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Framework for a National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges (2010)

Chapter: Chapter 3 - NBMD Software Applications

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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 3 - NBMD Software Applications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Framework for a National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14432.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 3 - NBMD Software Applications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Framework for a National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14432.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 3 - NBMD Software Applications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Framework for a National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14432.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 3 - NBMD Software Applications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Framework for a National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14432.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 3 - NBMD Software Applications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Framework for a National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14432.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 3 - NBMD Software Applications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Framework for a National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14432.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 3 - NBMD Software Applications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Framework for a National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14432.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 3 - NBMD Software Applications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Framework for a National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14432.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 3 - NBMD Software Applications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Framework for a National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14432.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 3 - NBMD Software Applications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Framework for a National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14432.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 3 - NBMD Software Applications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Framework for a National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14432.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 3 - NBMD Software Applications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Framework for a National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14432.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 3 - NBMD Software Applications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Framework for a National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14432.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 3 - NBMD Software Applications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Framework for a National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14432.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 3 - NBMD Software Applications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Framework for a National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14432.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 3 - NBMD Software Applications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Framework for a National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14432.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 3 - NBMD Software Applications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Framework for a National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14432.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 3 - NBMD Software Applications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Framework for a National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14432.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 3 - NBMD Software Applications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Framework for a National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14432.
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Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

46 The NBMD data system includes a formal organization for directories that contain data, software applications, and XSD schema files. In this chapter, the organization of directories and the use of software applications are presented as instructions and tutorials. Directory Structure The full implementation of the NBMD system includes tab- text data files, XML documents, XSD schemas, and applications for basic viewing and checking of NBMD data tables and for generationof XMLdocumentsfromNBMDtab-text data tables. The NBMD applications require a specific arrangement of directories and files. The directory tree is shown in Figure 9. The NBMD directory contains directories for applications, xsd schemas, and NBMD datasets. The apps directory contains executable files for the NBMD viewer, keyword checker, file sizer, and XML generator. The Data directory contains datasets. The xsd directory contains the definition files for schema for NBMD tables. For installation on users’ computers, it may be convenient to create the NBMD root directory as a subdirectory to Documents. For installation from the distribution disk, drag the NBMD directory into Documents (My Documents on Win- dows XP), or into another directory of choice. NBMD Directory The NBMD directory is the root directory for all NBMD files. It may be convenient for the NBMD directory to con- tain shortcuts to NBMD applications. The user must create shortcuts, if desired. Steps to create shortcuts are presented in the following sections. apps Directory The apps directory contains executable files and icons for four applications: NBMD, NBMD_XML, Keywords, and NBMD_Size. Shortcuts to Applications To create shortcuts to NBMD applications, do the following: Open two Explorer windows, and set one to the NBMD directory and the second to the apps directory. The computer desktop will look like Figure 10. To create a shortcut for the NBMD viewer application, in the apps directory select NBMD.exe with the mouse, hold down right-click, and drag into the NBMD directory. Release the mouse. In the small context menu select “Create Shortcuts Here.” There is now a shortcut to the viewer in NBMD. Repeat the steps to create shortcuts for Keywords.exe and for NBMD_XML.exe. Once complete, the contents of the NBMD directory will look like Figure 11. Data Directory The Data directory contains datasets, with each set in its own subdirectory. A typical set of subdirectories is shown in Figure 12. Each subdirectory contains the TXT files and XML documents for a single set of bridge maintenance data. As additional datasets are developed, they are added as subdirectories to the Data directory. NBMD Applications The NBMD system includes software applications to view and check text files of NBMD tables, an application to create XML documents from NBMD text files, and an application to generate the NBMD_Size_Table that is used by the NBMD viewer. The applications function under Windows XP and Windows Vista operating systems. NBMD Viewer Application The NBMD viewer, called simply NBMD, is the main appli- cation for cursory investigation of the contents of NBMD datasets. The NBMD viewer also computes element-level C H A P T E R 3 NBMD Software Applications

47 costs of maintenance actions. With the NBMD viewer, users can determine whether (and which) datasets have useful information. Running NBMD To run NBMD, double click on NBMD.exe in the apps direc- tory, or double-click on the NBMD shortcut in the NBMD directory (if shortcuts have been created). The opening screen appears (Figure 13). The NBMD viewer provides tabbed interface for access to datasets and to tables within datasets. There are eight tabs (Table 46). A startup, only the Datasets and About tabs are active. Other tabs remain disabled until bridge maintenance data are loaded. The Datasets tab has three buttons (Table 47). Loading Bridge Maintenance Data To load bridge management data, click the Data Direc- tory button, and use the browser window to select the Data directory. When the selection is made, the screen will look like Figure 14. Click OK, and available datasets will be listed in the upper box of the application (Figure 15). The available datasets appear in a checkbox list. The NBMD application can load one or more datasets. Check the datasets to retrieve. Here, the dataset for California DOT will be loaded. Check the box, and click the Load Sets button (Figure 16). Datasets may take several minutes to load. Larger sets and the selection of multiple sets require longer times for loading. The progress bar at the bottom of the tab will advance several times as various loading and computing steps are executed. When the work is complete, the progress bar is filled, and val- Figure 9. NBMD directory tree. Figure 10. Making shortcuts.

48 ues of file lengths for production, bridges, elements, and resources are displayed (Figure 17). The other tabs (Actions, Elements, Bridges, Resources, Action Costs and Element Costs) are now active. Their func- tions are similar. Click on the Actions tab to open it. There is a computation task; its execution is indicated by the progress bar. At com- pletion, the tab lists the earliest and latest dates in the set of bridge maintenance data; five selection boxes, each set to Any; and three buttons (Figure 18). The upper four selection boxes operate with NBMD key- words for maintenance actions. The lower, fifth selection box operates with DOTs’ codes and titles for maintenance actions. The Actions tab provides counts of the number of events, num- ber of bridges, and aggregate cost of maintenance actions for selected maintenance actions. The Run button produces a summary. Click on Run (with all selection boxes set to Any), and find that the California DOT dataset contains 1,578 events on 1,153 bridges with an aggregate cost of more than $15MM (MM is one million) (Figure 19). The Filter button checks which keywords occur together in bridge maintenance records. The Clear button resets all selec- tion boxes to Any. This is useful after filtering on keywords to get subsets of maintenance actions. Hit the Clear button, and then explore the selection boxes (but don’t select anything just yet. Leave all boxes set to Any). Each selection box lists unique entries for a data field. Each selection box lists only those entries that are present in the data- set (Figure 20). Look at the Activity selection box. There are 14 activities listed, if all other boxes are set to Any. Go to the Component selection box. Select Deck, and then press the Filter button. Now look at the Activity box again; there are only six activities. These activities occur for Deck components (Figure 21). Press Run and find that the California dataset contains deck work in 278 maintenance events on 262 bridges with the aggre- gate cost just under $12MM. In the Activity selection box, select Overlay (keep Deck as the selected component). Press Run and find that California data contains deck overlays in one event on one bridge costing $3.4k. To perform Filter operations, press the Clear button, select an entry in any of the five selection boxes, and press Filter. The selected entry remains, and all other selection boxes are adjusted to the subset of entries that occur with the first selection. To Fil- ter on two or more selection boxes, perform sequential Filter operations. That is, make a first selection, press Filter. Make the next selection (in a different selection box) and press Filter. The remaining selection boxes are updated for the combination of the first two selections. Figure 11. Shortcuts for NBMD applications. Figure 12. Data and datasets.

Figure 13. NBMD viewer application. Tab Description Datasets Selection and loading of one or more NBMD datasets Actions Summary of maintenance action records in a dataset Elements Summary of bridge element records in a dataset Bridges Summary of bridge records in a dataset Resources Summary of resource records in a dataset Action Costs Summary of costs of maintenance actions Element Costs Summary of costs of element-level actions, and output of element cost table About Information on NCHRP Project 14-15 Table 46. NBMD viewer tabs. Button Description Data Directory Navigate to the Data directory Load Sets Build data tables for selected datasets Clear Clear current data tables, if any, and allow selection of other datasets. Table 47. Buttons on datasets tab. 49

50 Figure 14. Data directory selection. Figure 15. List of datasets.

Figure 16. Dataset selection. Figure 17. Datasets loaded. 51

52 Figure 18. Actions tab. Figure 19. California action counts.

53 Figure 20. Activity selection box. Figure 21. Activities for deck component.

Tabs for Elements, Bridges, Resources and Action Costs The tabs for Elements, Bridges, Resources and Action Costs have functions, selection boxes and buttons similar to the Actions tab. Each tab accesses a different aspect of NBMD data. Elements Tab The Elements tab provides summary reports of elements, bridges, and element quantities in a bridge maintenance data- set. Selection boxes are provided for NBMD element keywords for component, material, type, part and protection, and also for DOTs’ designations of bridge elements. Selections and filtering for elements operates as for Actions. The Run button provides a computation of the number of element-level inspec- tions that include the selected element(s), the count of bridges that include selected element(s), and the approximate aggre- gate quantities of elements. If a Run includes elements with dif- ferent units of measurement, totals in each unit are reported. Using the California dataset, open the Elements tab, allow the initial computation to complete (watch the progress bar), and then press the Run button. The computation of element counts and quantities is slow, but after a short wait, the tab indicates that California data includes around 4,200 element- level inspections at 1,150 bridges addressing bridge elements of 846,000 square meters, 400,000 linear meters, and 42,000 single elements. This is an indication of the scope of information available in this dataset (Figure 22). Use Clear to reset boxes to Any. Now select the Joint com- ponent and then filter; next select Compression form. Press Run and find that the California dataset has 1200 inspections of 380 bridges having 34,000 meters of compression joints (Figure 23). For joints, or for other elements, the filtering and reporting facility indicates how much information is available in a dataset. From such indications, users decide whether a further and more detailed investigation of these data would be useful. Bridges Tab The Bridges tab shows counts of bridges selected on the basis of Owner, Material Type, Design Type, Functional Class, ADT, and percentage ADTT. The Filter and Run functions are similar to other tabs. Using the Bridge tab, find that California dataset contains 161 prestressed concrete continuous bridges (Figure 24). Resources Tab The Resources Tab filters and reports resources used in bridge maintenance actions. Filter and Run functions are sim- 54 Figure 22. Elements tab.

55 Figure 23. California compression joints. Figure 24. Bridges tab.

ilar to other tabs. An initial Run on the resources shows that the California dataset contains resources records for 1,575 events at 1,151 bridges with aggregate cost of nearly $21MM. Note that the cost reported for resources is greater than the cost of maintenance actions. This indicates that some DOT resource records are not matched to DOT action records. Set the resource category to Equipment and find that Cal- ifornia dataset contains records of equipment usage for 1,134 bridges in 1,545 events costing about $2MM (Figure 25). Resources can be filtered and reported for selections of Man- ufacturer and Product. In the Manufacturer box, select Mead- ows, then Filter, and in the Product box, select Speed Crete. Now select Run and find that California used Speed Crete in 79 main- tenance events on 76 bridges at a cost of $12,965 (Figure 26). Action Costs Tab The Action Costs tab reports costs of actions listed in the NBMD Production_Table. The Filter and Run functions are similar to other tables. An initial Run with all selection boxes set to Any yields median unit costs of $648 for actions with no units, $292 for actions with each units, and $4.23 for actions per square foot. The values have little meaning, since these are median values for all California maintenance actions combined. Select Bearing as the component, then Filter, then select ‘BMS Bearings—Clean’ as the DOT action, then Run, and find that among seven events at seven bridges, the median cost for cleaning bearings is $450 each (Figure 27). Element Costs Tab The Element Costs tab reports costs for actions that improve conditions of bridge elements. The method for computation of element-level costs is presented in Chapter 5. The tab in the NBMD viewer allows selection, filtering, and reporting func- tions equivalent to the functions of other tabs. The tab reports median values of element-level costs of improvement actions. Select Joint as the component and then select Filter. In the Form box, notice that Modular, Open, and Strip Seal joints are listed. In the Operation box, notice that Modify, Repair, and Replace are listed (along with Coat and nonMaintenance). In the Operation box, select Repair, then select Run, and find that the median cost for joint repair is $61 per meter. In the Form box, select Modular, then select Run, and find that the median cost for modular joint repair is $507 per meter (Figure 28). Change the selection in the Form box and then select Run to find that for open joints the median repair cost is $8.51 per meter, and for strip seals the median repair cost is $268 per meter. The Write Costs button creates a tab-text file of all element- level costs, and a list of median values of element-level costs. Press the Write Costs button to open a file dialog box (Fig- ure 29). Select a directory and filename for the output file of 56 Figure 25. Resources tab.

57 Figure 26. Material manufacturer and product. Figure 27. Action costs tab.

58 Figure 28. Element costs tab. Figure 29. Element-level cost file.

element costs, and click Save. The operation is complete when the output file name is listed next to the Write Costs button. The saved file can be opened in a text editor, or in most office applications. Spreadsheets are useful for review and analysis of unit costs reported in this output file. Note that the Write Costs operation reports all element-level costs. Filtering operations, provided by selection boxes, are not recognized. New values of unit costs and median unit costs are com- puted using the Compute Costs button. Costs have been com- puted for all datasets submitted for project, so this function isn’t needed right now. The Compute Costs function is needed for new datasets, or to obtain median costs for merged datasets. The computation is slow. About Tab The About tab lists basic information about NCHRP Proj- ect 14-15—the project in which the NBMD framework was developed. There are no functions on this tab. NBMD_XML Application The NBMD_XML application creates XML documents from tab-text NBMD data tables. The anticipated use is that DOTs create text versions of NBMD tables first from their own spread- sheets and data systems, and then NBMD text tables are con- verted to XML documents if XML files are needed for porting to other database systems or other XML-based uses. The NBMD_XML application requires two inputs: a stan- dard NBMD tab-text table, and an XSD schema file. Schema files are provided for all standard NBMD tables. To run the application, double-click the X shortcut in the NBMD root directory (Figure 30). The NBMD_XML application has a single window, input buttons for Schema and Data (the NBMD tab-text table), and an output line for the completed XML document. The NBMD_XML application creates two outputs; one is an XML document and the other is a re-creation of the input text table. NBMD_XML does not overwrite existing files. Instead, newly created files are identified by the string XmlBurp at the end of the file name. To create an XML document for California’s production table, first load the XSD file. Press the Schema button, and navigate to the xsd directory under the root NBMD directory. A list of XSD files appears in the dialog box. Select Production. xsd and click Open (Figure 31). The NBMD_XML application now displays the path and name of the schema at the top, and the data fields that will 59 Figure 30. NBMD XML application.

be included in the XML document in the left-side listbox (Figure 32). There is also a default file name for the output XML document, as well as a default table name. The table name appears internally in the XML document as the main record name. Press the Data button, and navigate to the California 2006 dataset. Select the Production_Table.txt file and press Open (Figure 33). Once the data file is open, notice three changes in the NBMD_XML window: 1. The output file points to the directory that contains the input txt file. This is generally where the XML document should go. To select a different directory, press Table Out, navigate to the directory of your choice and provide an output filename. 2. The data fields available in the txt file are listed in the right- side listbox of the application. 3. The XML data fields have been mapped to corresponding txt data fields. Mapping Data Fields In the left-side listbox notice the following construction: Dataset::Dataset The construction indicates XML_Data_Field::Text_Data_Field The Dataset fields in the XML document will be obtained, record by record, from the Dataset fields in the text file. The NBMD_XML application takes field names from the XSD schema, compares these to column headings in the tab-text file, identifies matching fields, and reports the mappings. Usually, this process is automatic. Mapping can be changed by users. In the left-side listbox, select DOT_Activity_ID, and press reset. Note that its prior mapping is removed. Select Data_Activity_ID in the left-side listbox, and NBMD_Component in the right-side listbox (Figure 34). Press Map. Now the XML field for DOT_Activity_ID will be filled with entries from the NBMD_Component field. Now 60 Figure 31. XML schema file.

61 Figure 32. XML data fields. Figure 33. Tab-text table.

restore the correct mapping. Select DOT_Activity_ID in the left-side listbox. Press reset. Select DOT_Activity_ID in box left- and right-side list boxes. Press Map. To create the XML document, press Run. After a pause, the output file name vanishes. This indicates that the operation is complete. At this point, to exit the application, press Done. To create additional XML documents, press More, and then select schema files and text files as needed. NBMD_Size Application The NBMD_Size application examines NBMD text files, counts the lines in each file, and reports these counts. The reports are stored in each dataset directory. The reports are used by the NBMD viewer to create data arrays. NBMD_Size is run for each new dataset that is deployed, and must be run if data text files are altered or updated. NBMD_Size performs a single task and offers few choices to users. To run NBMD_Size, double click on its shortcut in the NBMD root directory. The application window offers three buttons (Figure 35). Data Directory is used to navigate to NBMD datasets. Process performs the NBMD_Size operation. Done exits the application. Press Data Directory and navigate to the Data directory below the NBMD root directory. Press OK in the folder browser. The NBMD_Size window now contains the list of datasets (Figure 36). Notice that all datasets are checked. That means that all datasets will be processed. It is necessary to process datasets 62 Figure 34. Mapping data fields. Figure 35. NBMD_Size.

that have been altered or updated. It is OK to process all sets. Leave all sets checked and press Process. After a pause, the checks all vanish. This indicates that the application is com- plete (Figure 37). Press Done to exit. NBMD Keywords Application The Keywords application provides checking and updates of data fields for keywords and units in NBMD text tables. The Keywords application compares content in data files to standard keywords, and notes the nonstandard entries, if any. Keywords can replace nonstandard keywords based on user selections among standard keywords, or based on new key- words added by users. Keywords is intended for use on newly- formed NBMD data tables. Once data tables are validated, further review in Keywords is not necessary. To start the application, double-click on the Keywords shortcut in the NBMD root directory (Figure 38). The application window takes an input file of Keywords and an NBMD tab-text table (Figure 39). Once both are loaded, the list boxes fill with data fields of the data table. The application displays five data fields at a time. Additional fields, deeper into the data table, are accessed using the Advance button. Press Keywords, and navigate to the xsd directory. The text file of standard keywords, called KeywordList.txt, is kept there. In the file dialog, select KeywordList.txt and press Open. Next press the Table In button and navigate to the California 2006 dataset. Select the Production_Table.txt and press Open (Figure 40). The Keywords application searches for NBMD keywords for Component, Operation, Material, Form, Part and Protection. 63 Figure 36. Datasets to process. Figure 37. Dataset processing complete.

64 Figure 38. Keywords application. Figure 39. Keywords application window.

The application also searches for all data fields that include units. When a keyword field or a unit-related field is detected, the application loads the standard keywords, scans the data table for entries that differ from standards, and displays the results. In the initial loading of this Production_Table, the appli- cation found the fields for component and operation, pro- duction units, and unit costs. The standard values of key- words and of units are displayed for each data field in the lower list boxes. The upper list boxes display data entries that differ from standard keywords and units. Among com- ponents, operations and production units, all entries are standard, and so no entries appear in the upper list boxes. For the unit cost field, the cost values do not (and are not supposed to) match either units or cost standard entries, so entries appear in upper boxes. No changes will be made to the unit cost quantities displayed. Additional NBMD Software Software utilities Assembly, Build, Inspection_Cross_ Reference, NBI Reader, and PDI Reader are used for prepa- ration of NBMD data tables. Descriptions of these utilities are provided in Appendix E. 65 Figure 40. Keyword fields for Production_Table.

Next: Chapter 4 - Data Sources for NBMD »
Framework for a National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges Get This Book
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TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 668: Framework for a National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges explores a potential framework that provides a uniform format for collecting, reporting, and storing information on bridge maintenance actions for inclusion in a national bridge maintenance database.

Appendixes A through E to NCHRP Report 668 provide detailed information on the different aspects of the research. Links to the individual appendixes are below.

Appendix A: Information on Bridge Maintenance Programs

Appendix B: National Bridge Maintenance Database Tables

Appendix C: List of Element Level Costs of Maintenance Actions

Appendix D: Examples of National Bridge Maintenance Database Uses

Appendix E: Other National Bridge Maintenance Database Tables

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