundations, College Station, Texas, 827–841. Mostafa, E. A. (1994). “Scour around skewed bridge piers,” Ph.D. dissertation, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. Mueller, D. S., and Wagner, C. R. (2005). “Field observations and evaluations of streambed scour at bridges.” Office of Engineering Research and Development, Federal Highway Administration, McLean, Virginia. Neill, C. R. (1973). “Guide to bridge hydraulics.” Roads and Trans- portation Association of Canada, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada, 191 p. Oliveto, G., Di Domenico, A., and Comuniello, V. (2007). “Temporal development of live-bed scour at bridge piers.” Proc. 32nd Congress of International Association of Hydraulic Engineering Research, Venice, Italy. Oliveto, G., and Hager, W. H. (2002). “Temporal evolution of clear-water pier and abutment scour.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering–ASCE, 128(9), 811–820. Oliveto, G., and Hager, W. H. (2005). “Further results to time- dependent local scour at bridge elements.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering–ASCE, 131(2), 97–105. Rajasegaran, R. D. (1997). “Temporal development of scour depth at bridge piers,” M.S. thesis, Auckland University, New Zealand. Richardson, E. V., and Davis, S. R. (2001). “Evaluating scour at bridges.” Fourth Edition. Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 18 (HEC-18), Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C. Roulund, A., Sumer, B. M., Fredsoe, J., and Michelsen, J. (2005). “Numerical and experimental investigation of flow and scour around a circular pile.” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 534, 351–401. Schneible, D. E. (1951). “An investigation of the effect of bridge-pier shape on the relative depth of scour,” Ph.D. dissertation, State University of Iowa, Iowa City. Shen, H. W., Schneider, V. R., and Karaki, S. S. (1966). “Mechanics of local scour.” U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, Institute for Applied Technology, Fort Collins, Colorado. Shen, H. W., Schneider, V. R., and Karaki, S. S. (1969). “Local scour around bridge piers.” Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 95(HY6), 1919–1940. Sheppard, D. M. (2004). “Overlooked local sediment scour mechanism.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1890, 107–111. Sheppard, D. M., and Miller, W. (2006). “Live-bed local pier scour experiments.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering–ASCE, 132(7), 635–642. Sheppard, D. M., Odeh, M., and Glasser, T. (2004). “Large scale clear-water local pier scour experiments.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering–ASCE, 130(10), 957–963. Sheppard, D. M., and Renna, R. (2005). “Florida Scour Manual.” Florida Department of Transportation, Tallahassee. Sumer, B. M., Christiansen, N. and Fredsoe, J. (1992). “Time scale of scour around a vertical pile.” The International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers, San Francisco, California, 308–315. Walker, W. O. (1995). “Field measurements of local pier scour at tidal inlets.” Master’s report, Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department of the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. Wilson, K. V., Jr. (1995). “Scour at selected bridge sites in Mississippi.” Resources Investigations Report 94–4241, Geological Survey Water, Reston, Virginia. Yalin, M. S. (1977). Mechanics of Sediment Transport, Second Edition, Pergamon, Oxford, England. Yanmaz, A. M. (2006). “Temporal variation of clear water scour at cylindrical bridge piers.” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 33(8), 1098–1102. Yanmaz, A. M., and Altinbilek, H. D. (1991). “Study of time-dependent local scour around bridge.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering–ASCE, 117(10), 1247–1268. Zaghloul, N. A., and McCorquodale, J. A. (1975). “Stable numerical model for local scour.” Journal of Hydraulic Research, 13(4), 425–444. Zhuravlyov, M. M. (1978). “New method for estimation of local scour due to bridge piers and its substantiation.” Transactions, Ministry of Transport Construction, State All Union Scientific Research Institute on Roads, Moscow, Russia.

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TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 682: Scour at Wide Piers and Long Skewed Piers explores recommendations for a predictive equation for equilibrium local scour and a potential equation for predicting scour evolution rates at wide piers and skewed piers.

The equations are designed to help provide better estimates of local scour and scour evolution rates than those predicted by currently available equations. Such estimates have the potential to reduce over-predictions and the unwarranted need for countermeasures.

Appendixes A through E for NCHRP Report 682 provide further elaboration on the work performed in this project. The appendixes are only available online.

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