National Academies Press: OpenBook

Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications (2010)

Chapter: Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications

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Page 57
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D - Example Warranty Specifications." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14437.
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Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

57 Section Agency Page D1 Alaska Department of Transportation & Public Facilities 58 D2 Arizona Department of Transportation 65 D3 Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department 74 D4 British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure 91 D5 Delaware Department of Transportation 102 D6 Idaho Transportation Department 109 D7 Illinois Department of Transportation 132 D8 Indiana Department of Transportation 141 D9 Maryland State Highway Administration 149 D10 Missouri Department of Transportation 155 D11 Nevada Department of Transportation 177 D12 Northwest Territories—Transportation 178 D13 Oregon Department of Transportation 180 D14 Texas Department of Transportation 187 D15 West Virginia Department of Transportation 201 APPENDIX D Example Warranty Specifications

APPENDIX D1 Agency: Alaska Department of Transportation & Public Facilities Attached Example(s) of Warranty Specifications: Pavement Marking Period Remarks Methyl Methacrylate Pavement Markings (MMA) 2 years after initial acceptance Attached specs are proposed updates (as of 12-10-2008) to existing special provisions. *Warranty provisions are in Section 670-3.07. Specifications are for MMA pavement markings, which represent a combination of methyl methacrylate, glass beads, and anti-skid aggregate. The contractor is responsible for fulfilling the warranty. Application must be by manufacturer-certified installers, with manufacturer’s representative observing application. Specifications address longitudinal markings, transverse markings, symbols, and markings in roundabouts and gores. See Section 670-3.07. Quality: Contractor must furnish a manufacturer’s certification for materials components (Sect. 712-2.17). *NOTE: Attached specifications are identified as AK DOT&PF HWY CR updates, 670.712.CR246 as of 12.10.2008, 7 pages. SECTION 670 TRAFFIC MARKINGS Special Provisions 670-1.01 DESCRIPTION. Add the following: Furnish, locate, and install Pavement Markings as shown on the Plans and as directed. Pavement Marking Type: Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) 670-2.01 MATERIALS. Replace the material reference, “Methyl Methacrylate Markings Subsection 712-2.17,” with, Methyl Methacrylate Pavement Markings Subsection 712-2.17 Methyl Methacrylate Pavement Markings are a combination of methyl methacrylate, glass beads, and anti-skid aggregate. Replace the last sentence with the following: Submit a single certification from the manufacturer of the marking material, for each material combination, certifying the combination of marking material, glass beads and anti-skid aggregate, as furnished, provides the durability, retroreflectivity, and skid resistance specified. 58

59 670-3.01 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS. Delete No. 4 and substitute the following: 4. Methyl Methacrylate Pavement Markings (MMA). a. General. 15 days before starting work meet with the Engineer for a prestriping meeting. At this meeting, do the following: (1) Furnish a striping schedule showing areas and timing of work, placing materials and the Traffic Control Plans to be used. (2) Discuss placement of materials, potential problems. (3) Discuss work plan at off ramps, on ramps and intersections. (4) Discuss material handling procedures. (5) Provide copies of the manufacturer’s installation instructions and copies of the Material Safety Data Sheets. b. Manufacturer’s Representative. Provide the services of a manufacturer’s representative (the “Manufacturer’s Representative”). Ensure the Manufacturer’s Representative observes the application of the pavement marking materials. Cooperate with the Manufacturer’s Representative and the Engineer to ensure that the materials are placed according to these Specifications and the manufacturer’s recommended procedures. c. Manufacturer Certified Installers. Install pavement markings using only striping installers certified by the marking materials manufacturer for the specific striping material and method. Submit these certifications to the Engineer at the Preconstruction Conference. d. Preparation. Prepare the roadway surface to receive pavement markings according to these Specifications and the manufacturer’s recommendations. Clean and dry the roadway surface. Completely remove contaminants such as dirt, loose asphalt, curing agents, surface oils, or existing road marking materials before applying pavement marking material. e. Equipment. (1) Grooving Equipment. Use grooving equipment that produces a dry cut. Use vacuum shrouded equipment or other equally effective containment procedures. (2) Marking Equipment. (a) Longitudinal Marking: Use truck mounted application equipment capable of installing a double centerline and a single shoulder line in a single pass. Use automatic bead applicators that place a uniform layer of beads on the lines. Hand units are not permitted. (b) Other Markings: Use manual or automatic application equipment. Use stencils or extruders to form sharply defined markings. f. Application. Apply marking material according to these Specifications and the manufacturer’s recommendations. Use equipment designed and capable of properly mixing at the place and time of application and approved by the manufacturer for the type of product being installed. Anti-skid Aggregate. During marking material application, anti-skid aggregate will be evenly distributed and visible throughout the top 20 mils of the marking material mixture, and after the application, in the surface of the cured material. SURFACE APPLIED [Surface markings, 60 mils unless T & S Eng specifically directs otherwise. Delete note.] Marking thickness will be measured from the pavement surface. (1) Longitudinal Markings. Apply markings for lane lines, edge lines, and centerlines to yield a thickness of 60 mils.

(2) Other Markings. (a) Transverse and Symbol Markings: Apply marking for symbols, arrows, stop bars, railroad symbols, and cross walks to yield a thickness of 60 mils. (b) Gore Markings: Apply diagonal gore markings to yield a thickness of 60 mils. INLAID [Consult the T & S Eng for inlay depth, 60-500 mils. Insert 4 places. Delete note.] Groove the area(s) designated in the Plans. Install markings in the same work shift as the grooving operation. Markings will be measured flush with the pavement surface. (1) Longitudinal Markings. Groove the pavement to a depth of mils. Apply markings for lane lines, edge lines, and centerlines to yield a thickness of mils. (2) Other Markings. (a) Transverse and Symbol Markings: Groove the area for inlaid markings to a depth of mils. Apply marking for symbols, arrows, stop bars, railroad symbols, and cross walks to yield a thickness of mils. (b) Roundabouts: As designated on the plans, groove the area for inlaid markings in roundabouts to a depth of 500 mils. Apply markings to yield a thickness of 500 mils. (c) Gore Markings: Diagonal gore markings will not be inlaid unless shown in the Plans. g. Disposal of Waste. Waste material(s) are the Contractor’s property. This includes grindings and removed marking material. Do not dispose of or store waste material(s) on State property. Dispose of waste material(s) according to applicable Federal, State, and local regulations. h. Sampling. On the form provided by the Engineer, record the following readings and locations where they were taken using project stationing, and submit them to the Engineer with 24 hours for evaluation. Thickness of material and depth of slot are measured from the surface of the pavement. SURFACE APPLIED (1) For surface applied longitudinal applications, measure the thickness of the lines (above the pavement surface) at the time of application, every 500 feet. (2) For surface applied other markings measure the thickness in three locations for each marking. INLAID (1) For inlay longitudinal applications, record the depth of the slot every 500 feet during the grinding operation. (2) For inlay other markings measure the thickness in three locations for each marking. Inspect the markings initially, and again two weeks after placement, to ensure the material has cured properly. Remove soft spots or abnormally darkened areas and replace with material meeting specifications. The Engineer may elect to use the Contractor’s readings or perform additional sampling. Add the following: Refer to the Survey Field Books identifying the no passing zones (see Subsection 642-3.01) 60

61 670-3.04 PAVEMENT MARKING REMOVAL. Add the following: Coordinate removal work with construction activity. Remove pavement markings the same day permanent markings are applied, unless otherwise directed. Use vacuum shrouded equipment or other equally effective containment procedures. Add the following Subsection: 670-3.06 TOLERANCE FOR LANE STRIPING. 1. Length of Stripe. ±2 inches. 2. Width of Stripe. ±1/8 inch. 3. Lane Width. ±4 inches from the width shown on the Plans. 4. Stripes on Tangent. Do not vary more than 1 inch laterally within a distance of 100 feet when using the edge of the stripe as a reference. 5. Stripes on Curves. Uniform in alignment with no apparent deviations from the true curvature. 6. All Stripes. Keep the center of the stripe within planned alignment. 7. Double Stripes. ±1/4 inch. 8. Thickness of Surface Applied. Minimum specified to a maximum of + 30 mils. 9. Depth of Inlay Slot. Minimum specified to a maximum of + 40 mils. 10. Thickness of Inlaid Marking Material. Fill inlay area completely from the bottom of the inlay to the surface of the pavement. If it is determined that the material is being placed too thin, the beads are not properly placed, the anti-skid aggregate is not visible, or otherwise not to specification, make immediate adjustments to correct the problem. Pavement markings applied by any method will be unacceptable if: 1. Marking is not straight or wide enough. 2. Thickness of line is not uniform. 3. Thickness of line is less than specified. 4. Material is uncured. 5. Material blackens or is inconsistent in color. 6. Inlay slot is not the specified depth. 7. Inlay slot is not filled to the specified depth. 8. Edge of the markings is not clear cut and free of overspray. 9. Reflective elements are not properly embedded. 10. Retroreflectivity of the markings is less than specified. 11. Anti-skid aggregate is not visible in the marking material during application and the dried surface. 12. Markings exhibit poor adhesion. 13. Color is not as specified. Perform repairs using equipment similar to the equipment initially used to place the materials. Do not perform repairs in a “patch work” manner. If more than one repair is required in a single 500 foot section, grind and repair the entire section. Add the following Subsection:

670-3.07 CONTRACTOR’S WARRANTY. Provide a warranty, for the Methyl Methacrylate Pavement Markings, as specified herein. The period of warranty is 2 years. The warranty period will start on the date the Engineer accepts the work and authorizes payment. Pavement markings that do not satisfy the specified performance requirements will be repaired and or replaced by the Contractor. The Department will determine if the failed markings will be repaired or replaced. The Contractor will be notified, in writing, of the marking failure(s) and the corrective measures required including repairs and or replacement. The Contractor will have 6 months to complete repairs. The Contractor will coordinate the repair start and end dates with the Department. The warranty period, for all project MMA pavement markings, will stop until corrective work is approved complete by the Department. Performance Requirements. 1. Retroreflectivity. If retroreflectivity becomes a concern during the warranty period, the Engineer will measure the retroreflectivity of the area in question. The roadway surface will not be cleaned in preparation for taking readings, but areas of obvious contamination or debris will be avoided. a. Longitudinal sample areas will be a minimum length of 500 feet and have at least three samples taken. b. Transverse, symbols and gore samples will be three per transverse line or symbol. Table 670-1 PAVEMENT MARKING MINIMUM RETROREFLECTIVITY REQUIREMENTS Retroreflectivity, Minimum Levels Marking Color Initial Retroreflectivitya 6 Monthsb 2 Yearsb Yellow, White 200 mcd/m2-lux 150 mcd/m2-lux 40 mcd/m2-lux Footnotes: a. The initial retroreflectivity readings will be completed after the MMA has cured and no more than 7 days prior to the Engineer accepting the work. b. The 6 month and 2 year readings will be measured from the date of the initial retroreflectivity readings. 2. Color Stability. The pavement markings shall retain color throughout the warranty period. Yellow striping will be compared to the PR-1 chart, and shall meet 33538 Federal Yellow. White striping shall have a minimum daylight reflectance of 84 throughout the Warranty period. 3. Adhesion. For the purpose of the warranty a cumulative 5% or greater loss of longitudinal line of any 500 foot segment of marking and 5% or greater loss of each transverse line, gore stripe and symbol, due to nonadhesion, shall constitute failure of the material in that segment. Repair. Repair pavement markings as specified by the Department. Replacement. Replace pavement markings as specified in Section 670-3.01 Construction Requirements 4.f. Application and as specified by the Department. 670-4.01 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. Add the following: Thickness will be measure from the top of the marking to the top of the pavement surface. Marking material placed in a depression left by pavement line removal will not be included in measuring the thickness of the line. Delete No. 2. 62

63 Delete No. 3 and replace with the following: 3. Each. Pavement markings using letters, numbers, and arrows will be measured on a unit basis with each separate word or symbol constituting a unit. Railroad Markings will be measured by the complete unit shown for each lane of travel. Add the following No. 4: 4. Foot Basis. Longitudinal pavement markings, transverse, and gore markings, surface applied or inlaid will be measured by the linear foot of 4 inch wide line. Wider striping will be measured in multiples of 4 inches. 670-5.01 BASIS OF PAYMENT. Add the following: Payment for Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) Pavement Markings includes furnishing the Warranty. Payment for the installation of the pavement markings will be limited to 80% of the amount due until the Department has received a signed Warranty. For all phases of construction: There will be no separate payment for: Over-runs of material caused by the variation of the gradation of the asphalt Additional material required to achieve the thickness specified on open graded pavement All work and materials associated with pavement markings are subsidiary to 670 items, including but not limited to: Milling for installation of the inlaid pavement markings including the removal of millings Temporary pavement markings and removal of conflicting markings, including repair of the roadway surface, milled surface or otherwise Traffic Control required for the installation of permanent and temporary pavement markings, removal of conflicting markings, and repairs Replace Item 670(10) with the following: Payment will be made under: Pay Item No. Pay Item Pay Unit 670(10) MMA Pavement Markings Lump Sum 670(10A) MMA Pavement Markings, Longitudinal Surface Applied Linear Foot 670(10B) MMA Pavement Markings, Symbols and Arrow(s) Surface Applied Each 670(10C) MMA Pavement Markings, Transverse and Gore Surface Applied Linear Foot 670(10D) MMA Pavement Markings, Longitudinal Inlaid Linear Foot 670(10E) MMA Pavement Markings, Symbols and Arrow(s) Inlaid Each 670(10F) MMA Pavement Markings, Transverse and Gore Inlaid Linear Foot Delete Items 670(11) and 670(12). CR246.12.10.08

SECTION 712 MISCELLANEOUS Special Provisions 712-2.17 METHYL METHACRYLATE PAVEMENT MARKINGS. Replace No. 1. Quality Requirements: with the following: 1. Quality Requirements: Use a marking material formulated for the application type specified. Use a marking material manufactured from new materials and free from dirt and other foreign material. Use a methyl methacrylate based resin system for part “A.” Use benzoyl peroxide system for part “B.” Extruded or stenciled application: Material formulated for extruded or direct stenciled application with factory intermix beads, and anti skid aggregate and the application of additional surface applied beads. Submit a manufacturer certification for the methyl methacrylate material, glass beads, and anti-skid aggregate to ensure that the materials furnished conform to these Specifications. 2. Performance Properties: Add the following: I. Color: Yellow, PR-1 Chart, 33538 Federal Yellow. White, minimum daylight reflectance of 84. 712-2.18 GLASS BEADS FOR METHYL METHACRYLATE PAVEMENT MARKINGS. Replace the bead table with the following: Use the type and quantity of beads specified in writing by the marking material manufacturer required to satisfy the specified performance requirements. The written certification will note the bead coating is compatible with the marking material binder. 1. Bead Manufacturer and Type. a. Swarco, Megalux-Beads or b. Approved equal beads Approved Equal Beads. Equal beads will demonstrate: (1) Bead coatings compatible with marking materials. Marking Material Manufacturer will certify compatibility. (2) Lasting retroreflectivity. For the two year specified Warranty Period and retroreflectivity levels, Subsection 670-3.07. The Engineer will determine the test location. CR246.12.10.08 64

65 APPENDIX D2 Agency: Arizona Department of Transportation Attached Example(s) of Warranty Specifications: Pavement Marking Specification Period Remarks ADOT General Warranty Requirements for Pavement Markings Periods below begin following installation Document comprises excerpts from three contracts and provides general requirements across a range of marking materials. The term of the warranty for a particular material is assumed to be the expected pavement marking lifetime. The warranty period is measured from the date of installation. The contractor warrants that workmanship and materials will perform satisfactorily during the expected pavement marking lifetime. Pavement markings shall not deteriorate due to natural causes under normal road wear during this period. Anticipated lives and warranty periods are listed by material type and by type of marking; for example, all waterborne paint markings are specified as 6 months; thermoplastic and epoxy long-line markings are specified as 2 years, while thermoplastic and epoxy legend and symbol markings are specified as 1 year minimum or manufacturer’s warranty period if longer. Ref: excerpt from Section 3.0, Special Terms and Conditions.

Pavement Marking Specification Period Remarks 3M 380 Tape 4 years 2 years Original warranty period for longitudinal markings. Special extension to 6 years for longitudinal markings was later issued by 3M. Warranty period for symbols and legends. Warranty does not address transverse line markings. FHWA has approved a finding in the public interest that 3M 380 tape shall be used exclusively on urban freeway to freeway interchanges and for lane-line skip stripes on other urban mainline projects. A full replacement warranty is provided by the contractor and 3M. 3M’s warranty covers only design and manufacturing defects in the tape. 3M’s warranty does not cover material damaged by snow removal equipment. The warranty does not apply in “mountainous, heavy snowfall areas above 5,000 feet.” Retroreflective Raised Pavement Markers (RRPM) 1 year Warranty period for RRPM. Contractor must replace all markers that are subject to defective materials or work deficiencies. For ADOT-supplied materials, the contractor’s warranty extends only to the installation of the marker and the performance of the adhesive. Note: “---” = not applicable. ARIZONA DOT WARRANTY REQUIREMENTS FOR PAVEMENT MARKINGS The following is an excerpt of the warranty requirements for pavement markings from the Arizona Department of Transportation maintenance contract which was bid in August of 2003 per Solicitation Number T04-11-00001. Contracts were awarded in June 29, 2004. There are three contract holders: Road Markings Inc (RMI) T0411A0042, United Rentals Highway Technologies T0411B0042 (now just Highway Technologies) and Pavement Markings Inc. (PMI) T0411C0042. The contracts for these three vendors have been renewed through thru June 28, 2008. The term of the contract expires in June 28, 2009. The contract specifications address various types of pavement marking materials including paint, thermoplastic, epoxy, and preformed tape markings. It should be noted that these contracts apply only to maintenance and not to new construction or re-construction projects. The contract specifications include a section on Warranty Requirements. The contract states that the warranty term is also assumed to be the expected pavement marking lifetime. 66

67 The contract specifications also include a section on Satisfactory Performance Life Requirements. This section states that satisfactory performance life is achieved if the markings do not deteriorate due to natural causes and normal road wear within the specified marking expected lifetime. The contract specification calls out minimum initial retroreflectivity performance criteria. The requirements of this contract imply that materials that are found defective shall be replaced. The actual sentence in the warranty subsection of the Special Terms and Conditions states: “The Contractor agrees they will, at their own expense, provide all materials, equipment, labor and traffic control required to repair and/or replace any such defective workmanship and/or materials which become or are found to be defective during the terms of the warranty.” This statement implies the warranty is a full replacement warranty. From Section 1.0 Specification (page 20–21): 4.2.14 Retroreflectance The white and yellow pavement markings shall have the following minimum retroreflectance values as measured by a 30 meter Mirolux 30 or equivalent portable retroreflectometer initially, and/or forty-five (45) days after application to the roadway surface: Product Retroreflectance (Millicandelas) White 175 Yellow 125 The sample rate to determine if the applied markings meet this requirement will be based on a minimum of four randomly selected points taken approximately at quarter points throughout the entire length of the project. Readings taken at each point shall be for each type of marking that is represented at that location. Such as edge lines, lane lines, legends, symbols, stop bars and cross walks. Three readings will be taken and then averaged with the compliance determination based on the average of those three readings. Additional sample points may be taken by the Department. The Department considers the LTL-2000 and MX-30 to be equivalent portable retroreflectometers for determining the requirements stated herein. If approved by the Department, the Contractor may elect to increase bead application rates to ensure conformance within these requirements.” From Section 1.0 Specification (page 22–23): 4.3.3 Satisfactory Performance Life All materials shall be applied per the manufacturer’s recommendations and per the applicable requirements of the specifications. Satisfactory performance life shall be considered to be achieved if the actual life of the applied markings do not deteriorate due to natural causes and normal road wear within the specified expected pavement marking life times. The minimum expected pavement marking lifetimes are detailed in Special Terms and Conditions, paragraph 17, WARRANTY. The contractor shall correct any unsatisfactory performance conditions within that time frame without

cost to the Department. Consistent unsatisfactory performance may be grounds for parcel or total cancellation of a contract. Unsatisfactory performance conditions include, but are not limited to, the display of the following: Any shrinkage that is more than 1/4 inch. Any delamination of any layer. Significant discoloration to the point that the marking fails to conform to specified color. Significant cracking, crazing, blistering, flaking, or chipping that causes the markings to look unsightly and worn out. The markings were not placed properly per the requirements of the specifications. Loss of adhesion due to underlying dirt that should have been cleaned off before the markings were placed. Subjective and/or objective measures as based on this specification and other nationally accepted standards and practices will be used by the Department to judge unsatisfactory performance. The contractor shall warranty all applied materials specified expected pavement marking life times. From Section 3.0 Special Terms and Conditions (pages 77–78): 17. WARRANTY FOR THE PAVEMENT MARKING PORTION OF THIS CONTRACT The Contractor warrants: That all services performed hereunder shall conform to the requirements of this contract and shall be performed by qualified personnel in accordance with the highest professional standards. That all items furnished hereunder shall conform to the requirements of this contract and shall be free from defects in design materials and workmanship. The warranty period on pavement marking materials and workmanship from the date that they were installed shall be as follows: All Waterborne Paint Markings—Six (6) Months Thermoplastic, Profile Thermoplastic, and Epoxy Long Line Markings—Two (2) Years Thermoplastic and Epoxy Legend and Symbol Markings—a minimum of one year or the manufacturers warranty period, whichever is longer. Profile Pavement Markings—Two (2) Years Preformed Short Line Tape—Two (2) Years Preformed Tape Long Line Markings—A minimum of four (4) years or the manufacturers warranty period, whichever is longer. 68

69 These time periods will be termed, for the purpose of this contract, as the expected pavement marking life times. If there is any failure that can be attributable to failure of the materials and/or application as herein defined, the contractor, at no additional cost to the Department, shall correct the problems through the removal and/or replacement of the faulty pavement markings. The warranty shall cover that the pavement marking materials as applied in the field by the contractor shall perform, as intended for this period of time, without degradation that is directly related to unsatisfactory performance of those materials and/or the installation of those materials. The specifications sections of this document contain additional definitions regarding unsatisfactory performance. The Contractor agrees that they will, at their own expense, provide all materials, equipment, labor and traffic control required to repair and/or replace any such defective workmanship and/or materials which become or are found to be defective during the terms of their warranty. The contractor shall guarantee the services to be supplied, comply with the requirements of the specifications. ARIZONA WARRANTY REQUIREMENTS FOR 3M 380 TAPE FOR LANE LINES AND FREEWAY TO FREEWAY RAMP EDGE LINES The Department (or ADOT) submitted a request for finding in the public interest to Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Arizona Office regarding 3M 380 tape. The letter, dated March 25, 2003, was addressed to Robert Hollis at FHWA’s Arizona office and signed by ADOT Director Victor Mendez. Specifically, the Department requested to use 3M 380 tape exclusively on urban freeway to freeway interchanges and for lane line skip stripes on other urban main line projects. The Department justified its request based on the following: an installation of 380 tape in “the tunnel and on the I-10 Westbound to I-17 Southbound Ramp” that “lasted for over nine years” a two-year old installation of tape that “continues to be brighter at night than brand new thermoplastic” 380 tape is “much more retroreflective than any other tape product on the market” despite its high cost, “10% more than conventional preformed tape… and about four times more than 90 mil thermoplastic,” 380 tape has “unique features and performance characteristics that should help mitigate the frequent maintenance of existing striping in areas with high traffic volumes” quantitative analysis that demonstrates 380 tape has “special visibility enhancing features that should enable drivers to see better at night” high durability with a 4-year warranty high retroreflectivity levels initially and throughout the life of the product FHWA responded to the Department’s request by approving the finding in the public interest. An approval letter, dated May 27, 2003, was sent to ADOT Director Victor Mendez and signed by FHWA Division Administrator Robert Hollis. The approval letter states that ADOT can use 3M 380 tape on “Federal-aid projects for a five-year period” effective from the date of the letter. The approval is for use on “freeway to freeway interchanges and freeway skip lines in the five urbanized areas of Phoenix, Tucson, Yuma, Flagstaff, and Prescott.”

The reasons for the finding are: 380 tape offers visibility and maintainability unequaled by any other similar product less frequent traffic exposure due to less frequent maintenance increases worker safety less frequent maintenance requires fewer lane and ramp closures and minimizes inconvenience to the motoring public The five-year approval period for this finding in the public interest will expire on May 27, 2008. A new finding in the public interest has been recently submitted by the Department to FHWA. As of May 12, 2008 the status of this new finding is still pending. From ADOT Specifications: The following is a summary of the typical special provision requirements that typically have been used for the 3M 380 tape that has been installed as a part of freeway construction projects. It should be noted that since ADOT is using 3M 380 exclusively for this particular use, then 3M’s own 380 warranty becomes: AzDOT Warranty Provisions: “A full replacement warranty (removal, materials and installation) for this tape installation shall be provided by the contractor and 3M. The terms of the warranty shall be that the tape shall remain effective, show no appreciable presences loss, discoloration, fading, lifting, shrinkage, chipping, cracking or tearing, as a ten foot lane line for this application under normal traffic conditions for a period of four years. The contractor and 3M shall assist the Department in period inspections of the tape throughout its warranty period. The contractor and 3M upon completion of this project shall provide a certification of this warranty to the Engineer. This notarized certification shall identify the responsible parties (name, addresses, and phone numbers) verify that the tape was properly installed and the dates on which it was installed.” Related 3M 380 Warranty Provisions: 3M states that its 380 permanent marking tape will “remain effective for its intended use under normal traffic conditions and meet the minimum retroreflection value of 100 mc/fc/ft2” (or mcd) subject to the following provisions. Warranty Period The warranty period is 4 years for longitudinal markings and 2 years for symbols and legends. The warranty does not address transverse line markings. ADOT received a special extension of the warranty period for 380 tape to 6 years when used as longitudinal markings in a letter from 3M dated August 8, 2005. Exclusions The warranty does not apply to use in “mountainous, heavy snowfall areas above 5,000 feet.” Covered Failures The warranty covers tape that is applied in accordance with all 3M’s application procedures as documented in: product bulletins information folders technical memos 70

71 3M does not specifically list the documents that must be complied with. The warranty document describes the relevant documents in general terms, exactly as listed above. 3M will cover product that fails to maintain minimum retroreflectivity values, fails to adhere to the pavement, or fails due to complete wear through. In the case of an eligible failure, 3M will provide replacement pavement marking materials. 3M will determine the type of replacement markings and the method of installation. The warranty on replacement markings is the balance of the warranty for the material that it replaces. Excluded Failures 3M will only cover material that fails as a result of design or manufacturing defects. 3M will not cover material that fails due to any other reason including failure of the pavement surface and improper installation. 3M will not cover any material that is damaged due to snow removal equipment. Reporting Protocol 3M will only warranty material if the customer “has maintained accurate record of the dates of material installation.” Further, 3M must be notified of a failure with “a reasonable time.” Identifying a Failure If a failure is suspected, a 3M representative and a customer representative must make a visual night inspection of the areas where it is suspected that the retroreflectivity performance fall below warranty levels. Each area that is suspected to be below warranty levels is identified as a “zone of measurement.” Only zones that are at least 360 feet in length are eligible for material replacement. The 360 feet total length must include either edge lines, center lines, or lanes lines but not a combination of different line types. A single word or symbol marking also qualifies as a zone of measurement. Retroreflectivity Measurement Protocol For each zone of measurement, retroreflectivity measurements must be taken at specific “checkpoint areas.” There are three different measurement protocols depending on the length of the zone of measurement. When the zone of measurement measures between 360 feet and 1,080 feet, measurements must be made at 20-foot intervals throughout the zone for continuous lines. For skip lines, two measurements must be taken at random locations on each skip line. This protocol requires from 18 (9 lines @ two measurements per line or one measurement every 20 feet on an edge line) to 54 (27 lines @ two measurements or one measurement every 20 feet on the edge line) measurements per suspect line, depending on the zone length. When the zone of measurement measures between 1080 feet and 6 miles in length, then three “checkpoints” are identified within the zone. The first checkpoint includes the first 360 feet of the zone, the second checkpoint includes the middle 360 feet of the zone, and the third checkpoint includes the end 360 feet of the zone. For continuous lines, measurements must be made every 20 feet within the zone. For skip lines, two measurements must be taken at random locations on each skip line. This protocol requires 18 measurements per checkpoint per suspect line. When the zone of measurement measures greater than 6 miles in length, then checkpoints must be established at the start and end of the zone and every 3 miles within the zone. Each checkpoint must be 360 feet in length. For continuous lines, measurements must be made every 20 feet within the zone. For skip lines, two measurements must be taken at random locations on each skip line. This protocol requires 18 measurements per checkpoint per suspect line.

For each zone, the average of all of the measurements within the zone is compared to the warranty retroreflectivity levels to determine if failure has occurred. All measurements for warranty consideration must be made on a clean, dry surface with a temperature of at least 40 F. The measurement device must use an Entrance Angle of 88.76 and an Observation Angle of 1.05 . This is the measurement geometry of LTL-X and other commonly available hand held pavement marking retroreflectometers. ARIZONA WARRANTY REQUIREMENTS FOR RETROREFLECTIVE RAISED PAVEMENT MARKERS (RRPM) The following is an excerpt of the warranty requirements for retroreflective raised pavement markers (RRPM) from the Arizona Department of Transportation maintenance contract which was bid in January of 2006 per Solicitation Number T06-11-00035. From Section 1.0 Specification (page 20): Satisfactory Performance Life All materials shall be applied per the manufacturer’s recommendations and per the applicable requirements of the specifications. Satisfactory performance life shall be considered to be achieved if the actual life of the applied markers does not deteriorate due to natural causes and normal road wear within the specified expected pavement marker life times. The minimum expected pavement marker lifetimes are detailed in the Special Terms and Conditions, “Warranty.” The contractor shall correct any unsatisfactory performance conditions within that time frame without cost to the Department. Consistent unsatisfactory performance may be grounds for partial or total cancellation of a contract. Unsatisfactory Performance Conditions: include, but are not limited to, the display of the following: 1. Any cracks and/or breaks in any portion of the applied markers that may cause a loss of adhesion or unsightliness that is clearly visible to passing motorists. 2. Any loss of position or alignment which causes the marker to be ineffective as a pavement marker. 3. Any delamination of any layer (marker to marker, adhesive to marker, and adhesive to pavement). 4. Product discoloration to the point that the marker fails to meet the color specification. 5. Significant cracking, crazing, blistering, flaking or chipping that causes the marker to look unsightly and worn out. 6. Loss of nighttime reflectivity. 7. Initial retroreflectance that is below the required minimums. 8. The markings were not placed properly and per the requirements of the specifications. Subjective and/or objective measures as based on this specification and other nationally accepted standards and practices will be used by the Department to judge unsatisfactory performance. The contractor shall warranty all applied materials specified expected marker life times. 72

73 17. WARRANTY The bidder warrants: 1. That all services performed hereunder shall conform to the requirements of this contract and shall be performed by qualified personnel in accordance with the highest professional standards. 2. That all items furnished hereunder shall conform to the requirements of this contract and shall be free from defects in design materials and workmanship. 3. The warranty period on pavement markers and workmanship shall be one year and will commence from the date of installation. The warranty length for the purpose of this contract is defined as the pavement marker life expectancy. During the warranty period, the contractor shall correct all defective materials and/or workmanship deficiencies, including but not limited to: Reflector delamination, breakage, or loss of reflectivity. Unsatisfactory performance is further defined in the Specifications section of this contract. The contractor shall not be responsible for events that cause marker failure that is beyond their control. Such events include, but may not be limited to: Pavement failure, unusual physical damage caused by passing vehicles (e.g., vehicles driving on tire rims) and Force Majeure. All warranty work shall be performed at no cost to the Department. The cost of all warranty work shall be borne by the contractor. These costs may include, but are not limited to: Materials, equipment, labor, and traffic control. For Department-supplied materials, the contractor shall only be responsible for a warranty for the installation of the marker and the performance of the adhesive. The warranty for the actual performance of the marker shall be the responsibility of the manufacturer. All bidders shall indicate on a separate written sheet that is submitted with their bid the exact conditions, limitations and duration of their warranty. As a minimum the warranty provided shall conform to the requirements stated herein. From Section 3.0 Special Terms and Conditions (pages 64–65):

APPENDIX D3 Agency: Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department Attached Example(s) of Warranty Specifications: Pavement Marking Specification Period Remarks HIGH-PERFORMANCE PAVEMENT MARKING—two options: Option 1: Inverted profile thermoplastic 4 years from installation Specified for center lines, edge lines, and skip lines. Specifications include required physical and materials characteristics of pavement markings, application methods, and weather conditions during placement. Manufacturer provides written warranty for retaining required minimum retroreflectivity. See para. (b), (g)(3), and (j) for warranty provisions. Warranty covers “normal roadway conditions… regardless of average daily traffic.” The 48-month warranty performance requirement is evaluated against both dry and wet criteria. Option 2: High-performance marking tape (or, for center and skip lines on portland cement concrete pavements, high- performance contrast marking tape) 4 years from installation Specified for center lines, edge lines, and skip lines. Specifications include required physical and materials characteristics of pavement markings, application methods, and weather conditions during placement. Manufacturer provides written warranty for retaining required minimum retroreflectivity. See para. (b) and (d) for warranty provisions. Warranty covers “normal roadway conditions… regardless of average daily traffic.” The 48-month warranty performance requirements are evaluated against both dry and wet criteria. 74

75 ARKANSAS STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT SPECIAL PROVISION JOB _________ HIGH PERFORMANCE PAVEMENT MARKING This special provision shall cover the work of furnishing all materials and placing High Performance Pavement Markings in accordance with this special provision and the Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department, Edition of 2003, Section 719. High Performance Pavement Markings shall be either Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Pavement Markings (Option 1) or High Performance Marking Tape (Option 2) as specified herewith. These markings shall be placed in conformity with the types, dimensions, and lines shown on the plans or as directed by the Engineer. This special provision supersedes items in the Standard Specifications for Highway Construction. The Contractor shall assume all costs and other responsibilities resulting from the use of patented materials, equipment, devices or processes used on, or incorporated in the work. Unsatisfactory pavement marking performed by the contractor must be removed and replaced in compliance with these specifications. No payment will be made for removal or replacement of the Contractor’s unsatisfactory marking. All High Performance Permanent Pavement Markings as shown on the plans must consist of one of the options below. OPTION 1, INVERTED PROFILE THERMOPLASTIC PAVEMENT MARKINGS: (a) Description. This option consists of the material requirements and application of inverted profile thermoplastic striping material for 1) Center lines, 2) Edge lines, and 3) Skip lines. The inverted profile thermoplastic is hot applied to the pavement surface and shall be formed during application with an inverted profile that will rapidly drain water from the highway surface. This rapid draining shall allow the traffic stripe to be highly reflective in heavy rain. This Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Pavement Marking for edge lines shall be composed of three (3) items: a thermoplastic marking compound, a double drop glass bead system, and special equipment capable of producing the inverted profile pavement marking. For use on center and skip lines on portland cement concrete pavements, the Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Pavement Marking will also require a black contrasting edge surrounding the stripe. This type of pavement marking shall be designated as Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Contrast Pavement Marking. (b) Warranty. The manufacturer shall supply a written warranty for retaining minimum retroreflectivity values as specified herein. This written warranty will indicate the terms of the requirements in accordance with these specifications. (c) Sampling and Testing. Sampling and testing shall be in accordance with the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department’s sampling and testing procedures. (d) Materials. (1) Description. This section covers machine applied alkyd/maleic or hydrocarbon thermoplastic pavement marking material with both intermixed and drop-on glass beads for use in the inverted profile pavement marking.

(2) Thermoplastic Material. The thermoplastic material used for hot alkyd/maleic or hydrocarbon applications shall consist of homogeneously mixed pigments, fillers, resins and glass beads and shall be available in both white and yellow. The thermoplastic material shall be free of contaminates and shall be dry blended from 100% virgin stock, using no reprocessed materials. The thermoplastic material, while on the roadway surface, and at any natural ambient temperature, shall exist in a hard solid state with cold ductility that permits normal movement with the road surface without chipping and/or cracking. The material shall meet the minimum requirements specified herein including, but not limited to, composition, physical characteristics, etc. The physical and chemical properties contained in this specification shall apply regardless of the type of formulation used. The pigment, beads and fillers shall be free from all skins, dirt and foreign objects. The thermoplastic material upon heating shall not exude fumes which are toxic, or injurious to persons or property. The thermoplastic material shall not deteriorate or discolor when held at the application temperature for periods of time up to four (4) hours, or upon reheating to the application temperature for a period of time not to exceed four (4) hours. The thermoplastic material shall be readily applicable at temperatures between 400 and 430°F (200 and 225°C) from the approved equipment, to produce pavement markings of the required type and thickness above the pavement surface as described elsewhere in this specification. (e) Composition. The pigment, beads, resin and fillers shall be a uniform blend. The material shall be free from all skins, dirt, and foreign objects and shall comply with requirements according to Table 1. Table 1: Composition Component Composition by Weight White Yellow Binder 19% Min. 19% Min. Glass Beads (Intermixed) 40% Min. 40% Min. Titanium Dioxide (For White Material Only) 10% Min. N/A Yellow Pigment (For Yellow Material Only) N/A 5% Min. Calcium Carbonate & Inert Filler 31% Max 41% Max NOTE “A”: The amount of calcium carbonate and inert fillers shall be at the option of the manufacturer, providing all other requirements of the specifications are met. Other Ingredients. Titanium Dioxide shall meet ASTM D 476–Type II, (Rutile grade—92% Min. Titanium content). (f) Glass Beads. The glass beads used in formulating the thermoplastic compound or dropped on the thermoplastic shall be smooth, clear and free from any air inclusions and scratches that might affect their function as retro-reflective media, and shall have the characteristics listed as follows. When an adhesion promoting coating is required, it shall conform to the specific test requirements contained in Subsection 718.02 (g) (2) of the Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department, Edition of 2003. 76

77 (1) Intermix Glass Beads. The intermix glass beads shall make up a minimum of 40% of the thermoplastic compound, by weight. These beads shall meet all requirements of ASTM D 1155 with 70% true spheres; the +20 sieve shall be tested visually. These beads shall also be coated with an adhesion promoting coating. Size Distribution. The gradation of Class B glass beads shall have the size distribution shown in Table 2. Table 2: Bead Size Distribution US Standard Sieve Size (mm) % Passing 16 (1.18) 99–100 20 (0.850) 75–100 30 (0.600) 55–95 50 (0.300) 10–35 100 (0.150) 0–5 (2) Drop-On Glass Beads. Drop-on glass beads shall be separated into the two following classes: Class A drop-on glass beads shall be used in the first bead coat and shall be coated with a silane adhesion coating. Class A drop-on beads shall exhibit the following characteristics: Color and Clarity. The glass beads shall be colorless and clear and shall be free of carbon residues. Index of Refraction. The index of refraction shall be 1.50 or higher. Roundness. The glass beads shall have a minimum of eighty (80)% rounds per screen for the two highest sieve quantities (determined visually) and no more than three (3)% angular particles per screen (visual). The remaining sieve fractions shall be no less than 75% rounds (determined visually, per aspect ratio using microfiche reader). (Angulars are defined as particles with sharp edges.) Air Inclusions. The glass beads may contain a maximum of ten (10)% air inclusions. Specific Gravity. The specific gravity of the glass beads shall be a minimum of 2.50. Gradation. The gradation of Class A glass beads shall be as shown in Table 3. Table 3: Class A Bead Gradation US Standard Sieve Size (mm) % Passing 12 (1.70) 100 14 (1.40) 95–100 16 (1.18) 80–95 18 (1.00) 10–40 20 (0.850) 0–5 25 (0.710) 0–2 Class B drop-on glass beads shall be used in the second bead coat and shall comply with ASTM D 1155; the +20 portion shall be tested visually and shall have an adhesion promoting coating which shall also provide moisture resistance as tested by AASHTO M 247. Not more than thirty (30)% of the glass spheres shall be irregular or fused spheroids. At least seventy (70)% of the beads shall be true spheres. (ASTM D 1155, Procedure B).

Gradation. The gradation of Class B glass beads shall be as shown in Table 4. Table 4: Class B Bead Gradation US Standard Sieve Size (mm) % Passing 16 (1.18) 99–100 20 (0.850) 75–100 30 (0.600) 55–95 50 (0.300) 10–35 100 (0.150) 0–5 (g) Physical Characteristics. (1) Color. The thermoplastic pavement marking material shall meet the following requirements for daylight reflectance and color when tested using a standard color difference meter (0° –45° ) ICE, Illuminate C and a magnesium oxide standard or an approved secondary standard. (ASTM E 1347 and I.T.E. spec. section 4.3.1) White—Daylight reflectance at 45° –0° of 75% minimum and match federal test standard number 595b, (Color 17886). Yellow—Daylight reflectance at 45° –0° of 45% minimum and match federal test standard number 595b, (Color 13538), which shall fall within the limits of FHWA highway color tolerance chart, PR color #1. Chromaticity. Coordinates x and y shall fall in an area bordered by these coordinates: x 0.470 0.510 0.490 0.537 y 0.455 0.489 0.432 0.462 (2) Initial Retroreflectivity. The initial retroreflectivity for the in-place marking shall have the minimum retroreflectivity readings shown here, as obtained with a retroreflectometer using 30-meter geometry, as per ASTM E 1710: Dry: White—450 mcd/m²/lux Yellow—300 mcd/m²/lux Wet: White—150 mcd/m²/lux Yellow—100 mcd/m²/lux Wet Test Procedure: Mark or delineate a 3 foot (1 m) long section of pavement marking to be tested. Follow the procedure in ASTM E 2177 to determine retroreflectivity. (3) Retained Retroreflectivity. The thermoplastic pavement marking material shall retain the minimum retroreflectivity value of 150 mcd/m² /lux under dry night conditions and 75 mcd/m² /lux under wet conditions for at least 48 months after placement. This value will be required for both white and yellow markings. Failure to meet this requirement shall require the manufacturer to replace the portion of the material shown to be below these minimums. The manufacturer shall supply a written warranty indicating the terms of this requirement. (4) Yellowness Index. The white thermoplastic material shall not exceed a yellowness index of 0.15. (AASHTO T-250) (5) Cracking Resistance at Low Temperature. The thermoplastic pavement marking material shall be 100% passing. (AASHTO T-250) 78

79 (6) Impact Resistance. The impact resistance of the thermoplastic pavement marking material shall be a minimum of 10-inch pounds [1.13 joule (j)]. (AASHTO T-250) (7) Softening Point. The thermoplastic material shall have a softening point of 215° ± 15° F (102.5° ± 9.5° C). (ASTM D 36) (8) Drying Time. When applied at a temperature of 412° ± 12.5° F (211° ± 7° C) and at a thickness of 0.140 in. (4 mm), the thermoplastic material shall set to bear traffic in not more than 2 minutes when the air temperature is 50° F (11° C) and not more than 10 minutes when the air temperature is 90° F (32° C). (9) Profilability. The thermoplastic pavement marking material shall be formulated so that when applied at a temperature of between 400° F and 430° F (200° C and 225° C), the individual profiles shall be a minimum of 0.140 in. (4 mm) when measured at the highest point of the profile and shall not excessively run back together. (10) Flashpoint. The thermoplastic material shall have a flashpoint not less than 475° F (246° C). (AASHTO T-250) (11) Indention Resistance. After 15 seconds with the sample panels and Shore Durometer (Ty-A2) reading 90° F (32° C), and applying a 5 lb (2 kg) load, the reading shall not be less than 45. (ASTM D 2240) (12) Flowability. After heating the thermoplastic material for 4 hours ± 5 minutes at 425° ± 3° F (218° ± 2° C) and testing for flowability, the white thermoplastic shall have a maximum percent residue of 22 and the yellow thermoplastic shall have a maximum residue of 24%. (AASHTO T-250) (13) Extended Heating. The thermoplastic shall have a maximum residue of 28%. (AASHTO T- 250) (14) Storage Life. The thermoplastic material shall meet the requirements of this specification for a period of 1 year. The thermoplastic must also melt uniformly with no evidence of skins or unmelted particles for the 1 year period. Any material not meeting the above requirements shall be replaced by the manufacturer. (15) Packaging and Marking. The thermoplastic material shall be packaged in suitable containers to which it will not adhere during shipment and storage. The bags of thermoplastic material shall be approximately 22 in. x 14 in. x 4 in (560 mm x 350 mm x 100 mm) and shall weigh approximately 50 pounds (23 kg). Each container label shall designate the color, manufacturer’s name, batch number, and date of manufacture. Each batch manufactured shall have its own separate number. The label shall warn the user that the material shall be heated to 400° F to 430° F (200° C to 225° C) during application. (h) Construction Methods. (1) Equipment. The application equipment shall be specially designed for placing hot thermoplastic material in a hot molten state on the pavement surface utilizing a pressure type application method. The hot thermoplastic inverted profile pavement marking shall be formed by a thermoplastic die that is allowed to travel along in proximity with the road surface. The die is pulled forward by a special linkage that will allow it to automatically level itself as to float and remain parallel with the road surface. The top of the die shall be enclosed and provide entry means for the hot molten thermoplastic to enter the die cavity. The bottom of the die shall contain a moveable door that is remote controlled so as to start or stop the flow of thermoplastic on to the pavement surface. When the moveable door is open, thermoplastic can flow through the die and will apply a thermoplastic line that will be formed rearward of the advancing die. The road surface shall be at the bottom of the die enclosure. Thermoplastic shall be fed to the die under pressure through flexible oil-jacketed stainless steel hoses. The thermoplastic die shall be formed from a single solid block of steel that is oil-jacketed on four (4) sides in order to keep the die hot at all times.

The thermoplastic die shall incorporate within the same housing a special curtain coater, low pressure drop-on type glass bead gun, (Bead Coat #1). The pressure die and curtain coat bead gun shall be a single unit that is oil-jacketed on 4 sides and is formed from a single solid block of steel. This glass bead gun shall dispense glass beads onto the hot thermoplastic line from a height of approximately 1 inch (25 mm) above the road surface. The point at which the glass beads strike the surface of the pavement marking shall be approximately 3 inches (75 mm) behind the strike point of the thermoplastic itself. This reflective bead coat #1 shall utilize Class A glass beads as specified in the Subsection (f)(2) above and shall provide a surface coating of 50% of the thermoplastic pavement marking surface. Of this 50% surface coverage, at least 50% of the beads will be embedded to a depth of 60% of their diameter. A second curtain coater, low pressure drop-on type glass bead gun capable of applying a continuous sheet or ribbon of glass beads shall follow at an interval of approximately 10 inches (250 mm) behind the first bead gun. This second glass bead gun shall apply bead coat #2 which will form a continuous drop- on coat of Class B glass beads, meeting the requirements of Subsection (f)(2) above, immediately in front of the pavement marking profiling device. This second curtain coat of glass beads shall have a low impact speed so that they are not forced into the pavement marking under pressure. A special rotatable wheel pavement marking profiling device shall be located approximately 8 inches (200 mm) behind bead gun #2. This rotatable wheel device shall be approximately 7 inches (175 mm) in diameter and shall have a plurality of spaced projections located around its circumference. The pavement marking profiling device shall be wider than the pavement marking being applied in order that the pavement marking shall be adequately covered. The projections on the profiling device shall have an angular pavement marking profiling surface set at an angle to the pavement surface. The rotatable pavement marking profile device shall be mounted with an automatic leveling device to the same carriage assembly as the thermoplastic gun. Using rollers to place grooves in the traffic marking utilizing a separate vehicle or grooves that are not pressed within 1 second of thermoplastic material application will not be allowed under this specification. To insure that no hot thermoplastic adheres to the wheel as it rotates and profiles the marking, a small air atomized water jet shall apply a thin mist of water to the rotatable profile wheel. No water puddles greater than 1/4 inch (6 mm) in diameter shall be allowed to accumulate on the pavement surface in proximity to the freshly placed pavement marking. All parts of the thermoplastic holding tank including manifolds, hoses, pipes, dies, etc., shall be oil- jacketed to insure accurate temperature control. The thermoplastic material shall be preheated in kettles designed specifically for that purpose. Each kettle of preheated thermoplastic material shall be properly mixed and heated to the correct application temperature. The preheated material shall then be fed to the thermoplastic gun for application. The striper unit shall be truck mounted with kettle capacity to hold 2,000 lb (907 kg), of thermoplastic and shall have the capacity to contain enough glass beads and water to apply one full kettle of thermoplastic. (2) Surface Preparation. All new asphalt surfaces shall have a minimum cure period of 14 days prior to installing the inverted profile pavement marking, unless otherwise approved by the engineer. If the roadway is to be opened to traffic during the 14 day curing period, the Contractor shall place painted markings according to Section 718 of the Standard Specifications. These painted markings will be measured and paid for under Section 604 of the Standard Specifications. In this case, the Contractor shall maintain the painted markings at no additional cost to the Department until the permanent markings are installed. 80

81 All pavement areas to be marked shall be thoroughly cleaned using equipment capable of cleaning without damaging the surface. This will include, but not be limited to all vegetation, loose soil, oils, and other debris. Installation of the inverted profiled pavement marking shall follow as closely as practical after the surface has been cleaned. Where so shown on the plans or as directed by the engineer, the existing pavement marking shall be removed by grinding. When placing Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Pavement Marking on asphalt pavement that has more than one existing coat of striping material, the existing marking shall be removed to the point that 80% of the pavement surface is visible. When placing Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Pavement Marking or Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Contrast Pavement Marking on portland cement concrete, no existing pavement marking or curing compound shall be marked over, with the exception of placement of white or yellow inverted profile thermoplastic over the black contrast material. Concrete surfaces shall be ground to the point that 80% of the pavement surface is visible prior to placing the material. The contrast material shall match federal test standard number 595b, (Color x7038 series). When installing Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Pavement Marking or Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Contrast Pavement Marking over old oxidized asphalt, or on portland cement concrete surfaces, a two component epoxy primer sealer shall be used and installed as recommended in writing by the thermoplastic material supplier. The epoxy primer sealer shall be EX255/EX256 as manufactured by Crown Paint Company of Oklahoma City, OK, or approved alternate. If an alternate epoxy primer sealer to the Crown Paint EX255/EX256 is chosen, the Contractor shall supply a formulation analysis and proof of adequate performance of the alternate when used with thermoplastic inverted profile pavement markings. Removal of existing pavement marking will be measured and paid for under the appropriate items under Section 604 of the Standard Specifications. (3) Weather Conditions/Limitations. When placing Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Pavement Marking or Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Contrast Pavement Marking, no striping shall be permitted when the surface temperature is less than 60° F (16° C). A non-contact infrared pyrometer shall be supplied by the contractor for use by the Engineer for temperature verification. To prevent the rapid cooling of the freshly placed marking, no striping shall be performed when there is moisture on the pavement surface or when winds exceed 12 mph (19 km/hr). After hard rains, even though no moisture is visible, Portland Cement Concrete and asphalt surfaces can hold water. When unseen moisture is suspected to be present, a moisture test shall be performed. The test shall be as follows: Place a piece of paper, minimum 60 pound bond, such as Kraft paper, on the pavement surface. Pour 1/2 gallon (2 L) of thermoplastic onto the paper. After 2 minutes, lift the paper and inspect to see if moisture has been drawn from the pavement. If moisture is present, do not proceed with the Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Pavement Marking or Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Contrast Pavement Marking until the surface is moisture free. Documentation of weather and pavement conditions shall be maintained by the Contractor and supplied to the Engineer on a form approved by the Department.

On all roadways opened to traffic, when temperature limitations prohibit placement of the marking within the three (3) or fourteen (14) day limit specified in Section 604, the Contractor shall place painted markings according to Section 718 of the Standard Specifications. Painted markings required due to temperature limitations will be measured and paid for under Section 604 of the Standard Specifications. In this case, the Contractor shall maintain the painted markings at no additional cost to the Department until the permanent markings are installed. (4) Placement. The thermoplastic material shall be preheated and thoroughly mixed at an application of between 400° F (204 C) minimum and 430° F (221 C) maximum. A digital thermometer, complete with a 24 inch probe, shall be supplied to the Engineer by the Contractor for temperature verification. When measured at the highest point of the profile, the cold thickness of the in place thermoplastic pavement marking shall be a minimum of 0.140 inch (4 mm) for inverted profile markings. The thickness of the thermoplastic in the bottom of the profiles shall range from 0.025 inch–0.050 inch (0.6 mm– 1.2 mm). The individual profiles shall be located transversely across the pavement marking at interval of approximately 1 inch (25 mm). The bottoms of these intervals shall be between 3/32 inch and 5/16 inch (2 mm and 8 mm) wide. In order to drain water and to reflect light, it is normal for the top surface of the inverted profiles to be irregular. The rate of thermoplastic application for Inverted Profile thermoplastic pavement marking shall be approximately 2,500 lbs/mile (705 kg/km) for a 4 inch (100 mm) solid pavement marking and there shall be appropriate adjustments for skip markings or various line widths. The glass bead application rate for Class A glass beads (bead coat #1) shall be approximately 500 lbs/mile (141 kg/km) of 4 inch (100 mm) solid pavement marking. There shall be appropriate adjustments for skip markings or various line widths. The glass bead application rate for Class B glass beads (bead coat #2) shall be approximately 500 lbs/mile (141 kg/km) of 4 inch (100 mm) solid pavement marking. There shall be appropriate adjustments for skip markings or various line widths. The thickness of the pavement marking materials shall be verified periodically [at least every 1/4 mile (400m)] and any thickness more than 5% under the designated thickness shall be reworked. A consistent, un-corrected underrun will not be allowed and the Contractor will be required to install the specified minimum thickness of 0.140 inch (4 mm). A wet film thickness gauge, such as a GulfLine Model 140W, shall be provided to the Engineer. For Center and Skip line applications on Portland Cement Concrete pavements, a contrasting edge must be in place prior to laying the Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Pavement Marking. The contrasting edge will consist of a black thermoplastic material with a minimum thickness of 0.140 inch (4 mm) and a minimum stripe width of 7 inches (175 mm) so that there will be a minimum edge of 1 ½ inches (38 mm) on each side of the Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Pavement Marking. The contrast material must be dry to the touch, yet clean and non-oxidized, prior to placing the Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Pavement Marking. There must be no bleed-through of the contrast material after the inverted profile has been placed. (i) Inspection Procedure for In-Place Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Pavement. (1) Purpose. To provide supervising Department personnel with a procedure for insuring compliance with various items in the performance specifications for in-place inverted profile thermoplastic pavement marking. A supplier’s representative must be present at the time of the application of the markings to 82

83 ensure that the markings are placed in accordance with this specification and the manufacturer’s recommended procedures. (2) Apparatus. Measuring tape or ruler A 30-meter retroreflectometer complying with ASTM E 1710 Magnifying glass Cold Thickness Gauge Wet Thickness Gauge Non-Contact Infrared Pyrometer Digital Thermometer with 24 inch (600 mm) Probe Electronic Digital Wind Speed Indicator (3) Procedure—Line Selection. 3 foot (1 m) test sections shall be selected by the Engineer throughout the project. Measurements of the pavement marking cool thickness, width, retroreflectivity, beads and bonding shall be taken. In a given 3 foot (1 m) section, several retroreflectivity readings will be taken and averaged to yield a net reading for that section. (See Section j, Warranty) (4) Procedure—Thickness. After the striper unit has passed a given point by a distance of 40 ft (12m), use a wet thickness gauge to test the pavement marking thickness. Place the gauge over the pavement marking so that the ends rest on the road surface on either side of the marking. Slide the gauge forward along the pavement marking for about a 6 in (150 mm) distance. All wet thickness measurements shall be reported to the Engineer. After the pavement marking is allowed to completely cool, the marking thickness can be accurately measured by placing the cold thickness gauge over the marking in the same manner as the wet test. Rest the gauge pad that is connected to the dial indicator on the highest point of the pavement marking. From time to time test the calibration of the gauge by placing it on a flat surface. The dial indicator can be rotated so as to set a 0 reading on a flat surface. Note: The minimum required in-place thickness of the inverted profile pavement marking shall be 0.140 inch (4 mm) as measured at the highest point of the marking. (5) Procedure—Width. Measure the pavement marking width across the marking at the bottom of the inverted profile. The line width should be 3 7/8 inches to 4 3/8 inches (98 mm–110 mm). (6) Procedure—Retroreflectivity. Use the 30-meter retroreflectometer to measure the retroreflectivity at random locations. See Section (g)(2). Also, see the operation manual distributed with this device for detailed instructions on usage. Initial readings shall be taken within 7 days of application. (7) Procedure—Beads. 50% of the glass beads should be embedded to approximately 60% of their diameter to insure proper adherence to the thermoplastic marking material and provide maximum initial retroreflectivity. Shallow embedment allows the beads to debond and deep embedment reduces retroreflectivity. Use a magnifying glass to view bead embedment. (8) Procedure—Bonding. The thermoplastic inverted profile pavement marking shall be properly bonded to the pavement surface. When completely cured, it should be almost impossible to get a knife or screwdriver blade between the marking and the roadway.

(j) Warranty. Longitudinal markings, designated as Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Pavement Marking or Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Contrast Pavement Marking, shall meet the minimum performance level of 150 mcd/m² /lux under dry pavement conditions and 75 mcd/m² /lux under wet pavement conditions in accordance with ASTM E 2177 (white or yellow) for a period of 48 months from the date of installation when exposed to normal roadway conditions and regardless of average daily traffic. Failure to meet this requirement shall result in the total replacement of the portion of the material shown to be below these minimums. Adequacy will be determined by an average brightness reading over a zone minimum marking length of 300 linear feet (90 m) using the 30-meter retroreflectometer. The zone of measurement referred to includes: 1) Center lines, 2) Edge lines, and 3) Skip lines. The measurement procedure for this warranty will entail a visual night inspection by a supplier’s representative and a Department representative to identify areas of the installation which appear to be below the specified minimum warranted reflectance value. All reflectance measurements should be made on a clean dry surface at a minimum temperature of 40° F (4° C). Measurement intervals for installations with areas less than, or equal to, 3 miles (5 km) that appear to be below the minimum specifications, should be made at a minimum of 3 check points for each zone. These should include the start point, approximate mid-point, and the end point. Measurements for installations with areas greater than 3 miles (5 km) which appear to be below the minimum specifications should be made at the start point and end point of the areas in questions with additional measurements spaced at 3 mile (5 km) intervals between the start and end points. The number of measurements at each check point for each zone will be as follows: Skip lines: 18 measurements distributed over 6 skip lines, should be made at each check point. Center lines and/or edge lines: 18 measurements should be made and the measurements should be distributed over 300 linear feet (90 m) of continuous stripe. If the pavement markings are more than 6 in (150 mm) wide, the cross sections should be determined by 1/3 of the measurements on the right edge, 1/3 of the measurements on the axis, and 1/3 of the measurements on the left edge. In addition, the reflectance values at each check point shall be averaged by zone to determine conformance to the minimum reflective values. (k) Method of Measurement. Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Pavement Markings and Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Contrast Pavement Markings will be measured by the linear foot (meter) of the color and width specified. Where double stripes are placed, each pavement marking will be measured separately. (l) Basis of Payment. Work completed and accepted and measured as provided above will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot (meter) for Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Pavement Markings and Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Contrast Pavement Markings of the color and width specified, which price shall be full compensation for furnishing and installing markings; for surface preparation; and for all labor, equipment, tools, furnishing thickness gauge, and incidentals necessary to complete the work. 84

85 Payment will be made under: Pay Item Pay Unit Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Pavement Marking Linear Foot (Meter) White ( ___”/___mm) Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Pavement Marking Linear Foot (Meter) Yellow ( ___”/___mm) Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Contrast Pavement Marking Linear Foot (Meter) White ( ___”/___mm) Inverted Profile Thermoplastic Contrast Pavement Marking Linear Foot (Meter) Yellow ( ___”/___mm) OPTION 2, HIGH PERFORMANCE MARKING TAPE: (a) Description. This option consists of the material requirements and application of High Performance Marking Tape for 1) Center lines, 2) Edge lines, and 3) Skip lines. The high performance marking tape is a durable, conformable and retroreflective marking designed for long-term reflectivity. For use on center and skip lines on portland cement concrete pavements, the High Performance Marking Tape will require a black contrasting edge surrounding the stripe. This type of pavement marking shall be designated as High Performance Contrast Marking Tape. (b) Warranty. The manufacturer shall supply a written warranty for retaining minimum retroreflectivity values as specified herein. This written warranty will indicate the terms of the requirements in accordance with these specifications. (c) Materials. (1) General. The High Performance Marking Tape shall consist of white or yellow films with clear and/or yellow-tinted microcrystalline ceramic beads incorporated to provide immediate and continuing retroreflection. The contrast material for the High Performance Contrast Marking Tape shall also include a black preformed patterned film border, bonded to the edges to form a continuous roll. These films shall be manufactured without the use of lead chromate pigments or other similar, lead-containing chemicals. The total width of the High Performance Contrast Marking Tape shall be an additional 3 inches (75 mm) wider than the standard width specified. This additional 3 inch (75 mm) width shall be a black non- reflective film with 1½ inches (37.5 mm) on both sides of the white or yellow film. The High Performance Marking Tape and the High Performance Contrast Marking Tape shall be capable of being adhered to asphalt cement concrete or portland cement concrete by a pre-coated pressure sensitive adhesive. In accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations, a surface preparation adhesive may be used to precondition the pavement surface. The markings shall conform to pavement contours by the action of traffic. The marking also shall be capable of application on new, dense, and open grade asphalt concrete wearing courses in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Following proper surface preparation, application, and tamping, the markings shall be immediately ready

for traffic. The markings shall be suitable for use for at least one year after the date of manufacture, when stored in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. (2) Composition. The High Performance Marking Tape and the High Performance Contrast Marking Tape shall be retroreflective, patterned pliant polymer pavement markings consisting of a mixture of high-quality polymeric materials, pigments and glass beads distributed throughout its base cross-sectional area, with a reflective layer of microcrystalline ceramic beads bonded to a durable polyurethane topcoat surface. The patterned surface shall have approximately 50% ± 15% of the surface area raised and presenting a near vertical face ( angle) to traffic from any direction. (See diagram below.) The channels between the raised areas shall be substantially free of exposed beads or particles. The High Performance Contrast Marking Tape shall consist of highly durable, retroreflective white or yellow pliant polymer materials with durable matte black, non-reflective pliant polymer borders. This material shall be designed for typical longitudinal pavement marking configurations such as lane lines, edge lines, and gore markings. (3) Reflectance. The white and yellow tape shall have the following minimum reflectance values as measured with a 30-meter geometry retroreflectometer according to ASTM E 1710. The photometric quantity to be measured shall be coefficient of retroreflected luminance (RL) and shall be expressed as millicandelas per square meter per lux (mcd/m² /lux). Dry Initial: White: 450 mcd/m² /lux Yellow: 300 mcd/m² /lux Wet Initial: White: 150 mcd/m² /lux Yellow: 100 mcd/m² /lux Wet Test Procedure: Mark or delineate a 3 foot (1 m) long section of pavement marking to be tested. Follow the procedure in ASTM E 2177 to determine retroreflectivity. (4) Beads—Index of Refraction. All microcrystalline ceramic beads bonded to the polyurethane- coated, patterned surface of the material shall have a minimum index of refraction of 1.70 when tested using the oil immersion method. The glass beads mixed into the pliant polymer shall have a minimum index of refraction of 1.50 when tested by the oil immersion method. The test shall be performed as follows: Equipment required: Microscope (minimum 100X magnification); light source - preferably sodium light or other monochromatic source, but not absolutely essential; refractive index liquids; microscope slide and slide cover; mortar and pestle. Using the mortar and pestle, crush a few representative beads and place a few of these crushed particles on a microscope slide. Place a drop of a refractive index liquid, with an index as close to that of the glass as can be estimated, on the particles. Cover the slide with a microscope slide cover and view the crushed particles by transmitted light normal to the slide surface (illuminated from the bottom). 86

87 Adjust the microscope mirror to allow a minimum light intensity for viewing. This is particularly important if sodium light is not used. Bring a relatively flat and transparent particle into focus. By slightly raising and lowering the objective (microscope tube), look for one or both of the following: 1. Becke Line—This light line will appear to move either into the particle or away from it. In general, if the objective is raised, the line will move toward the material of higher refractive index; if the objective is lowered, the line will move toward the material of lower index. 2. Variation in Particle Brightness—When raising the object from a sharp focus, the particle will appear to get brighter or darker than the surrounding field. If it becomes brighter, the glass has a higher refractive index than the liquid. If it becomes darker, the glass has a lower refractive index than the liquid. In both cases, the opposite will be true if the object is lowered. This test can be used to confirm that the beads are above or below a specified index. It can also be used to give an accurate determination of the index (±0.001). This is done by using several refractive index liquids until a match or near match of indices occurs. The index of the glass will equal that of the liquid when no Becke line and no variation in bead brightness can be observed. The size and quality of the beads shall be such that the material and performance requirements for the retroreflective pliant polymer shall be met. (5) Acid Resistance. The beads shall show resistance as described herein to corrosion of their surface after exposure to a 1% solution (by weight) of sulfuric acid. The 1% acid solution shall be made by adding 5.7 mL of concentrated acid into 1000 mL of distilled water. CAUTION: Always add the concentrated acid into the water, not the reverse. The test shall be performed as follows: Take a 1 inch x 2 inch sample, adhere it to the bottom of a glass tray and place just enough acid solution to completely immerse the sample. Cover the tray with a piece of glass to prevent evaporation and allow the sample to be exposed for 24 hours under these conditions. Then decant the acid solution (do not rinse, touch or otherwise disturb the bead surfaces) and dry the sample while adhered to the glass tray in a 150° F (66° C) oven for approximately 15 minutes. Microscopic examination (20X) shall show no more than 15% of the beads having a formation of a very distinct opaque white (corroded) layer on their entire surface. (6) Color. The markings shall consist of white and yellow films with pigments selected and blended to conform to values in the table below and a black preformed patterned film border. White and yellow shall conform to the following table when measured with ASTM E 1349, using 45/0 (0/45) geometry, CIE Standard Illuminant D65 and CIE 2° standard observer. Chromaticity Coordinates 1 2 3 4 Daytime Luminance Factor (Y) x y x y x y x y minimum White 0.355 0.355 0.305 0.305 0.285 0.325 0.335 0.375 35 Yellow 0.560 0.440 0.490 0.510 0.420 0.440 0.460 0.400 25

(7) Skid Resistance. The patterned surface of the retroreflective pliant polymer shall provide an initial average skid resistance value of 45 BPN (British Pendulum Number) when tested according to AASHTO T 278, except values shall be taken in one direction and then at a 45° angle from that direction. These two values shall then be averaged to find the skid resistance of the patterned surface. (8) Patchability. Worn areas of the marking material shall be capable of being patched using the same material in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. (9) Thickness. The patterned material without adhesive shall have a minimum caliper measurement of 0.065 inch (1.65 mm) at the thickest portion of the patterned cross-section and a minimum caliper measurement of 0.02 inch (0.51 mm) at the thinnest portion of the cross-section. (c) Construction Requirements. The placement of the marking shall comply with the manufacturer’s recommendations. The Contractor shall identify proper surface preparation adhesive (where necessary) to be applied at the time of application, all equipment necessary for proper application, and recommendations for application that will assure effective product performance. The air temperature shall be a minimum of 60° F (16° C) and rising or a minimum road temperature of 70° F (21° C) before installation is allowed. On all roadways opened to traffic, when temperature limitations prohibit placement of the marking within the three (3) or fourteen (14) day limit specified in Section 604, the Contractor shall place painted markings according to Section 718 of the Standard Specifications. Painted markings required due to temperature limitations will be measured and paid for under Section 604 of the Standard Specifications. In this case, the Contractor shall maintain the painted markings at no additional cost to the Department until the permanent markings are installed. The roadway surface shall be cleaned by the Contractor with high pressure air or by sweeping. The roadway shall then be marked where the pavement marking is to be applied. The marking can then be applied by hand or with a manual or mechanical highway tape applicator designed for that purpose. Only butt splices will be allowed with no overlapping. After application, firmly tamp the tape with a minimum 200 pounds (90 kg) load or by slowly (2-3 mph [3-5 km/h]) driving over the tape with a vehicle tire. Do not twist the tamping device on the tape. The Contractor shall ensure that all edges are firmly adhered. Spotting of the center line and lane line locations, if required, shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. Establishment of no passing zones, if required, will be done by the Department and will be completed at such time as the Contractor begins work. Edge lines shall not be broken for driveways. The trace of the line shall be uniform. All conflicting existing markings shall be removed according to Section 604 of the Standard Specifications. 0.065 ” 0.020 ” 88

89 (d) Warranty. Longitudinal markings, designated as High Performance Marking Tape or High Performance Contrast Marking Tape, shall meet the minimum performance level of 150 mcd/m² /lux under dry pavement conditions and 75 mcd/m² /lux under wet pavement conditions in accordance with ASTM E 2177 (white or yellow) for a period of 48 months from the date of installation when exposed to normal roadway conditions and regardless of average daily traffic. Failure to meet this requirement shall result in the total replacement of the portion of the material shown to be below these minimums. Adequacy will be determined by an average brightness reading over a zone minimum marking length of 300 linear feet (90 m) using the 30-meter retroreflectometer. The zone of measurement referred to includes: 1) Center lines, 2) Edge lines, and 3) Skip lines. The measurement procedure for this warranty will entail a visual night inspection by a supplier’s representative and a Department representative to identify areas of the installation which appear to be below the specified minimum warranted reflectance value. All reflectance measurements should be made on a clean dry surface at a minimum temperature of 40° F (4° C). Measurement intervals for installations with areas less than, or equal to, 3 miles (5 km) that appear to be below the minimum specifications, should be made at a minimum of 3 check points for each zone. These should include the start point, approximate mid-point, and the end point. Measurements for installations with areas greater than 3 miles (5 km) that appear to be below the minimum specifications should be made at the start point and end point of the areas in questions with additional measurements spaced at 3 mile (5 km) intervals between the start and end points. The number of measurements at each check point for each zone will be as follows: Skip lines: 18 measurements distributed over 6 skip lines, should be made at each check point. Center lines and/or edge lines: 18 measurements should be made and the measurements should be distributed over 300 linear feet (90 m) of continuous stripe. If the pavement markings are more than 6 in. (150 mm) wide, the cross sections should be determined by 1/3 of the measurements on the right edge, 1/3 of the measurements on the axis, and 1/3 of the measurements on the left edge. In addition, the reflectance values at each check point shall be averaged by zone to determine conformance to the minimum reflective values. (e) Method of Measurement. High Performance Marking Tape and High Performance Contrast Marking Tape will be measured by the linear foot (meter) of the color and width specified. Where double stripes are placed each pavement marking will be measured separately. Removal of permanent pavement markings will be measured and paid for under Section 604 of the Standard Specifications. (f) Basis of Payment. Work completed and accepted and measured as provided above will be paid for at the contract unit price bid per linear foot (meter) for High Performance Marking Tape and High Performance Contrast Marking Tape of the color and width specified, which price shall be full compensation for surface preparation (including furnishing and applying any primer required by the manufacturer), furnishing and installing the markings, and for all labor, equipment, tools, and incidentals necessary to complete the work.

Payment will be made under: Pay Item Pay Unit High Performance Marking Tape Linear Foot (Meter) White ( ___”/___mm) High Performance Marking Tape Linear Foot (Meter) Yellow ( ___”/___mm) High Performance Contrast Marking Tape Linear Foot (Meter) White ( ___”/___mm) High Performance Contrast Marking Tape Linear Foot (Meter) Yellow ( ___”/___mm) 90

91 APPENDIX D4 Agency: British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure Attached Example(s) of Warrant y Specifications: Pavement Marking Specification Period Remarks Pavement Marking Specifications for Longitudinal Pavement Markings—paint with glass bead s Performance measure- ments to Oct. 15 th of year of application and to Jan. 15 th of following year. First part contains general information on definitions, referenced manuals, test methods, etc. This is followed by separate specifications for longitudinal pavement markings and longitudinal pavement markings on new projects. Paint materials must be listed on one or more Recognized Products Lists of British Columbia MOT, Alberta MOT, Washington State DOT, Idaho Transportation Department, or Alaska DOT&PF. Contractor is responsible for fulfilling warranty requirements. Specifications require contractors to conform to dimensional requirements, application methods, test standards and protocols, and performance requirements for retroreflectivity and durability. Measurement of retroreflectivity is taken to Oct. 15 th of the year of application. Durability measurement is taken to Jan. 15 th of the year following application. SCHEDULE “1” PAVEMENT MARKING SPECIFICATION S TABLE OF CONTENTS NAME PAGE NO Introduction 92 A. Materials 92 B. Definitions 92 C. Interpretation 93 D. Pavement Marking Services Completion 93 E. Damage to Government Property 93 F. Referenced Manuals 93 G. Quality Assurance Testing Methods 94 H. Quality Control/Digital Pavement Marking Measurement Instrument 96

Specifications 98 1. Longitudinal Pavement Markings 98 2. Longitudinal Pavement Markings on New Projects 100 INTRODUCTION A. MATERIALS The Contractor will use, unless otherwise approved in writing by the Province; (a) traffic paint in accordance with the Recognized Products List (or equivalent) from at least one of the following agencies: (i) British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure, (ii) Alberta Ministry of Transportation, (iii) Washington State Department of Transportation, (iv) Idaho Transportation Department, (v) Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; (b) white paint that conforms to US Federal specification 595b White 37886; (c) yellow paint that conforms to US Federal specification 595b Yellow 33538; and (d) glass beads for traffic paint that conform to AASHTO M 247 Type 1 gradation with a minimum roundness value of 75% true spheres. B. DEFINITIONS In this Schedule: (a) “Broken Lines” means any line with fixed longitudinal spacing as referenced in the Manual of Standard Traffic Signs and Pavement Markings, figure 7.1; (b) “CHRIS” means the Ministry’s Corporate Highway Resource & Information System; (c) “Government Property” me ans Highways and all structures and other property appurtenant thereto owned or administered by the Province, including all signs, guardrails, pavement, roadbeds, shoulders, culverts, tunnels, bridges, fences and posts; (d) “Layout” means the process of creating a reference to establish Pavement Markings where there are no visible Pavement Markings or where existing Pavement Markings mu st be altered; (e) “Line” me ans any of the lines illustrated in Figure 7.1 of the Manual of Standard Traffic Signs and Pavement Markings; (f) “Test Site” means a site where all six tests described in section “G” of the Introduction to Specifications have been performed at a single location; and (g) “Unacceptable Work” means any work, workmanship, materials, or products produced or supplied by the Contractor or any Subcontractor which, in the opinion of the Ministry, does not conform to the requirements of this Agreement. 92

93 C. INTERPRETATION Whenever more than one Pavement Marking Specification or more than one part of a Pavement Marking Specification applies to a particular Highway location, condition, circumstance or activity, the Contractor will comply with each and every applicable Pavement Marking Specification or part of a Pavement Marking Specification. D. PAVEMENT MARKING SERVICES COMPLETION Wherever the time within which work must be performed by the Contractor under these Pavement Marking Specifications exceeds the time remaining in the Term, the Contractor will, notwithstanding any other provision of these Pavement Marking Specifications, perform the work prior to the end of the Term. E. DAMAGE TO GOVERNMENT PROPERTY All damages to Government Property caused by the Contractor are to be repaired by the Contractor at its own expense and will not be recoverable. F. REFERENCED MANUALS The following sets out a list of manuals that are referenced throughout these Pavement Marking Specifications and are required by the Contractor to perform the Pavement Marking Services. It is the Contractor’s obligation to obtain these manuals and maintain them throughout the term of this Agreement. Manual of Standard Traffic Signs and Pavement Markings, Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure, September 2000 Edition, which can be accessed through the following Internet address: http://www.th.gov.bc.ca/publications/eng_publications/electrical/MoST_PM.pdf The latest edition of the Recognized Products List, Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure, which can be accessed through the following Internet address: http://www.th.gov.bc.ca/publications/eng_publications/geotech/rpl.htm The latest edition of the Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure, which can be purchased from the following Internet address: http://www.publications.gov.bc.ca/ or viewed at: http://www.th.gov.bc.ca/publications/const_maint/contract_serv/standardspecs.htm The latest edition of the Traffic Control Manual for Work on Roadways, Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure, which can be accessed through the following Internet address: http://www.th.gov.bc.ca/publications/eng_publications/TCM/Traffic_Control_Manual.htm Technical Bulletins, Engineering, Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure, which can be accessed through the following Internet address: http://www.th.gov.bc.ca/publications/eng_publications/TE_Bulletins/TE_bulletins.htm

G. QUALITY ASSURANCE TESTING METHODS This section defines how the pavement markings will be tested for conformance to the Detailed Performance Specifications. Once per Operational Day a minimum of two test sites are to be selected for each paint crew. This selection must be representative of the line type accomplishments of that day (e.g., if 90% of the accomplishment of the day was centreline, than the expectation is that the test sites will be on centreline; if 50% of the accomplishment was on centreline and 50% was on lane line, then the expectation would be that there would be a test site on each line type). The following tests must be performed and recorded per site for that day: 1. Colour 1.1 The colour of white pavement markings will comply with U.S. Federal specification 595b White 37886. 1.2 The colour of yellow pavement markings will comply with U.S. Federal specification 595b Yellow 33538. 1.3 Testing for conformance will be made by visual comparison to a standard color card provided by the paint manufacturer that certifies color compliance with the specification. 2. Dimensions 2.1 Longitudinal Pavement Markings will be measured and documented for conformance with the Pavement Marking Specifications. 3. Night Time Retro-reflectivity 3.1 Retro-reflectivity will be measured as per ASTM 6359-99 Standard Specification for Minimum Retro-reflectance of Newly Applied Pavement Markings Using Portable Hand-Operated Instruments and ASTM E1710 Standard Test Method for measurement of Retro-reflective Pavement Marking Materials with CEN-prescribed Geometry Using a Portable Retroreflectometer, notwithstanding the following exceptions contrary to ASTM 6359-99: (a) contrary to Section 6.2.1.4 and 6.2.2.4 of the ASTM 6359-99 Standard Specification for Minimum Retro-reflectance of Newly Applied Pavement Markings Using Portable Hand-Operated Instruments referenced in paragraph 3.1, measurements will be required for Test Sites; (b) contrary to Section 6.2.1.4 and 6.2.2.4 of the ASTM 6359-99 Standard Specification for Minimum Retro-reflectance of Newly Applied Pavement Markings Using Portable Hand-Operated Instruments referenced in paragraph 3.1, all measurements made within a single Test Site may be averaged and recorded as an average. Any average of the readings that do not meet the Pavement Marking Specifications will be determined as Unacceptable Work; (c) contrary to Section 5.1 of the ASTM 6359-99 Standard Specification for Minimum Retro-reflectance of Newly Applied Pavement Markings Using Portable Hand- Operated Instruments referenced in paragraph 3.1, testing for retro-reflectivity will be carried out only when the newly painted surface is clean, dry, free of all excess beads, and after 24 hours of paint being applied. 94

95 3.2 Longitudinal Pavement Markings will have a minimum initial coefficient of retro- reflective luminance as indicated in these Pavement Marking Specifications. 3.3 All measurements for night time retro-reflectivity will be made using a Mirolux MX-30, Stripemaster or Stripemaster 2 retroreflectometer or equivalent, as approved in writing by the Ministry. Measurements will be made using the retro-reflectometer manufacturer’s instructions for operation and procedures and will be made only by competent staff. 3.4 Sampling will be made using a sample size of 20 measurements at 5 meter intervals on a single line. 3.5 All measurements and related data will be retained by the Contractor in an electronic format approved by the Ministry Representative and will be submitted to the Ministry Representative on request. 3.6 A report will be produced for each Test Site and will include the following information: (a) test date; (b) average of the measurements at each Test Site, expressed as millicandelas per square metre per lux (mcd·m 2·lx 1); the average of the measurements will be reported for each traffic direction for centerlines; (c) geographical location of the Test Site, referenced by offsets from CHRIS landmarks; (d) identification of the pavement marking material tested: type, color, date painted, and transverse location on road (line type); (e) identification of the instrument used; (f) value and date of standardization of the instrument standard panel used; (g) remarks concerning the overall condition of the line, such as rubber skid marks, carryover of asphalt, snow plow damage, and other factors that may affect the retro- reflection measurement; (h) ambient temperature; and (i) operator’s name. 4. Thickness and Consistency 4.1 Longitudinal Pavement Markings will have a sufficiently thick cross-section throughout their entire length and width to completely cover the intended area being marked. Pavement markings will be tested as per ASTM D913-03 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Resistance to Wear of Traffic Paint. Newly applied pavement markings must exceed the photographic reference standard of 97%. 5. Daytime Visibility 5.1 When viewed dry or wet in the daytime, the pavement markings will be readily visible for a forward distance of 150 metres, or as far forward as possible until obstructed by the road geometry if less than 150 metres. 5.2 Daytime visibility will be assessed visually. Where it is not clear that the specification is met, the distance will be measured.

6. Durability 6.1 Longitudinal Pavement Markings will be visually assessed for conformance with the specification using ASTM D913-03 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Resistance to Wear of Traffic Paint. 7. Test Site and Acceptance or Rejection 7.1 A Test Site is defined as a site where the above six tests have been performed in a single location. If two or more line types are applied per Operational Day, it may be necessary to perform relevant tests for each line type at more than one location. 7.2 A failure of any one of the six above components will constitute a failure for that Test Site, and will be considered Unacceptable Work. H. QUALITY CONTROL/DIGITAL PAVEMENT MARKING MEASURING INSTRUMENT 8.1 A Digital Pavement Marking Measuring Instrument (herein referred to as a “DPMMI”) (for example: LineTech Dataline, Epic Solutions M7, or similar product) must be mounted to the paint application vehicle that will track the following conditions at an interval no greater than every 15 seconds at all times during paint application: (a) date (b) time (c) location (d) speed of vehicle (e) paint application thickness (wet mils) (f) distance painted (g) glass bead application rate (h) road temperature (i) air temperature (j) paint temperature 8.2 The Contractor is responsible to accurately track the road and exact location on the road that all recorded data applies to. The Contractor is to provide to the Ministry Representative a program capable of transferring the raw digital file produced by the digital measuring instrument into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet file. 8.3 If, for any reason, the DPMMI becomes inoperable, the Contractor will immediately advise the Ministry Representative. The Contractor will inform the Ministry Representative of the area that has been painted without the DPMMI and a date when the instrument will be back in operation. If the instrument will be out of service for 5 or more days of operation, the Contractor may be required to provide documentation from the manufacturer regarding the problem and the proposed date for the solution. 8.4 The Contractor will provide site specific and/or entire logs of raw data files from the digital measuring instrument to the Ministry Representative as and when requested. 96

97 8.5 Detailed records are required to be kept that reference load slips for paint, bead and any other product used in the work. These records will include the quantities and locations the loads were applied to. 8.6 All Quality Control records are to be retained by the Contractor, and made available to the Ministry Representative upon request.

B.C. MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE PAVEMENT MARKING SPECIFICATION 1 Longitudinal Pavement Markings 1. OBJECTIVE To facilitate the safe and efficient movement of traffic on Highways through the use of Longitudinal Pavement Markings to delineate, guide and inform travellers. 2. DETAILED PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS Longitudinal Pavement Markings The Contractor must: (a) repaint Longitudinal Pavement Markings to match those in the field, provided that the existing markings conform to the Manual of Standard Traffic Signs and Pavement Markings; (b) contact the Ministry Representative about any existing Longitudinal Pavement Markings that do not conform to the Manual of Standard Traffic Signs and Pavement Markings prior to proceeding with the repainting; (c) Layout, with no additional payment, and paint Longitudinal Pavement Markings in areas where the previous markings are not visible in accordance with the Manual of Standard Traffic Signs and Pavement Markings or as instructed by the Ministry Representative; (d) apply Longitudinal Pavement Markings at a wet thickness of not less than 16 mils; (e) ensure all Longitudinal Pavement Markings have well defined edges and are free of tire tracking, with no splatter, excessive overspray or other defects; (f) ensure lateral deviation from any existing Longitudinal Pavement Markings do not exceed 10 mm; (g) ensure Longitudinal Pavement Markings are straight, or of uniform curvature, and conform with the alignment; (h) ensure the following dimensional criteria are met: (i) Longitudinal Pavement Markings do not exceed a dimensional width of 110 mm for specified 100 mm wide line. No tolerance below 100 mm is allowed for the specified 100 mm line; (ii) Longitudinal Pavement Markings do not exceed a dimensional width of 210 mm for specified 200 mm wide line. No tolerance below 200 mm is allowed for the specified 200 mm line; (iii) the distances between the lines for double solid and simultaneous solid and Broken do not exceed a dimensional separation of 110 mm. No tolerance below 100mm is allowed; (iv) Longitudinal Pavement Marking lane lines do not exceed a maximum dimensional length deviation of ±100 mm for the specified length; and (v) no spaces between Broken Lines exceed a maximum dimensional length deviation of ± 100 mm from the specified length of space; 98

99 (i) apply glass beads immediately following the paint application. Glass beads are to be applied on all Longitudinal Pavement Markings at a uniform application rate; (j) conduct all durability testing as per ASTM D913-03 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Resistance to Wear of Traffic Paint, and: (i) the condition of Longitudinal Pavement Markings must meet the minimum of photographic reference standard of No. 8 (Film 97% Intact) Chipping ASTM Method D913-03 from time of application to October 15th of the calendar year in which the line was painted. Longitudinal Pavement Markings that do not meet this criteria must be repainted immediately upon detection or as directed by the Ministry Representative; and (ii) the condition of Longitudinal Pavement Markings must meet the minimum of photographic reference standard of No. 4 (Film 77% Intact) Chipping ASTM Method D913-03 on January 15th of the subsequent year to which the line was painted. (k) measure retro-reflectivity properties as per Section G of the Introduction to these Pavement Marking Specifications; (l) ensure: (i) retro-reflectivity properties of not less than 200 millicandela·m-2·lux-1 for white paint under dry conditions are achieved on all Longitudinal Pavement Markings for at least 30 days from the time of application; (ii) retro-reflectivity properties of not less than 150 millicandela·m-2·lux-1 for yellow paint under dry conditions are achieved on all Longitudinal Pavement Markings for at least 30 days from the time of application; (iii) retro-reflectivity properties of not less than 150 millicandela·m-2·lux-1 for white paint under dry conditions are achieved from time of application to October 15th of the calendar year in which the line was painted; and (iv) retroreflectivity properties of not less than 100 millicandela·m-2·lux-1 for yellow paint under dry conditions are achieved from time of application to October 15th of the calendar year in which the line was painted. 3. MATERIALS Refer to Section A of the Introduction to these Pavement Marking Specifications.

B.C. MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE PAVEMENT MARKING SPECIFICATION 2 Longitudinal Pavement Markings on New Projects 1. OBJECTIVE To facilitate the safe and efficient movement of traffic on Highways through the use of Longitudinal Pavement Markings to delineate, guide and inform travellers on New Projects. 2. DETAILED PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS Longitudinal Pavement Markings on New Projects The Contractor must: (a) Layout, with no additional payment, Longitudinal Pavement Markings on New Projects in accordance with the Manual of Standard Traffic Signs and Pavement Markings or as instructed by the Ministry Representative; and (b) paint Longitudinal Pavement Markings on New Projects as follows: (i) apply an initial application of Longitudinal Pavement Markings at a wet thickness of not less than 10 mils; (ii) apply a second application, with no additional payment, in accordance with the paint manufacturer’s suggested application interval; (iii) apply the second application at a wet thickness of not less than 15 mils regardless of product used; and (iv) the wet thickness of all Longitudinal Pavement Markings will be applied uniformly. (c) ensure all Longitudinal Pavement Markings have well defined edges and are free of tire tracking, with no splatter, excessive overspray or other defects; (d) ensure Longitudinal Pavement Markings are straight, or of uniform curvature, and conform with the alignment; (e) ensure the following dimensional criteria are met: (i) Longitudinal Pavement Markings do not exceed a dimensional width of 110 mm for specified 100 mm wide line. No tolerance below 100 mm is allowed for the specified 100 mm line; (ii) Longitudinal Pavement Markings do not exceed a dimensional width of 210 mm for specified 200 mm wide line. No tolerance below 200mm is allowed for the specified 200 mm line; 100

101 (iii) the distance between the lines for double solid and simultaneous solid and broken does not exceed a dimensional separation of 110 mm. No tolerance below 100 mm is allowed; (iv) Longitudinal Pavement Marking Broken Lines do not exceed a maximum dimensional length deviation of ±100mm for the specified length; and (v) no spaces between Broken Lines exceed a maximum dimensional length deviation of ± 100 mm from the specified length of space; (f) apply glass beads immediately following each paint application. Glass beads are to be applied on all Longitudinal Pavement Markings at a uniform application rate; (g) measure retro-reflectivity properties as per Section G of the Introduction to these Pavement Marking Specifications. (h) ensure; (i) retro-reflectivity properties of not less than 200 millicandela·m-2·lux-1 for white paint under dry conditions are achieved on all Longitudinal Pavement Markings for at least 30 days from the time of application; (ii) retro-reflectivity properties of not less than 150 millicandela·m-2·lux-1 for yellow paint under dry conditions are achieved on all Longitudinal Pavement Markings for at least 30 days from the time of application, and; (iii) retro-reflectivity properties of not less than 150 millicandela·m-2·lux-1 for white paint under dry conditions are achieved from time of application to October 15th of the calendar year in which the line was painted; and (iv) retro-reflectivity properties of not less than 100 millicandela·m-2·lux-1 for yellow paint under dry conditions are achieved from time of application to October 15th of the calendar year in which the line was painted. (i) conduct all durability testing as per ASTM D913-03 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Resistance to Wear of Traffic Paint and; (i) the condition of Longitudinal Pavement Markings must meet the minimum of photographic reference standard of No. 8 (Film 97% Intact) Chipping ASTM Method D913-03 from time of application to October 15th of the calendar year in which the line was painted. Longitudinal Pavement Markings that do not meet this criteria must be repainted immediately upon detection or as directed by the Ministry Representative; and (ii) the condition of Longitudinal Pavement Markings must meet the minimum of photographic reference standard of No. 4 (Film 77% Intact) Chipping ASTM Method D913-03 on January 15th of the subsequent year to which the line was painted. 3. MATERIALS Refer to Section A of the Introduction to these Pavement Marking Specifications.

APPENDIX D5 Agency: Delaware Department of Transportation Attached Example(s) of Warranty Specifications: Pavement Marking Specification Period Remarks Retroreflective Preformed Patterned Pavement Marking for Longitudinal Markings 1 year; 4 years after initial acceptance Specifications describe materials composition and characteristics, methods of placement, allowable weather conditions, and procedures for performance testing. Warranty provisions are in section titled “WARRANTY.” Contractor is responsible for meeting warranty requirements. Performance is evaluated 1 year after acceptance, then through an additional warranty period of 4 years for dry retroreflectivity (wet and rainy retroreflectivity is warranted for 2 years). Contractor’s team members involved in placing these markings must attend a preplacement meeting with DelDOT and the tape manufacturer’s representative. Contractor shall be certified by the manufacturer for installation and approved by DelDOT. Manufacturer’s representative shall be onsite for the start of the markings and provide technical assistance as needed. Contractor must post a warranty bond to insure the Department through the warranty period. The bond is in the sum of 100% of the original contract total cost for this item. Retroreflective Preformed Patterned Pavement Marking for Symbols and Legends 1 year; 2 years after acceptance All the above remarks apply, but the overall warranty period differs: 2 years for dry retroreflectivity, and 1 year for wet and rainy retroreflectivity. 102

103 DELAWARE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION SPECIFICATIONS: 748512—RETROREFLECTIVE PREFORMED PATTERNED MARKINGS, 6-inch width 748513—RETROREFLECTIVE PREFORMED PATTERNED MARKINGS, 12-inch width 748514—RETROREFLECTIVE PREFORMED PATTERNED MARKINGS, 8-inch width 748519—RETROREFLECTIVE PREFORMED PATTERNED MARKING, 4-inch width 748529—RETROREFLECTIVE PREFORMED PATTERNED MARKING, SYMBOL/LEGEND 748547—RETROREFLECTIVE PREFORMED PATTERNED CONTRAST MARKINGS, 9-inch width Description: This work shall consist of furnishing and installing retroreflective preformed patterned pavement marking in accordance with this provision and in conformance to the existing pavement markings or as established by the Engineer. The Contractor is required to have all subcontractors involved in the placement of these markings attend the preplacement meeting along with the tape manufacturer representative and Department representatives to coordinate this operation. The subcontractor for pavement markings shall be approved by the Department prior to the preconstruction meeting. Materials: General: The preformed patterned markings shall consist of white or yellow films with clear microcrystalline ceramic beads incorporated to provide immediate and continuing retroreflection. The markings shall be suitable for application on new or existing P.C. Concrete or bituminous pavements with a pre-coated pressure sensitive adhesive. The preformed marking material must be used prior to one year from date of manufacture. When not placed by inlaid method a surface preparation adhesive shall be used. The markings shall be capable of providing retroreflection during both wet and dry conditions. The markings shall be highly durable retroreflective pliant polymer materials designed for longitudinal and word/symbol markings subjected to high traffic volumes and severe wear conditions such as shear action from crossover or encroachment on typical longitudinal configurations such as edge lines and lane lines. This film shall be manufactured without the use of lead chromate pigments or other similar, lead- containing chemicals. Composition: The pavement marking shall consist of a mixture of high quality polymeric materials and pigments with glass beads distributed throughout the base cross-sectional area, with a reflective layer of microcrystalline ceramic beads bonded to a durable polyurethane topcoat surface. The patterned surface shall have approximately 50% plus or minus 15% of the surface area raised and presenting a near vertical face, angled from 0 degrees to 60 degrees, to traffic from any direction. The channels between the raised areas shall be substantially free of exposed beads or particles. The marking shall have a precoated pressure sensitive adhesive. The edges of the markings shall be clean cut and true.

Retroreflectance: The white and yellow markings shall have the initial expected retroreflectance values as shown in Table 1 under dry, wet, and rainy conditions. The photometric quantity to be measured shall be coefficient of retroreflected luminance (RL) and shall be expressed as millicandelas per square foot per foot-candle [(mcd· ft-2)· fc-1]. The metric equivalent shall be expressed as millicandelas per square meter per lux [(mcd· m-2)· lx-1]. Retroreflectance values shall be measured under dry conditions in accordance with the testing procedures of ASTM D4061. Retroreflectance values shall be measured under wet conditions in accordance with ASTM E2176 or ASTM E2177. Wet retroreflectance values measured under a “condition of continuous wetting” (simulated rain) shall be in accordance with ASTM E2176. Wet retroreflectance values measured under a “condition of wetness” shall be in accordance with ASTM E2177. Table 1 Expected Initial RL under dry, wet, and rainy conditions WHITE DRY WET & RAINY Entrance Angle 88.76° 88.76° Observation Angle 1.05° 1.05° Retroreflected Luminance RL [(mcd·m-2) · lx-1] 500 250 YELLOW DRY WET & RAINY Entrance Angle 88.76° 88.76° Observation Angle 1.05° 1.05° Retroreflected Luminance RL [(mcd·m-2) · lx-1] 300 250 Beads, Index of Refraction: All “dry-performing” microcrystalline ceramic beads bonded to the polyurethane-coated, patterned surface of the material shall have a minimum index of refraction of 1.70 when tested using the liquid oil immersion method. All “wet-performing” microcrystalline ceramic beads bonded to the polyurethane-coated, patterned surface of the material shall have a minimum index of refraction of 2.30 when tested using the liquid oil immersion method. The glass beads mixed into the pliant polymer shall have a minimum index of refraction of 1.5 when tested by the liquid oil immersion method. Beads, Acid Resistance: The beads shall show resistance to corrosion of their surface after exposure to a 1% solution (by weight) of sulfuric acid. The 1% acid solution shall be made by adding 5.7 cc of concentrated acid into 1000 cc of distilled water. Color: The markings shall consist of white and/or yellow films with pigments selected and blended to conform to standard highway colors. Skid Resistance: The patterned surface of the markings shall provide an initial average skid resistance value of 45 BPN when tested according to ASTM E 303. Patchability: The pavement marking material shall be capable of use for patching worn areas of the same type in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. 104

105 Thickness: The patterned material without adhesive shall have a minimum caliper of 0.065 inch (1.651 mm) at the thickest portion of the patterned cross section and a minimum caliper of 0.020 inch (0.508 mm) at the thinnest portion of the cross section. Tolerance: The Contractor will be responsible for applying these markings in a straight manner not exceeding 1/2O (12 mm) per 40N (12 m). Any markings exceeding the 1/2O (12 mm) tolerance will require the Contractor to make corrective action approved by the Engineer and the tape manufacturer representative at no extra cost to the Department. Construction Methods: The Contractor shall be certified, by the manufacturer, in the installation of the pavement marking material prior to the start of the markings. The Contractor shall install the pavement marking material in accordance with the manufacturer’s published recommendations. The manufacturer shall provide technical assistance as required to ensure successful installation of the markings. This shall include a representative on site for the start of the markings, training, product information, problem solving, etc. Installation of the pavement markings shall be performed in a neat and workmanlike manner. The Contractor shall premark the pavement to ensure correct location of markings and such layout work shall be incidental to the price bid for the pavement marking items. The method for premarking should be as recommended by the manufacturer. A thin layer of paint as a premarking is not recommended. Particular care shall be taken to ensure that the leading edges of the markings are secured to the pavement. General application rules: The Air and surface temperature shall be a minimum of 40° F. The pavement must be clean and dry. 24 hours of dry weather where no rain is expected. When not placed by inlaid method a surface preparation adhesive shall be used. Do not overlap tape—use butt splice. Do not apply tape on longitudinal seams or joints or cracks. Do not apply tape on deteriorating pavement surfaces. Existing markings must be 80% removed. After application, the markings shall be immediately ready for use by traffic. Inlay into Fresh Bituminous Concrete: When markings are specified in the contract for newly paved asphalt concrete surfaces, they shall be applied before public traffic is allowed on the freshly paved surface - the pavement markings shall be

inlaid in the fresh surface during final rolling of the mat, in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations unless otherwise directed by Engineer. The Contractor shall show how the pavement mats will be placed to avoid applying the tape on longitudinal seams or joints or cracks and maintain correct marking location. The Contractor shall employ a sufficient number of workers to premark the pavement and install the markings such that all markings are inlaid into the hot pavement prior to the finish rolling. No paving shall be permitted unless the striping crew and materials are on the project site. General procedure for inlay application on fresh asphalt surfaces: Tape is applied after the compaction roller and before the finish roller using minimum water, slow speed and no vibration. Tape shall be applied using equipment recommended by manufacturer. Tamping shall be done by the finish roller and in the same direction the tape was applied. A separate roller of a size approved by the tape manufacturer may be required to meet the manufacturer’s requirements. Roller shall use minimum speed to prevent wrinkling the tape. Asphalt temperatures shall be between 180°F (66°C) and 120°F (49°C) when tape is applied. NOTE: Even though the tape will stand these high temperatures the contractor is to use caution to assure the asphalt is firm enough to walk on above 140°F (60°C). Placement on new P.C. Concrete Pavement: When markings are specified in the contract for new P.C. concrete pavement surfaces they shall be applied after the concrete has adequately cured as determined by the Engineer and prior to opening to traffic. 1. When a membrane curing compound has been applied to the concrete surface, it shall be removed by sandblasting prior to applying the markings. Cost for such sandblasting shall be incidental to the price bid for the pavement marking item. The road shall be cleaned by sweeping and with high pressure air. 2. The manufacturer shall specify a primer/solvent for the pavement surface. 3. The tape shall be applied with an approved applicator. 4. The tape shall be tamped with a roller tamper cart with a minimum 200 lb (90 kg) load or by slowly (2–3 mph [3–5 km/hr]) driving over the tape with a vehicle tire. Do not twist or turn on the tape. A minimum of three passes back and forth over the tape will be required. All edges of the tape shall be thoroughly tamped. 106

107 Placement on Existing Pavement: When markings are specified in the contract for existing pavement, the pavement surface shall be free of any existing markings. 1. The road shall be cleaned by sweeping and with high pressure air. Steps 2 through 4 are the same as for new P.C. concrete pavement. Method of Measurement: This work will be measured for payment by the number of linear feet (meters) of line or square foot (meter) of symbol/legend of Retroreflective Preformed Patterned Markings installed on the pavement and accepted in accordance with the plans. Basis of Payment: This work will be paid for at the contract unit price bid per linear foot (meter) of line or square meter of symbol/legend as measured for item “Retroreflective Preformed Patterned Markings” of the type specified. This price shall include cleaning and preparing the pavement surface, furnishing and placing all materials, for all labor, tools, equipment and incidentals necessary to complete the work. WARRANTY The Contractor shall warrant to the Department that the installed retroreflective preformed patterned pavement markings are free of defects, as hereafter defined, for one calendar year beginning at the initial acceptance of the marking installation by the Department. The initial acceptance of the marking installation will occur upon the satisfactory correction of all deficiencies noted in the marking installation during the Final Inspection of the project. The markings shall show no fading, lifting, shrinking, tearing, rollback, distortion or chipping due to vehicular traffic or normal maintenance activities including snow plowing. Although some wear is expected, the markings shall remain intact and serviceable (as defined below) for no less than 95% of the total item quantities in the first year of installation. In addition, the pavement markings shall be warranted to retain a minimum reflective value of 150 millicandelas per square foot (meter) per lux for the first year after initial acceptance. Reflectance Measurements Procedures during One (1) Year: 1. Within the project limits, reflectance measurements shall be taken at specified checkpoint areas as outlined below: Reflectance measurements shall be taken on one skip in every 100 feet (30 linear meters). Two measurements must be taken on each skip that is tested, one measurement at each end of skip (within 6 inches (150 mm) of the end). For continuous lines, reflectance measurements shall be taken at approximate 100 foot (30 meter) intervals throughout the project limits.

The Department reserves the right to test additional areas. Each measurement shall meet the minimum reflective value of 150 millicandelas per square foot (meter) per lux or the material shall be replaced. 2. All reflectance measurements shall be made on a clean, dry surface at a minimum temperature of 40°F (4°C). 3. All reflectance measurements shall be made using a “LTL 2000” retroreflectometer. 4. One year from initial installation acceptance all pavement marking material shall meet the minimum retained coefficient of dry retroreflection value of 125 millicandelas per foot squared per foot- candle (in accordance with ASTM E1710), and meet the minimum retained coefficient of wet retroreflection value of 75 millicandelas per foot squared per foot-candle (in accordance with ASTM E2177) for the following Warranty Periods. Warranty Periods APPLICATION Dry Retroreflectivity Warranty Period Wet Retroreflectivity Warranty Period Longitudinal Markings 4 years 2 years Symbols and Legends 2 years 1 year After initial installation, the Contractor shall submit to the Department a Warranty Bond to insure the State of Delaware during the above Warranty periods. The bond shall be in the sum of 100%% of the original contract total cost bid for this item. The bond secures performance by the Contractor of any corrective work identified by the Department during the first (or subsequent) inspections after initial acceptance of the work. The bond shall be in effect for the entire warranty period (including the time to perform corrective work) listed in the table above. The Engineer will withhold in reserve an amount equal to 50% of the total Contract amount bid for this item until the Warranty Bond has been received. The Contractor shall repair all defective areas identified by the Department after initial installation or during the Warranty Period. All repairs shall begin immediately following the notice to the Contractor unless weather limitations prevent the corrective work. Should the contractor not commence work within seventy-two hours, weather permitting, and pending severity, the Department reserves the right to remedy the condition and charge the contractor for the work. The contractor will be given the option of reimbursing the state prior to charging this work toward the bond. Any corrective work shall be as recommended by the manufacturer of the marking material and approved by the Department. The Department shall be given notification before the Contractor begins corrective work to allow for inspection of the operation. All costs associated with the repair work shall be the responsible of the contractor. These costs shall include, but are not limited to, removal, material, maintenance of traffic, etc. 12/27/06 108

109 APPENDIX D6 Agency: Idaho Transportation Department Attached Example(s) of Warranty Specifications: Pavement Marking Warranty Period Remarks Recessed durable pavement markings with a 2-year warranty 2 years after initial acceptance This is a true performance specification in that the overall requirement for durable markings does not specify any particular material. Materials that have been submitted under this specification include polyurea, epoxy, and hi-build waterborne paint. The specifications cover the following longitudinal lines including curves and tapers, edge lines, skip lines, centerlines, interchange gore lines, intersection channeling, and bicycle lane lines. The warranted performance is backed by the contractor, who must provide a warranty bond equal to total contract value prior to applying the pavement markings. This bond shall be maintained for the life of the contract. Warranty provisions are found in several parts of the “Construction Requirements” section: (1) the subsection titled “Warranted Retroreflective Performance and Monitoring Values,” which includes quantitative performance values in Table 1; (2) the subsection titled “Warranted Durability Performance and Monitoring”; and (3) the subsection titled “Contractor’s Warranty,” followed by the subsection “Warranty Bond.” Lane rental fees are assessed during the warranty performance period (but not for initial installation). The specifications include several quality-based mechanisms such as third-party inspection throughout the installation and performance periods, requirements for manufacturer’s onsite representation and certification of the installing party, contractor submittal of a Pavement Marking Services Work Plan and other plans, a Pre-Operational meeting and annual meetings during the performance period, and contractor provision of test grinding strips and line stripes prior to actual application. Payment is staged annually over the 2-year performance period.

Pavement Marking Warranty Period Remarks Recessed durable pavement markings with a 4-year warranty 4 years after initial acceptance The above remarks apply in principle here as well, except that the warranty performance period is 4 years rather than 2 years. Materials that have been submitted under this specification include inlaid high-performance tape and methyl methacrylate (MMA). IDAHO TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT SPECIAL PROVISIONS: 2-YEAR WARRANTY S910-05A MONITORING AND REPORTING S911-05A RECESSED PAVEMENT MARKINGS Description. This work shall consist of the application of durable pavement markings on the roadway in accordance with these specifications and as shown on the plans or as directed. The work to be done under this contract consists of the following activities and locations: 1. Install all recessed pavement markings in the locations indicated in the plans. Recessed pavement markings shall replace the existing pavement markings unless otherwise directed. The following pavement marking lines shall be replaced with recessed durable pavement markings: 4” white edge lines 4” white and yellow skip lines 4” yellow centerlines 8” interchange gore, intersection channelizing, and bicycle lane lines All of the above lines that are part of curves and tapers 2. Performance of additional and incidental work as called for by the specifications, including but not limited to brooming and layout work needed where existing pavement markings are not visible. 3. Prepare a Pavement Marking Services Work Plan that consists of proposed materials and methods of work and a schedule for work completion. The Work Plan shall also include provisions for traffic control and emergency responses and demonstrate how the Contractor shall comply with the construction requirements set forth in this specification. 4. Prior to acceptance of the installations, the initial retroreflectivity of the installed durable pavement markings shall be tested for compliance by a third party Independent Monitoring Contractor who is independent from both the Contractor and the durable pavement marking material Manufacturer. This Independent Monitoring Contractor shall monitor the retroreflectivity and report on the performance of all the installed durable pavement markings annually for the duration of the 2-year warranty. [0]The Independent Monitoring Contractor shall also inspect and report on all locations identified by the 110

111 Engineer as losing presence on the roadway. These reports will determine locations where the durable pavement markings will be replaced. Materials. This specification is for performance based durable pavement markings. No material will be specified. The Contractor shall be responsible for ordering, delivering, storing, handling, transferring, placing, and disposing of all materials used on this project. The State will not be responsible for any costs of sampling, testing, or certifying any materials used by the Contractor, Manufacturer, or supplier to fulfill contract requirements. The Contractor shall provide and install Manufacturer certified products for durable pavement markings according to the Manufacturer’s current guidelines and specifications. The materials shall be consistent with the Manufacturer’s requirements and provide a pavement marking that will meet or exceed the warranty section of these specifications. Color Stability—The Yellow color shall approximately match Federal 595 Color 33538. The products shall be lead and chromate free. The yellow product shall maintain its color for the duration of the warranty. Yellow product that shows a loss of color or appears white when viewed during the day or night shall be unacceptable. The White color shall approximately match Federal 595 Color 37875. The products shall be lead and chromate free. The white product shall maintain its color for the duration of the warranty. Construction Requirements. Install the markings according to the Manufacturer’s recommendations and instructions. The Manufacturer shall provide a Representative during construction. The Manufacturer’s Representative shall observe the application of durable pavement marking materials. The Contractor shall require the Manufacturer’s Representative to immediately alert the Contractor of anything that could affect the performance of the product to meet the terms of the Warranty. The Contractor shall cooperate with the Manufacturer’s Representative and the Engineer to ensure that the materials are placed in accordance with the Manufacturer’s recommended procedures. Project and Data Management—The Contractor shall provide effective and continuous communication between all vehicles in the operation and with the Engineer. The Contractor shall be responsible for project management throughout the term of the project. This effort shall be considered incidental to the overall S911-05A Recessed Pavement Markings bid. The Contractor shall report the progress of installation work daily to the Engineer. Third party Independent Monitoring and reporting of performance data shall be reported on the initial installation. Performance data shall include location of work, including milepost, the pavement marking lines monitored, initial retroreflectivity values, initial durability values, and any segments that have been replaced as a result of the initial installation monitoring and testing. The Contractor shall schedule an annual meeting at the beginning of each calendar year to discuss warranty compliance and evaluation data with the State. At the meeting, the Contractor shall indicate the third party Independent Monitoring inspection schedule. The third party Independent Monitoring and reporting of performance data shall be reported on each calendar year during the contract. Performance data shall include location of work, including milepost, the pavement marking lines monitored, initial and annual retroreflectivity values, initial and annual durability values, and any segments that have been replaced as a result of the annual monitoring and testing. At the meeting, the Contractor shall also present any plan for correction of deficient markings.

Submittals and Pre-Operational Meeting—A minimum of two weeks prior to the Pre-Operational Meeting, the Contractor shall submit all certification and product information for review and approval. The items to be submitted are as follows: The Pavement Marking Services Work Plan. Certification from the material Manufacturer that the Contractor and their equipment are certified to perform the applicable work. Pavement marking material samples shall be taken at the Manufacturer’s facility by an approved, independent third party inspector. Samples shall be sent to the Idaho Transportation Department, Materials Laboratory, Chemistry Section, 3293 Jordan Street, Boise, Idaho, 83702. For all samples taken, the approved inspector shall include the following information: inspectors name, name of company, address, phone and fax numbers, project number, project key number, date and time sampled, batch or lot numbers, quantities, the name of the Manufacturer, and product name. A color chip or tape sample, depending on the material used, for each color shall be submitted for approval prior to use. These material samples are for reference only and not for testing or approval. An acceptable method of identifying each component of the inspected material from the Manufacturer. All durable pavement marking material documentation, certifications, specifications, application instructions, and samples. A spill recovery plan, which shall include at a minimum the following items: o Name, address, and phone number for the person designated as the Contractor’s response coordinator and contact with the DEQ. o Name, address, and phone number of persons qualified, capable and on-call to do any cleanup. A warranty signed by the Contractor. Proof of a warranty bond from the Contractor equal to the total contract value. Five working days prior to starting work, the Contractor shall meet with the Engineer for the Pre- Operational Meeting. At this meeting, they will discuss and provide the following: A pavement marking schedule showing work areas, timing of work, and placing of materials. A traffic control plan for review and acceptance. Discuss placement of materials and potential problems. Discuss the work plan at intersections. Discuss material handling procedures and procurement. 112

113 Recessed Markings—Placement of the recessed pavement markings shall not proceed without approval of the grinding. The Contractor shall grind the slot to the correct depth, width, and length as specified by the durable pavement marking material Manufacturer’s specifications and recommendations and in proper alignment. All grinding must be given final approval prior to the placement of any marking material. A diamond grinder shall be used to grind a smooth square slot to the depth tolerance specified by the material Manufacturer, to the width of the pavement marking line ±5%, and to the correct skip cycle length ±2 inches. Measurements for the depth and width of the slot and the marking material shall be taken at the centerline of the slot. The diamond grinder shall have an articulating head so that the slots are installed parallel to the roadway surface on grades and super elevated sections. The ability of the diamond grinder to correctly install slots on grades and super elevated sections shall be demonstrated and approved. Shrouds and a vacuum apparatus shall be included as part of the grinder to pick up the pieces of pavement that are ground out. Slots that are ground deeper or wider than the specified allowable limits shall be repaired according to the Manufacturers’ approved repair procedure at no additional cost to the State. Slots that are ground too shallow or narrow shall be reground to the specification limits at no additional cost to the State. Slots that are ground out of alignment, too deep, or too wide shall be cut out and patched using an approved method and approved materials. Equipment—All equipment used shall be approved by the pavement marking material Manufacturer and made specifically for the purpose of applying the durable material to a uniform width and thickness on the roadway surface. All equipment used to place double pavement markings shall be designed to place two parallel pavement markings in one pass. Each grinding operator and each piece of grinding equipment must obtain approval before use. Each operator shall complete ¼ mile of grinding and shall receive approval prior to beginning the grinding operation. Each new operator or piece of equipment must obtain approval. Prior to starting the grinding process, the Contractor shall place a ¼ mile test grinding in each District to demonstrate the pavement marking application processes. The Contractor shall not grind additional recessed slots on the project without receiving approval of the test performance. The test grinding shall be repeated until it has been demonstrated that the Contractor has suitable controls to grind the recessed slots accurately and properly. Any delay due to this test requirement will be at the Contractor’s expense. Pavement Surface—The Contractor shall prepare the pavement surface as the Manufacturer recommends. Test Stripe—Prior to starting pavement marking installation, the Contractor shall place a 500 foot test stripe to demonstrate the pavement marking application processes. The Contractor shall not place additional permanent materials without receiving approval of the test performance. The test stripe shall be repeated until it has been demonstrated that the Contractor has suitable controls to place the materials accurately and properly. Any delay due to this test requirement will be at the Contractor’s expense. Application—The pavement markings shall be uniform and free from waving. Pavement markings shall not deviate laterally from the intended alignment by more than 2 in. per 100 feet. Skip pavement markings lengths shall be within ±2-inch tolerance for length and their placement shall be in accordance with Standard Drawing I-21-A except as noted below, or approved. If the existing skip markings have been placed so that they are longer than required or the gaps are less than required, the Contractor shall gradually adjust the spacing of the recessed pavement markings to match the existing markings, or as

directed. A maximum difference of 1.5 feet between the end of the new and the end of the existing skip markings may be allowed on an individual skip line to account for making this adjustment, as approved. All ends shall be square and clean. Dribbling of material beyond the cutoff will require immediate cleanup. Work shall be stopped until corrective measures can be taken if the pavement markings are not applied satisfactorily. The pavement marking widths shall be within a tolerance of ±5%. If multiple passes of equipment are required to place the durable material to the correct depth, they shall result in the material being placed directly over the top of previous passes. The overlap shall result in a uniform thickness and width of the pavement marking and within the width tolerance of ±5%. The Contractor shall protect the pavement markings to prevent tracking and to maintain the retroreflectivity of the markings. The new pavement marking material must be installed before the highway work zone is opened to traffic. Alignment—Place markings on the roadways in proper alignment with existing markings and within the recessed slots. All marking ends shall be square and clean. Pavement Marking Measurements and Records—The Contractor shall take Quality Control retroreflectivity readings representing the pavement markings installed each day during installation. Readings shall be taken at intervals not exceeding 1,000 feet of line distance per each pavement marking installed. The Contractor shall provide written documentation showing the section of highway the test area will represent, exact sample location, including mileposts, type of line, location on the roadway of the line tested, and the average retroreflectivity readings. For Quality control retroreflectivity readings, the Contractor shall use a retroreflectometer having 30 meter geometry to determine the retroreflectivity of the pavement markings. Retroreflectivity measurements shall be taken according to ASTM E 1710 following the Manufacturers instructions for calibration and operation of the retroreflectometer. Pavement markings shall be evaluated according to the requirements of ASTM D 6359 Standard Specification for Minimum Retroreflectance of Newly Applied Markings. The Contractor shall record the following readings, and the locations where they were taken, for daily Quality Control evaluation: Record the depth of the ground slot and the marking material every 500 feet during the grinding and marking application operation. Measure the retroreflectivity of each pavement marking placed using a 30 meter geometry retroreflectometer that is compliant to ASTM E 1710 at intervals not exceeding 1,000 feet of line distance. Perform testing daily using handheld units to measure retroreflectivity of installed pavement markings. Make results available immediately after they have been recorded. The Engineer reserves the right to use State handheld units to take independent Quality Assurance measurements of retroreflectivity. Prior to acceptance of the project, the initial retroreflectivity for each line type shall be tested for compliance by a third party Independent Monitoring Contractor. The initial acceptance monitoring and annual monitoring shall be performed by a third party Independent Monitoring Contractor who is 114

115 independent from the Contractor and the Manufacturer. This Independent Monitoring Contractor shall notify the Engineer before performing monitoring. The findings of the durability and retroreflectivity monitoring shall be recorded and shared with the Engineer and Contractor within five business days of the readings be taken. Warranted Retroreflective Performance and Monitoring Values—Table 1 provides the minimum warranted retroreflective performance values effective for the life of this Contract. The retained retroreflectivity of all pavement markings shall meet the minimum requirements in Table 1. They shall be maintained through the term of this contract and shall be considered the minimum level allowed for compliance and payment. Table 1. Lane Line Retroreflectivity Performance Values Retroreflectivity (30 m geometry) mcd/m2/lux White Yellow Initial 250 175 End of 1st Year or Installation 150 125 End of 2nd Year of Installation 150 125 The Independent Monitoring Contractor shall use a mobile highway retroreflectometer system to measure all installed markings for initial acceptance and annual retroreflectivity measurements. The van shall be the Laserlux CEN 30 with the appropriate software from Gamma Scientific or approved equal. All Independent Monitoring Contractor performed monitoring will be the average of 10 readings per line. Each reading will be the average of a 100 foot interval. The readings will be taken evenly spaced on a running 1,000 foot section. Failing averages will require replacement in kind of the entire 1,000 foot section. Initial and annual measurement of the durable pavement markings will be conducted by the Independent Monitoring Contractor. If areas of pavement markings are found to be deficient during these annual inspections, the Contractor shall replace the deficient sections. The replaced pavement markings shall meet the performance requirements for the initial evaluation and shall also meet subsequent year evaluation criteria. Failure to meet any subsequent year performance criteria shall result in deficient markings and shall require another replacement to bring pavement markings into compliance. Warranted Durability Performance and Monitoring—The Independent Monitoring Contractor shall monitor the durable pavement marking material for material retention on the pavement annually. This will be a staged inspection with the Engineer designating locations to inspect for material presence remaining on the pavement. Results from the retroreflectivity monitoring may also be used to identify locations that may be losing material. Once these locations are identified, the Independent Monitoring Contractor shall evaluate each identified location to determine the amount of material remaining on the roadway for each line per standards found in the National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) Project Work Plan for the Field and Laboratory Evaluation of Pavement Marking Materials.

Durability will be rated as a percent of marking material remaining on the pavement based on testing by the Independent Monitoring Contractor. The Independent Monitoring Contractor shall assign a percentage of marking material remaining (non-exposed substrate) on the 1,000-foot segment. Ten (10) percent of this number will be the rating assigned. Thus, a marking with no wear would receive a rating of 10. Three trained evaluators will rate separately and their ratings averaged for a final score. For each marking line, in each 1,000 foot section, the durability will be rated at 100 ft intervals. The average of the ratings per line will be used to rate that 1,000 foot section line. Lines with averages less than 8 will be failing averages and will require replacement of the entire 1,000 foot section under the warranty terms. Unacceptable Materials and Work—All work that does not conform to the requirements of these specifications will be considered unacceptable. Non-specification materials, tracking marks, spilled material, materials not within allowable placement tolerances, rain damaged, unauthorized work, or markings applied in non-specified areas shall be considered as unacceptable work. Unacceptable work placed during installation shall be remedied immediately if it causes a safety problem; otherwise, it shall be remedied prior to initial acceptance. Removal of this unacceptable work shall be accomplished by blasting, grinding, or removing the pavement and replacing it back to grade. Blacking out is not an acceptable method of removal. Removal of unacceptable work, collection of removed material, disposal, and remarking the effected area shall be at the Contractor’s expense and the Contractor must receive approval before leaving the area. The Contractor shall take immediate corrective action to correct pavement markings that do not meet the initial minimum retroreflectivity values found in Table 1 after daily Quality Control testing. The Contractor shall make the necessary adjustments to bring the pavement markings into conformance for retroreflectivity. The Contractor shall submit to and pass verification testing by the State on the pavement markings in the unacceptable area. The Contractor shall then apply a compliant pavement marking to the previously unacceptable section at no additional cost to the State. Work and materials that conform to these Specifications shall replace any unacceptable work. Durable permanent pavement markings applied by any method will be unacceptable if: The thickness of the pavement marking is inconsistent or less than specified. The top of the pavement marking is not smooth and uniform. Any pavement markings are damaged prior to curing. Retroreflectivity is too low. The material is uncured. The substrate is visible in the striped areas. The recessed slot is ground too deep or not ground deep enough. The recessed slot is ground too wide or not ground wide enough. The recessed slot is not filled to the specified depth. 116

117 Successive spray passes are not aligned over the previous pass. The material blackens or is inconsistent in color. The marking exhibits poor adhesion. The color does not match the approved color chips. The top of the pavement marking is cupped. Removal or Repair of Unacceptable Work—Areas that are unacceptable or fail to meet the specification requirements shall be corrected by the Contractor at no additional cost to the State. Repairs shall not be performed in a “patch-work” manner, meaning repairs shall not be any less than 1,000 feet of one line of material. If one repair is required in a single 1,000 foot section, the entire section shall be removed and replaced. The removed material becomes the property of the Contractor. If traffic control is required for removal of unacceptable material, the Contractor shall provide it at no additional cost to the State. All materials that fail initial or annual durability and/or retroreflectivity requirements will be completely removed and replaced in kind at no additional expense to the State. The recessed slots will be cleared of all material and reviewed to ensure they are still within specified tolerances for depth and width. Slots not meeting the depth and width requirements shall be filled in or ground out to meet the specified tolerances. Lane Rental Fees—Lane rental fees shall be assessed to the Contractor whenever traffic is impeded by work at each specific location during the duration of the contract period. There will be no assessment of the lane rental fees for the initial installation during the specified working hours and prior to the start of the performance period. The Engineer may determine that the fee will not be charged for lane closures for additional work not covered in the scope of the project or for any work stoppage or extenuating circumstances. Work zones shall not exceed three miles in length in any one direction with a minimum of three miles between zones. The Contractor shall provide all necessary traffic control devices to provide adequate guidance and safety to the public at no additional cost to the State. All work will be performed at night between the hours of 10:00 PM and 6:00 AM, unless otherwise approved. All traffic control shall be approved before replacement work begins. The lane rental fee for all lane closures shall be $750 per hour per mile of lane closed during night work hours. If the lane closure starts prior to 10:00 PM or extends beyond 6:00 AM the lane rental fee shall be $2,000 per hour per mile or portion thereof of lane closed. The assessed lane rental charge will be deducted from the annual payment due the Contractor after markings are brought into compliance with the performance requirements of the contract. The lane rental charges will be assessed when lane closures are in place rounded up to the next full hour, whether or not work is in progress. The lane rental assessment rate applies to traffic restrictions in one travel direction. If the Contractor chooses to restrict traffic in both directions at the same time, lane rental assessments will be applied for each direction. The Contractor shall be prohibited from closing two lanes in the same direction on multiple lane roads during any portion of the peak traffic period and shall maintain at least one lane of

traffic in each direction during all operations. The Contractor shall maintain at least one lane for traffic and flagger control when performing work on two-lane, two-way roads. Work accomplished under moving operation lane closures shall be charged the same lane rental assessment rate. Contractor’s Warranty—The Contractor shall furnish a signed Warranty consisting of the following: A Warranty that all markings will stay in place and will maintain the minimum retroreflectivity found in Table 1. Lane Line Retroreflectivity Performance Values, through the 2-year Warranty period which will start on the date the work is accepted and initial payment is authorized. Annual monitoring of the durable pavement markings retroreflectivity and durability shall be conducted by a third party Independent Monitoring Contractor to determine if the durable pavement markings are performing within the requirements of this specification. The Independent Monitoring Contractor shall notify the Engineer before performing monitoring. An annual report, including a CD of the data, will be prepared and submitted summarizing the results of the monitoring and the corrective action required of the Contractor. The annual payments will be made once the annual durability and retroreflectivity inspection of the durable pavement markings has been completed, the annual report received, and all unacceptable markings have been replaced and accepted. The Warranty will state that the Contractor is required to replace all markings that fail bonding or drop below the required minimum retroreflectivity during the Warranty period. Corrective action shall be made within 30 days of written notice. When the Engineer makes a written request to the Contractor for repair or replacement, the Warranty period will suspend until the requested repairs or replacements are made and accepted. For the purpose of the Warranty, the average of the retroreflectivity readings of the pavement marking along a 1,000-foot segment not meeting the minimum retroreflective values will be considered a retroreflectivity failure. The monitoring will be the average of 10 readings per line. Each reading will be the average of a 100 foot interval. The readings will be taken evenly spaced on a running 1,000 foot section. Failing averages will require replacement in kind of the entire 1,000 foot section. The Contractor shall replace the entire 1,000-foot segment of pavement marking under the warranty terms. For the purpose of the Warranty, less than 80% of the material remaining along a 1,000-foot segment of markings will be considered a durability failure. Durability will be rated as a percent of marking material remaining on the pavement based on testing by the Independent Monitoring Contractor. This will be a staged inspection with the Engineer designating locations to be inspected. Results from the retroreflectivity monitoring may also be used to identify locations that may be losing material. Once these locations are identified the Independent Monitoring Contractor shall evaluate each identified location to determine the amount of material remaining on the roadway for each line per standards found in the National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) Project Work Plan for the Field and Laboratory Evaluation of Pavement Marking Materials. The Independent Monitoring Contractor shall assign a percentage 118

119 of marking material remaining (non-exposed substrate) on the 1,000-foot segment. Ten (10)% of this number will be the rating assigned. Thus, a marking with no wear would receive a rating of 10. Three trained evaluators will rate separately and their ratings averaged for a final score. For each marking line, in each 1,000 foot section, the durability will be rated at 100 ft intervals. The average of the ratings per line will be used to rate that 1,000 foot section line. Lines with averages less than 8 will be failing averages and will require replacement in kind of the entire 1,000 foot section. The marking along the entire 1,000-foot segment will be replaced under the warranty terms. All materials that fail initial or annual durability and/or retroreflectivity requirements shall be completely removed and replaced in kind at no additional expense to the State. The slots shall be cleared of all material and inspected to ensure they remain within specified tolerances for depth and width. Slots not meeting the depth or width requirements shall be filled or ground out to meet the specified tolerances. The new pavement marking material shall be identical to the original material and shall be placed in a manner similar to the original installation The Warranty shall include that the Contractor shall provide traffic control at Contractor’s expense to replace all failing segments. Perform Warranty work when weather permits after coordinating an accepted schedule with the State. At the discretion of the Engineer, until the Warranty work is complete, temporary pavement markings and traffic control shall be required at the Contractor’s expense. The following practices will not be accepted as meeting the requirements of the warranty: Placing new, identical material on top of the original failed material. Placing paint or other material that is not identical to the original material over the top of the original failed material. Covering the original material with paint or another substance and placing new material, identical or not, over blacked out areas. Warranty Bond—The Contractor shall be required to supply to the State a warranty bond equal to the total contract value. The entire value of the warranty bond shall be maintained for the life of the contract. The Contractor shall submit proof of bond before placing the material. Method of Measurement. The Recessed Pavement Markings will be measured by the foot of actual pavement markings placed, exclusive of the gaps between skip stripes. The standard application width is considered to be 4 inches. If wider pavement markings are placed, the length of those pavement markings will be adjusted by converting them to an equivalent length of a 4 inch line on a proportionate area basis. The Monitoring and Reporting will be measured by the line mile of actual pavement markings monitored. Basis of Payment. Payment for Monitoring and Reporting will be made annually as the monitoring work for each evaluation period is completed and the report is approved by the State. Payment for Recessed Pavement Markings accepted work will be made as a percentage of the bid amount as follows:

Initial (%) End of 1 st Year (%) End of 2nd Year (%) 60 5 35 Initial payment shall be issued after all of the permanent markings included in the pay for performance project have been accepted. The date of this payment shall be the start of the two year performance period. Each annual payment will be made once the annual durability and retroreflectivity inspection of the permanent pavement markings has been completed, the annual report has been received, and all unacceptable markings have been replaced and accepted. Payment for accepted work will be made as follows: Pay Item Pay Unit S910-05A Monitoring and Reporting MILE S911-05A Recessed Pavement Markings FT Payment for Monitoring and Reporting will be for furnishing all materials, equipment, labor, and incidentals necessary to complete the work specified, and include annual payment to the Contractor for the following: Testing initial and annual retroreflectivity compliance Identifying locations that do not meet warranty specifications Recording, tabulating, and reporting monitoring and testing to the Engineer and the Contractor Payment for Recessed Pavement Markings will be for furnishing all materials, equipment, labor, and incidentals, including brooming and material disposal, necessary to complete the work specified, and include payment for the following: Laying out the alignment Checking dimensional tolerance Removing existing pavement markings and other waste materials Furnishing a pavement marking schedule Placing test strips Placing layout guidelines Installing recessed pavement markings Removing and disposing of unacceptable materials 120

121 Furnishing the Warranty Furnishing the Warranty bond IDAHO TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT SPECIAL PROVISIONS: 4-YEAR WARRANTY S910-05A MONITORING AND REPORTING S911-05A RECESSED PAVEMENT MARKINGS Description. This work shall consist of the application of durable pavement markings on the roadway in accordance with these specifications and as shown on the plans or as directed. The work to be done under this contract consists of the following activities and locations: 1. Install all recessed pavement markings in the locations indicated in the plans. Recessed pavement markings shall replace the existing pavement markings unless otherwise directed. The following pavement marking lines shall be replaced with recessed durable pavement markings: 4” white edge lines 4” white and yellow skip lines 4” yellow centerlines 8” interchange gore, intersection channelizing, and bicycle lane lines All of the above lines that are part of curves and tapers 2. Performance of additional and incidental work as called for by the specifications, including but not limited to brooming and layout work needed where existing pavement markings are not visible. 3. Prepare a Pavement Marking Services Work Plan that consists of proposed materials and methods of work and a detailed schedule for work completion. The Work Plan shall include a complete initial inventory of all assets to be used in performing the work, a detailed reporting system, and work plans. All work performed shall be documented in a monthly report. The Work Plan shall also include provisions for traffic control and emergency responses and demonstrate how the Contractor shall comply with the construction requirements set forth in this specification. 4. Prior to acceptance of the installations, the initial retroreflectivity of the installed durable pavement markings shall be tested for compliance by a third party Independent Monitoring Contractor who is independent from both the Contractor and the durable pavement marking material Manufacturer. This Independent Monitoring Contractor shall monitor the retroreflectivity and report on the performance of all the installed durable pavement markings annually for the duration of the 4-year warranty. [0]The Independent Monitoring Contractor shall inspect and report on all locations identified by the Engineer as losing presence on the roadway. These reports will determine locations where the durable pavement markings will be replaced.

Materials. This specification is for performance based durable pavement markings. No material will be specified. The Contractor shall be responsible for ordering, delivering, storing, handling, transferring, placing, and disposing of all materials used on this project. The State will not be responsible for any costs of sampling, testing, or certifying any materials used by the Contractor, Manufacturer, or supplier to fulfill contract requirements. The Contractor shall provide and install Manufacturer certified products for pavement marking according to the Manufacturer’s current guidelines and specifications. The materials shall be consistent with the Manufacturer’s requirements and provide a pavement marking that will meet or exceed the warranty section of these specifications. Color Stability—The Yellow color shall approximately match Federal 595 Color 33538. The products shall be lead and chromate free. The yellow product shall maintain its color for the duration of the warranty. Yellow product that shows a loss of color or appears white when viewed during the day or night shall be unacceptable. The White color shall approximately match Federal 595 Color 37875. The products shall be lead and chromate free. The white product shall maintain its color for the duration of the warranty. Construction Requirements. Install the markings according to the Manufacturer’s recommendations and instructions. The Manufacturer shall provide a Representative during construction. The Manufacturer’s Representative shall observe the application of durable permanent pavement marking materials. The Contractor shall require the Manufacturer’s Representative to immediately alert the Contractor of anything that could affect the performance of the product to meet the terms of the Warranty. The Contractor shall cooperate with the Manufacturer’s Representative and the Engineer to ensure that the materials are placed in accordance with the Manufacturer’s recommended procedures. Project and Data Management—The Contractor shall provide effective and continuous communication between all vehicles in the operation and with the Engineer. The Contractor shall be responsible for project management throughout the term of the project. This effort shall be considered incidental to the overall S911-05A Recessed Pavement Markings bid. The Contractor shall report the progress of installation work daily to the Engineer. Monitoring and reporting of performance data shall also be reported on an annual basis during the contract. Performance data shall include location of work, including milepost, the pavement marking lines monitored, initial and annual retroreflectivity values, initial and annual durability values, and any segments that have been replaced as a result of the annual monitoring and testing. The Contractor shall schedule an annual meeting at the start of each contract year to discuss warranty compliance and evaluation data with the State. At the meeting, the Contractor shall present any plan for correction of deficient markings. Submittals and Pre-Operational Meeting—A minimum of two weeks prior to the Pre-Operational Meeting, the Contractor shall submit all certification and product information for review and approval. The items to be submitted are as follows: The Pavement Marking Services Work Plan. 122

123 Certification from the material Manufacturer that the Contractor and their equipment are certified to perform the applicable work. Pavement marking material samples shall be taken at the Manufacturer’s facility by an approved, independent third party inspector. Samples shall be sent to the Idaho Transportation Department, Materials Laboratory, Chemistry Section, 3293 Jordan Street, Boise, Idaho, 83702. For all samples taken, the approved inspector shall include the following information: inspectors name, name of company, address, phone and fax numbers, project number, project key number, date and time sampled, batch or lot numbers, quantities, the name of the Manufacturer, and product name. A color chip or tape sample, depending on the material used, for each color shall be submitted for approval prior to use. These material samples are for reference only and not for testing or approval. An acceptable method of identifying each component of the inspected material from the Manufacturer. All durable pavement marking material documentation, certifications, specifications, application instructions, and samples. A spill recovery plan, which shall include at a minimum the following items: o Name, address, and phone number for the person designated as the Contractor’s response coordinator and contact with the DEQ. o Name, address, and phone number of persons qualified, capable and on-call to do any cleanup. A warranty signed by the Contractor. Proof of a warranty bond from the Contractor equal to the total contract value. Five working days prior to starting work, the Contractor shall meet with the Engineer for the Pre- Operational Meeting. At this meeting, they will discuss and provide the following: A pavement marking schedule showing work areas, timing of work, and placing of materials. A traffic control plan for review and acceptance. Discuss placement of materials and potential problems. Discuss the work plan at intersections. Discuss material handling procedures and procurement. Recessed Markings—Placement of the recessed pavement markings shall not proceed without approval of the grinding. The Contractor shall grind the slot to the correct depth, width, and length as specified by the durable pavement marking material Manufacturer’s specifications and recommendations and in proper alignment. All grinding must be given final approval prior to the placement of any marking material. A diamond grinder shall be used to grind a smooth square slot to the depth tolerance specified by the material

Manufacturer, to the width of the pavement marking line ±5%, and to the correct skip cycle length ±2 inches. Measurements for the depth of the slot and the marking material shall be taken at the centerline of the slot. The diamond grinder shall have an articulating head so that the slots are installed correctly on grades and super elevated sections. The ability of the diamond grinder to correctly install slots on grades and super elevated sections shall be demonstrated and approved. Shrouds and a vacuum apparatus shall be included as part of the grinder to pick up the pieces of pavement that are ground out. Slots that are ground deeper or wider than the specified allowable limits shall be repaired according to the Manufacturers’ approved repair procedure at no additional cost to the State. Slots that are ground too shallow or narrow shall be reground to the specification limits at no additional cost to the State. Slots that are ground out of alignment shall be cut out and patched using an approved method and approved materials. Equipment—All equipment used shall be approved by the pavement marking material Manufacturer and made specifically for the purpose of applying the durable material to a uniform width and thickness on the roadway surface. All equipment used to place double pavement markings shall be designed to place two parallel pavement markings in one pass. Each grinding operator and each piece of grinding equipment must obtain approval. Each operator shall complete ¼ mile of grinding and shall be approved prior to beginning the grinding operation. This approval shall be for the duration of the entire statewide project. Each new operator or piece of equipment must obtain approval. Prior to starting the grinding process, the Contractor shall place a ¼ mile test grinding in each District to demonstrate the pavement marking application processes. The Contractor shall not grind recessed slots on the project without receiving approval of the test performance. The performance test shall be repeated until it has been demonstrated that the Contractor has suitable controls to grind the recessed slots accurately and properly. Any delay due to this test requirement will be at the Contractor’s expense. Pavement Surface—The Contractor shall prepare the pavement surface as the Manufacturer recommends. Test Stripe—Prior to starting pavement marking installation, the Contractor shall place a 500 foot test stripe to demonstrate the pavement marking application processes. The Contractor shall not place permanent materials without receiving approval of the test performance. The performance test shall be repeated until it has been demonstrated that the Contractor has suitable controls to place the materials accurately and properly. Any delay due to this test requirement will be at the Contractor’s expense. Application—The pavement markings shall be uniform and free of waves. Pavement markings shall not deviate from the intended alignment by more than 2 in. per 100 ft. Skip pavement marking lengths shall be as currently marked on the roadway and within ±2-inch tolerance for length of placement. If the existing skip markings have been placed incorrectly so that they are longer than required or the gaps are less than required, the Contractor shall install the recessed pavement markings in the correct skip pattern as directed by the Engineer. A 1.5-ft end-to-end overlap on skip markings is allowed during the initial startup but the overlap shall be back to within ±2 inches within three skip cycles. All ends shall be square and clean. Dribbling of material beyond the cutoff will require immediate cleanup. If the pavement markings are not applied satisfactorily, work shall be stopped until corrective measures can be taken to produce satisfactory work. The pavement marking widths shall be within a tolerance of ±5%. 124

125 If multiple passes of equipment are required to place the durable material to the correct depth, they shall result in the material being placed directly over the top of previous passes. The overlap shall result in a uniform thickness and width of the pavement marking and within the width tolerance of ±5%. The Contractor shall protect the pavement markings to prevent tracking and to maintain the retroreflectivity of the markings. The pavement marking material must be installed before the highway work zone is opened to traffic. Alignment—Place markings on the roadways in proper alignment with existing markings and within the recessed slots. All marking ends shall be square and clean. Pavement Marking Measurements and Records—The Contractor shall take Quality Control retroreflectivity readings representing the pavement markings installed each day during installation. Readings shall be taken at intervals not exceeding 1,000 feet of line distance per each pavement marking installed. The Contractor shall provide written documentation showing the section of highway the test area will represent, exact sample location, including mileposts, type of line, location on the roadway of the line tested, and the average retroreflectivity readings. The Contractor shall use a retroreflectometer having 30 meter geometry to determine the retroreflectivity of the pavement markings. Retroreflectivity measurements shall be taken according to ASTM E 1710 following the Manufacturers instructions for calibration and operation of the retroreflectometer. Pavement markings shall be evaluated according to the requirements of ASTM D 6359 Standard Specification for Minimum Retroreflectance of Newly Applied Markings. The Contractor shall record the following readings, and the locations where they were taken, for daily Quality Control evaluation: Record the depth of the ground slot and the marking material every 500 feet during the grinding and marking application operation. Measure the retroreflectivity of each pavement marking placed using a 30 meter geometry retroreflectometer that is compliant to ASTM E 1710 at intervals not exceeding 1,000 feet of line distance. Perform testing daily using handheld units to measure retroreflectivity of installed pavement markings. Make results available immediately after they have been recorded. The Engineer reserves the right to use State handheld units to take independent Quality Assurance measurements of retroreflectivity. Prior to acceptance of the project, the initial retroreflectivity for each line type shall be tested for compliance by a third party Independent Monitoring Contractor. The initial acceptance monitoring and annual monitoring shall be performed by a third party Independent Monitoring Contractor who is independent from the Contractor and the Manufacturer. This Independent Monitoring Contractor shall notify the Engineer before performing monitoring. The findings of the durability and retroreflectivity monitoring shall be recorded and shared with the Engineer and Contractor within five business days of the readings be taken. Warranted Retroreflective Performance and Monitoring Values—Table 1 provides the minimum warranted retroreflective performance values effective for the life of this Contract. The retained retroreflectivity of all pavement markings shall meet the minimum requirements in Table 1. They shall

be maintained through the term of this contract and shall be considered the minimum level allowed for compliance and payment. Table 1. Lane Line Retroreflectivity Performance Values Retroreflectivity (30 m geometry) mcd/m2/lux White Yellow Initial 250 175 End of 1st Year 150 125 End of 2nd Year 150 125 End of 3rd Year 150 125 End of 4th Year 150 125 The Independent Monitoring Contractor shall use a mobile highway retroreflectometer system to measure all installed markings for initial acceptance and annual retroreflectivity measurements. The van shall be the Laserlux CEN 30 with the appropriate software from Gamma Scientific or approved equal. The monitoring will be the average of 10 readings per line. Each reading will be the average of a 100 foot interval. The readings will be taken evenly spaced on a running 1,000 foot section. Failing averages will require replacement in kind of the entire 1,000 foot section. Annual measurement of the durable pavement markings will be conducted by the Independent Monitoring Contractor. If areas of pavement markings are found to be deficient during these annual inspections, the Contractor shall replace the deficient sections. The replaced pavement markings shall meet the performance requirements for the initial evaluation and shall also meet subsequent year evaluation criteria. Failure to meet any subsequent year performance criteria shall result in deficient markings and shall require another replacement to bring pavement markings into compliance. Warranted Durability Performance and Monitoring—The Independent Monitoring Contractor shall monitor the durable pavement marking material for material retention on the pavement annually. This will be a staged inspection with the Engineer designating locations to inspect for material presence remaining on the pavement. Results from the retroreflectivity monitoring may also be used to identify locations that may be losing material. Once these locations are identified the Independent Monitoring Contractor shall evaluate each identified location to determine the amount of material remaining on the roadway for each line per standards found in the National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) Project Work Plan for the Field and Laboratory Evaluation of Pavement Marking Materials. Durability will be rated as a percent of marking material remaining on the pavement based on testing by the Independent Monitoring Contractor. The Independent Monitoring Contractor shall assign a percentage of marking material remaining (non-exposed substrate) on the 1,000-foot segment. Ten (10)% of this number will be the rating assigned. Thus, a marking with no wear would receive a rating of 10. Three trained evaluators will rate separately and their ratings averaged for a final score. For each marking line, in each 1,000 foot section, the durability will be rated at 100 ft intervals. The average of the ratings per 126

127 line will be used to rate that 1,000 foot section line. Lines with averages less than 8 will be failing averages and will require replacement of the entire 1,000 foot section under the warranty terms. Unacceptable Materials and Work—All work that does not conform to the requirements of these specifications will be considered unacceptable. Non-specification materials, tracking marks, spilled material, materials not within allowable placement tolerances, rain damaged, unauthorized work, or markings applied in non-specified areas shall be considered as unacceptable work. Unacceptable work placed during installation shall be remedied immediately if it causes a safety problem; otherwise, it shall be remedied prior to initial acceptance. Removal of this unacceptable work shall be accomplished by blasting, grinding, or removing the pavement and replacing it back to grade. Blacking out is not an acceptable method of removal. Removal of unacceptable work, collection of removed material, disposal, and remarking the effected area shall be at the Contractor’s expense and the Contractor must receive approval before leaving the area. The Contractor shall take immediate corrective action to correct pavement markings that do not meet the initial minimum retroreflectivity values found in Table 1 after daily Quality Control testing. The Contractor shall make the necessary adjustments to bring the pavement markings into conformance for retroreflectivity. The Contractor shall submit to and pass verification testing by the State on the pavement markings in the unacceptable area. The Contractor shall then apply a compliant pavement marking to the unacceptable section at no additional cost to the State. Work and materials that conform to these Specifications shall replace any unacceptable work. Durable permanent pavement markings applied by any method will be unacceptable if: The thickness of the pavement marking is inconsistent or less than specified. The top of the pavement marking is not smooth and uniform. Any pavement markings are damaged prior to curing. Retroreflectivity is too low. The material is uncured. The substrate is visible in the striped areas. The recessed slot is not ground deep enough. The recessed slot is not filled to the specified depth. Successive spray passes are not aligned over the previous pass. The material blackens or is inconsistent in color. The marking exhibits poor adhesion. The color does not match the approved color chips. The top of the pavement marking is cupped.

Removal or Repair of Unacceptable Work—Areas that are unacceptable or fail to meet the specification requirements shall be corrected by the Contractor at no additional cost to the State. Repairs shall not be performed in a “patch-work” manner, meaning repairs shall not be any less than 1,000 feet of one line of material. If one repair is required in a single 1,000 foot section, the entire section shall be required to be removed and replaced. The removed material becomes the property of the Contractor. If traffic control is required for removal of unacceptable material, the Contractor shall provide it at no additional cost to the State. All materials that fail initial or annual durability and/or retroreflectivity requirements will be completely removed and replaced in kind at no additional expense to the State. The recessed slots will be cleared of all material and reviewed to ensure they are still within specified tolerances for depth. Slots not meeting the depth requirements shall be filled in or ground out to meet the specified tolerances. Lane Rental Fees—Lane rental fees shall be assessed to the Contractor whenever traffic is impeded by work at each specific location during the duration of the contract period. There will be no assessment of the lane rental fees for the initial installation during the specified working hours and prior to the start of the performance period. The Engineer may determine that the fee will not be charged for lane closures for additional work not covered in the scope of the project or for any work stoppage or extenuating circumstances. Work zones shall not exceed three miles in length in any one direction with a minimum of three miles between zones. The Contractor shall provide all necessary traffic control devices to provide adequate guidance and safety to the public at no cost to the State. All work will be performed at night between the hours of 10:00 PM and 6:00 AM. All traffic control shall be approved before replacement work begins. The lane rental fee for all lane closures shall be $750 per hour per mile of lane closed during night work hours. If the lane closure starts prior to 10:00 PM or extends beyond 6:00 AM the lane rental fee shall be $2,000 per hour or portion thereof per mile of lane closed. The assessed lane rental charge will be deducted from the annual payment due the Contractor after markings are brought into compliance with the performance requirements of the contract. The lane rental charges will be assessed when lane closures are in place rounded up to the next full hour, whether or not work is in progress. The lane rental assessment rate applies to traffic restrictions in one travel direction. If the Contractor chooses to restrict traffic in both directions at the same time, lane rental assessments will be applied for each direction. The Contractor shall be prohibited from closing two lanes in the same direction on multiple lane roads during any portion of the peak period and shall maintain at least one lane of traffic in each direction during all operations. The Contractor shall maintain at least one lane for traffic and flagger control when performing work on two-lane, two-way roads. Work accomplished under moving operation lane closures shall be charged the same lane rental assessment rate. Contractor’s Warranty—The Contractor shall furnish a signed Warranty consisting of the following: A Warranty that all markings will stay in place and will maintain the minimum retroreflectivity found in Table 1. Lane Line Retroreflectivity Performance Values, through the 4-year Warranty period which will start on the date the work is accepted and initial payment is authorized. 128

129 Annual monitoring of the durable pavement markings retroreflectivity and durability shall be conducted by a third party Independent Monitoring Contractor to determine if the durable pavement markings are performing within the requirements of this specification. The Independent Monitoring Contractor shall notify the Engineer before performing monitoring. An annual report, including a CD of the data, will be prepared and submitted summarizing the results of the monitoring and the corrective action required by the Contractor. The annual payments will be made once the annual durability and retroreflectivity inspection of the durable pavement markings has been completed, the annual report received, and all unacceptable markings have been replaced and accepted. The Warranty will state that the Contractor is required to replace all markings that fail bonding or drop below the required minimum retroreflectivity during the Warranty period. Corrective action shall be made within 30 days of written notice. When the Engineer makes a written request to the Contractor for repair or replacement, the Warranty period will stop until the requested repairs or replacements are made and accepted. For the purpose of the Warranty, the average of the retroreflectivity readings of the pavement marking along a 1,000-foot segment not meeting the minimum retroreflective values will be considered a retroreflectivity failure. The monitoring will be the average of 10 readings per line. Each reading will be the average of a 100 foot interval. The readings will be taken evenly spaced on a running 1,000 foot section. Failing averages will require replacement in kind of the entire 1,000 foot section. The Contractor shall replace the entire 1,000-foot segment of pavement marking under the warranty terms. For the purpose of the Warranty, less than 80% of the material remaining along a 1,000-foot segment of markings will be considered a durability failure. Durability will be rated as a percent of marking material remaining on the pavement based on a test by the Independent Monitoring Contractor. This will be a staged inspection with the Engineer designating locations to be inspected. Results from the retroreflectivity monitoring may also be used to identify locations that may be losing material. Once these locations are identified the Independent Monitoring Contractor shall evaluate each identified location to determine the amount of material remaining on the roadway for each line per standards found in the National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) Project Work Plan for the Field and Laboratory Evaluation of Pavement Marking Materials. The Independent Monitoring Contractor shall assign a percentage of marking material remaining (non-exposed substrate) on the 1,000-foot segment. Ten (10)% of this number will be the rating assigned. Thus, a marking with no wear would receive a rating of 10. Three trained evaluators will rate separately and their ratings averaged for a final score. For each marking line, in each 1,000 foot section, the durability will be rated at 100 ft intervals. The average of the ratings per line will be used to rate that 1,000 foot section line. Lines with averages less than 8 will be failing averages and will require replacement in kind of the entire 1,000 foot section. The marking along the entire 1,000-foot segment will be replaced under the warranty terms. All materials that fail initial or annual durability and/or retroreflectivity requirements shall be completely removed and replaced in kind at no additional expense to the State. The slots shall be cleared of all material and inspected to ensure they remain within specified tolerances for depth

and width. Slots not meeting the depth or width requirements shall be filled or ground out to meet the specified tolerances. The new pavement marking material shall be identical to the original material and shall be placed in a manner similar to the original installation The Warranty shall include that the Contractor shall provide traffic control at Contractor’s expense to replace all segments. Perform Warranty work when weather permits after coordinating an accepted schedule with the State. At the discretion of the Engineer, until the Warranty work is complete, temporary pavement markings and traffic control shall be required at the Contractor’s expense. The following practices will not be accepted as meeting the requirements of the warranty: Placing new, identical material on top of the original failed material. Placing paint or other material that is not identical to the original material over the top of the original failed material. Covering the original material with paint or another substance and placing new material, identical or not, over blacked out areas. Warranty Bond—The Contractor shall be required to supply to the State a warranty bond equal to the total contract value. The entire value of the warranty bond shall be maintained for the life of the contract. The Contractor shall submit proof of bond before placing the material. Method of Measurement. The Recessed Pavement Markings will be measured by the foot of actual pavement markings placed, exclusive of the gaps between skip stripes. The standard application width is considered to be 4 inches. If wider pavement markings are placed, the length of those pavement markings will be adjusted by converting them to an equivalent length of a 4 inch line on a proportionate area basis. The Monitoring and Reporting will be measured by the line mile of actual pavement markings monitored. Basis of Payment. Payment for Monitoring and Reporting will be made annually as the monitoring work for each evaluation period is completed and the report is received by the State. Payment for Recessed Pavement Markings accepted work will be made as a percentage of the bid amount as follows: Initial (%) End of 1st Year (%) End of 2nd Year (%) End of 3rd Year (%) End of 4th Year (%) 60 5 5 5 25 Initial payment shall be issued after all of the permanent markings included in the pay for performance project have been accepted. The date of this payment shall be the start of the four year performance period. Each annual payment will be made once the annual durability and retroreflectivity inspection of the permanent pavement markings has been completed, the annual report has been received, and all unacceptable markings have been replaced and accepted. 130

131 Payment for accepted work will be made as follows: Pay Item Pay Unit S910-05A Monitoring and Reporting MILE S911-05A Recessed Pavement Markings FT Payment for Monitoring and Reporting will be for furnishing all materials, equipment, labor, and incidentals necessary to complete the work specified, and include annual payment to the Contractor for the following: Testing initial and annual retroreflectivity compliance Identifying locations that do not meet warranty specifications Recording, tabulating, and reporting monitoring and testing to the Engineer and the Contractor Payment for Recessed Pavement Markings will be for furnishing all materials, equipment, labor, and incidentals, including brooming and material disposal, necessary to complete the work specified, and include payment for the following: Laying out the alignment Checking dimensional tolerance Removing existing pavement markings and other waste materials Furnishing a pavement marking schedule Placing test strips Placing layout guidelines Installing recessed pavement markings Removing and disposing of unacceptable materials Furnishing the Warranty Furnishing the Warranty bond

APPENDIX D7 Agency: Illinois Department of Transportation Attached Example(s) of Warranty Specifications: Pavement Marking Specification Period Remarks Pavement Striping (SECTION 780): specifications encompass thermoplastic, paint, preformed plastic, epoxy, preformed thermoplastic, and compatible glass beads. 180 days through a winter The specifications discuss required properties and application requirements for each pavement marking material. The specifications cover lines, words, and symbols. Warranty provisions are discussed in Section 780.10. The winter performance period extends 180 days from Nov. 1st. Contractors, who must be on the list of Approved Contractors, are responsible for fulfilling warranty requirements. Raised Reflective Pavement Markings (SECTION 781) 180 days through a winter These specifications cover raised reflective pavement markers, including required properties and installation requirements. The warranty provisions are discussed in Section 781.04. The winter performance period extends 180 days from Nov. 30th. Contractors are the responsible party for fulfilling warranty requirements. 132

133 PAVEMENT MARKING SECTION 780. PAVEMENT STRIPING 780.01 Description. This work shall consist of furnishing and applying pavement marking. 780.02 Materials. Materials shall be according to the following. Item Article/Section (a) Thermoplastic Pavement Markings……………........................................................................... 1095.01 (b) Paint Pavement Markings ............................................................................................................ 1095.02 (c) Preformed Plastic Pavement Markings ........................................................................................ 1095.03 (d) Epoxy Pavement Marking ................................................................. .......................................... 1095.04 (e) Preformed Thermoplastic Pavement Marking ............................................................................. 1095.05 (f) Glass Beads for Pavement Markings ............................................................................................ 1095.07 780.03 Equipment. Equipment shall be according to the following. Item Article/Section (a) Thermoplastic Truck-Mounted (Note 1) ..................................................................................1105.01(a) (b) Thermoplastic Hand-Operated (Note 1) ..................................................................................1105.01(b) (c) Epoxy ........................................................................................................................................... 1105.02 Note 1. A mechanical beader approved by the Engineer shall be used. CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS 780.04 General. Thermoplastic and epoxy pavement markings shall only be applied by Contractors on the list of Approved Contractors maintained by the Engineer of Operations and in effect on the date of advertisement for bids. Pavement marking on freeways shall be placed with truck-mounted equipment. Markings on roads other than freeways may be placed with either truck-mounted or hand-operated equipment.

Before applying the pavement marking material, the pavement shall be clean, dry, and free of debris or any other material that would reduce the adhesion of the markings on the pavement. The edge of a center line or lane line shall be offset a minimum distance of 2 in. (50 mm) from a longitudinal crack or joint. Edge lines shall be approximately 2 in. (50 mm) from the edge of pavement. The finished center and lane lines shall be straight, with the lateral deviation of any 10 ft (3 m) line 1 in. (25 mm) or less. Pavement marking words and symbols shall conform closely to the dimensions and spacing specified in the MUTCD and the plans. Deviations from the required dimensions and spacing or other departures from reasonable standards of professionalism will be cause for rejection by the Engineer. The words and symbols shall be as specified in Table 1 in Article 780.12. 780.05 Thermoplastic. Prior to applying the thermoplastic pavement markings, the existing pavement markings shall be removed. The area removed shall be no wider than the width of the existing pavement markings. The new thermoplastic pavement markings shall be applied over the location where the pavement markings were removed. The Contractor shall notify the Engineer 72 hours prior to the placement of the thermoplastic markings. At the time of this notification, the Contractor shall indicate the manufacturer and lot numbers of thermoplastic and glass beads he/she intends to use. The compound shall be installed in a molten state at a minimum temperature of 400ºF (205ºC) and maximum temperature of 475ºF (245ºC). Scorching or discoloration of material will be cause for rejection by the Engineer. The machinery shall be constructed so all mixing and conveying parts, up to and including the shaping-die, maintain the material in a molten state. Thermoplastic shall be applied only when the pavement temperature is 55ºF (13ºC) or greater and no later than November 1 or earlier than April 15. If the thermoplastic markings cannot be placed according to these specifications and the road is to be opened to traffic between November 1 and April 15 and no adequate pavement markings are in place, the Contractor shall, at the direction of the Engineer, place temporary pavement markings according to Section 703. The Contractor shall remove the temporary pavement markings and place the thermoplastic pavement markings on or after April 15 or as agreed upon by the Engineer. A binder sealer shall be applied on all hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements over 60 days old and on all portland cement concrete pavement surfaces where the new thermoplastic material is to be installed. The binder sealer material shall be applied as recommended by the manufacturer of the thermoplastic and in sufficient quantities to entirely cover the surface on which the thermoplastic is to be laid. The thermoplastic material shall be applied at a thickness of not less than 100 mils (2.50 mm) but no greater than 110 mils (2.75 mm). Finished lines shall be within 1/4 in. (6 mm) of the width specified in the plans. Thermoplastic markings shall be placed with drop on glass beads according to Article 1095.01, uniformly applied to assure adequate nighttime reflectivity. It shall be the Contractor’s responsibility to use a compatible combination of thermoplastic material and beads to preclude the surface beads from sinking deeply into the thermoplastic. 134

135 The thickness of the markings will be measured above the pavement surface at random points as selected by the Engineer, to determine conformance. (a) If the measurements show less than 100 mils (2.50 mm), the Engineer will “chip” the edges of the markings at random points and measure the thickness of the chips to determine if the overall thickness of the markings is at least 100 mils (2.50 mm). When either the overall thickness or the thickness above the pavement surface is substantially in conformance with the thickness requirements, payment will be made at 100 percent of the contract unit prices involved. (b) If the thickness at a given location is less than 100 mils (2.50 mm), additional measurements will be taken on each side of the location by the Engineer to determine the extent of the deficient portion of the marking. If the average thickness of the deficient portion is less than 100 mils (2.50 mm) but more than 60 mils (1.50 mm), an adjusted unit price of 50 percent of the contract unit price involved will be used in computing payment for the area which is deficient. (c) If the measurements show the average thickness to be less than 60 mils (1.50 mm), the Contractor shall remove the surface of the deficient portions of the markings sufficiently to reduce the average thickness to approximately 50 mils (1.25 mm) or less. The Contractor shall then apply additional thermoplastic material and beads to bring the thickness of the markings to at least 100 mils (2.50 mm) and the reflectivity to the minimum required values. 780.06 Paint. Prior to application of the paint pavement marking, the Contractor shall make certain the pavement surface is dry and free of dirt or grease and, if necessary, clean the surface to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Paint shall not be applied at air temperatures below 50ºF (10ºC), unless approved by the Engineer. The paint shall be applied at a minimum thickness of 16 mils (406 µm) and beads shall be applied to all painted surfaces at the minimum rate of 6.0 lb/gal (720 g/L) of paint used. 780.07 Preformed Plastic. The markings shall be capable of being applied on either new HMA surfaces by being inlaid into the surface, or on new and existing portland cement concrete and HMA surfaces, by means of a pressure-sensitive, precoated adhesive, or liquid contact cement which shall be applied at the time of installation. The pavement shall be cleaned as recommended by the manufacturer. Cleaning operations shall not begin until a minimum of 30 days after the placement of new portland cement concrete pavement. The cleaning operation shall remove all visible evidence of curing compound on the peaks and valleys of textured concrete surfaces, remove all loose and flaking material, and round any sharp edges and irregularities. When recommended by the manufacturer, a primer sealer shall be applied on all pavement surfaces where new preformed plastic pavement marking material is to be applied. The primer sealer shall be recommended by the manufacturer of the preformed plastic pavement material and shall be compatible with the material being used. The primer sealer shall be applied in sufficient quantities to entirely cover the pavement surface where the plastic material is to be placed. The Contractor shall not install the preformed plastic pavement markings until the primer sealer dries according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.

The markings placed on the pavement shall be rolled and compacted onto the pavement with a roller or tamper cart approved by the manufacturer. This roller shall be loaded with or weigh at least 200 lb (90 kg). The Contractor shall tamp and roll the material sufficiently to prevent easy removal or peeling. Care shall be taken to cut the material in and around pavement joints or cracks and roll the material into the cracks of joints. (a) Type B—Inlaid Application. On freshly placed HMA, the inlaid markings shall be applied before final compaction and when the pavement temperature has cooled to approximately 150ºF (65ºC) and when, in the opinion of the Engineer, the pavement is acceptable for vehicular traffic. The markings shall be applied at a minimum thickness of 60 mils (1.5 mm). The markings shall be placed on the pavement by means of a mechanical applicator or by a hand method and embedded into the pavement surface with a static compaction roller with minimum water on the roller. The initial rolling of the markings shall be in the same direction as the application to minimize buckling in front of the roller. The roller shall not be allowed to turn on the markings. The markings shall be embedded to a depth of approximately 0.04 in. (1.0 mm). (b) Type B or C—Standard Application. The material shall be applied only when the air temperature is 60ºF (15ºC) or above and rising and the pavement temperature is 70ºF (21ºC) or greater. However, standard application of preformed plastic pavement markings will not be allowed after October 15. When the preformed plastic markings cannot be placed according to these specifications and the road is to be opened to traffic after October 15 with no adequate pavement markings in place, the Contractor shall place preformed tape for lane lines. All other pavement markings shall be placed according to Article 703.05. The Contractor shall then place the preformed pavement markings on or as soon after April 15 as the requirements of these specifications can be met 780.08 Preformed Thermoplastic. The pavement markings shall be capable of being applied on either HMA or portland cement concrete surfaces by using a propane blowtorch. A primer sealer recommended by the manufacturer of the preformed pavement marking material shall be applied on portland cement concrete surfaces prior to application of the preformed thermoplastic pavement marking material. The primer sealer material shall be applied in sufficient quantities to entirely cover the pavement surface where the pavement marking material is to be placed. The pavement temperature and the ambient air temperature shall be at or above 32ºF (0ºC) at the time of installation of the pavement markings. 780.09 Epoxy. The pavement shall be cleaned by a method approved by the Engineer to remove all dirt, grease, glaze, or any other material that would reduce the adhesion of the markings with minimum or no damage to the pavement surface. New portland cement concrete pavements shall be blast-cleaned to remove all latents. Markings shall be applied to the cleaned surface on the same calendar day. If this cannot be accomplished, the surface area shall be recleaned prior to applying the markings. No markings shall be placed until the Engineer approves the cleaning. 136

137 Widths, lengths, and shapes of the cleaned surface shall be of sufficient size to include the full area of the specified pavement marking to be placed or removed. The cleaning operation shall be a continuous moving process with minimum interruption to any traffic. The material shall be applied to the cleaned road surface at 20 mils ± 1 mil (0.51 mm ±0.03 mm) in thickness, before the glass beads are applied. Glass beads shall be uniformly applied by means of a double drop pressurized bead applicator system. The system shall apply both the first drop glass beads and the second drop glass beads at a rate of 10 lb/gal (1.2 kg/L). Epoxy pavement marking shall be applied only when the air and surface temperatures are a minimum of 35ºF (2ºC) and rising. Where epoxy markings cannot be placed according to these specifications and the road is open to traffic with no adequate pavement markings in place, the Contractor shall place temporary pavement markings according to Article 703.05. Lane lines shall be applied within four calendar days after removal of any existing lane lines. The Contractor shall provide the Engineer an accurate temperature measuring device(s) which shall be capable of measuring the pavement temperature prior to the application of the material, the material temperature at the gun tip, and the material temperature prior to mixing. The Contractor may use preformed plastic pavement marking or thermoplastic pavement marking, meeting the applicable requirements of Sections 1095 and 780, for diagonal lines, stop bars, and letters and symbols in lieu of epoxy at no additional cost to the Department. 780.10 Inspection. The epoxy, thermoplastic, preformed thermoplastic, and preformed plastic Type B or C, pavement markings will be inspected following installation, but no later than October 15 for preformed plastic markings, November 1 for thermoplastic and preformed thermoplastic markings, and December 15 for epoxy markings. In addition, they will be inspected following a winter performance period that extends 180 days from November 1. Within 15 calendar days after the end of the winter performance period, a final performance inspection will be made. Final acceptance requirements are as follows. (a) Lane lines: 90 percent intact by area of each individual dashed line segment. (b) Crosswalks, stop lines, arrows, and words: 90 percent intact by area of each individual line, symbol, or letter. (c) Center lines, edge lines, gore markings, and channelizing lines: 90 percent intact by area measured over any 10 ft (3 m) length of any individual line regardless of width. (d) Entire project: measured in its entirety according to (a), (b), and (c) above, the entire project shall be 95 percent intact. Upon completion of the final performance inspection, or after satisfactory completion of any necessary correction, the Engineer will notify the Contractor, in writing, of the date of such final performance inspection and release him/her from further performance responsibility. If this inspection discloses any work, in whole or in part, which does not meet the inspection requirements, the Contractor shall, within 30 calendar days, completely repair or replace such work to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

This performance inspection and performance acceptance of the epoxy, thermoplastic, preformed thermoplastic, and preformed plastic Type B and C pavement markings shall not delay acceptance of the entire project and final payment due if the Contractor requires and receives from the subcontractor a third party “performance” bond naming the Department as obligee in the full amount of all pavement marking quantities listed in the contract, multiplied by the contract unit price. The bond shall be executed prior to acceptance and final payment of the nonpavement marking items and shall be in full force and effect until final performance inspection and performance acceptance of the epoxy, thermoplastic, preformed thermoplastic, and preformed plastic pavement markings. Execution of the third party bond shall be the option of the Contractor. SECTION 781. RAISED REFLECTIVE PAVEMENT MARKERS 781.01 Description. This work shall consist of placing permanent and/or temporary raised reflective pavement markers or replacing the reflective element in a raised reflective pavement marker. 781.02 Materials. Materials shall be according to the following. Item Article/Section (a) Raised Reflective Pavement Markers ................................................ .......................................... 1096.01 (b) Temporary Raised Reflective Pavement Markers .............................. ......................................... 1096.02 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS 781.03 General. The reflector may be attached to the casting prior to or after the placement of the markers. The depression in the web shall be clean and dry. The reflector shall be laminated to an elastomeric pad and adhesively attached to the casting. The protective paper or plastic film covering the adhesive pad shall be removed immediately prior to placing the reflector on the casting. Once the film covering is removed, extreme care shall be taken to avoid contamination of the exposed pad surface. An adhesive meeting the marker manufacturer’s specifications shall be used. The adhesive shall be placed either on the reflector or on the web in sufficient quantity so as to ensure complete coverage of the contact area with no voids present and with a slight excess after the reflector is pressed in place. (a) Permanent. It shall be the Contractor’s responsibility to determine the location of any traffic control devices installed in the pavement before beginning work, and shall conduct work to avoid damage to these devices. Any damage to these devices caused by the Contractor’s operation shall be repaired. The pavement shall be cut to match the bottom contour of the marker using a concrete saw fitted with 18 and 10 in. (450 and 250 mm) diameter blades. Diamond blades shall be used on portland cement concrete pavement. The cut shall be clean and completely dry prior to pouring the epoxy. After the cut is cleaned, the configuration shall be checked using a pavement marker. The marker shall fit easily within the cut with the leveling tabs resting on the pavement. If any force is required to place or remove the marker or if the leveling tabs do not rest on the pavement surface, the cut shall be enlarged as necessary. Installations on crowned pavements, super elevations, or ramps shall be cut deeper than those on level pavements if necessary to get proper marker fit. A rapid setting (hard in 138

139 one hour) epoxy meeting the requirements of AASHTO M 237 shall be poured into the cut to within 3/8 in. (9 mm) of the pavement surface. The installed height for the reflective pavement markers shall be approximately 0.3 in. (7.5 mm) above the road surface. The marker shall then be placed into the epoxy-filled cut. The leveling tabs shall rest on the pavement surface and the marker tips shall be slightly below the pavement surface when properly installed. There shall be no epoxy on the reflective lens. The epoxy, when properly mixed, shall be hard cured in 30–45 minutes. If after one hour, a screwdriver or other appointed instrument can be pushed into the epoxy, the marker and the uncured epoxy shall be removed, and the marker shall be cleaned and the unit reinstalled. The pavement surface temperature and the ambient air temperature shall be at or above 50ºF (10ºC) at the time of installation of the marker for the epoxy adhesive to properly cure. Unless directed by the Engineer, raised reflective pavement markers shall not be laid directly over a longitudinal crack or joint. The edge of a raised reflective pavement marker shall be offset, toward traffic, a minimum distance of 2 in. (50 mm) from the edge of pavement, a longitudinal crack or joint, or a solid lane line. Raised reflective pavement markers shall be centered in the gap between dashed line segments and the finished line of the markers shall be straight. The lateral deviation on any 10 ft (3 m) line shall not exceed 1 in. (25 mm). Raised reflective pavement markers through tangents of reverse curves which are less than 500 ft (150 m) in length shall be installed at the lesser of the two curve spacings. The reflectors may be attached to the castings either prior to or after the placement of the markers. The depression in the web shall be clean and dry. The reflector shall be placed on the casting with sufficient pressure to firmly seat it in place, minimum load of 100 lb (45 kg). Adhesive material shall not be permitted on the reflective surface of the prismatic reflector. (b) Temporary. The pavement surface which the marker shall be bonded to, shall be free of dirt, curing compound, grease, oil, moisture, or any other material which would adversely affect the bond of the adhesive. The markers shall be placed firmly on the pavement and pressed into place by slowly passing over them with a truck wheel. The pass shall not displace the markers. In lieu of an adhesive pad, an adhesive meeting the marker manufacturer’s specifications may be used. The adhesive shall be placed either on the reflector or on the web in sufficient quantity so as to ensure complete coverage of the contact area with no voids present and with a slight excess after the reflector is pressed in place. All markers shall be monodirectional. Markers placed to the left of traffic shall be amber and markers placed to the right of traffic shall be crystal. (c) Replacement. All remaining portions of the existing reflector, and all traces of adhesive, rust, dirt, etc., shall be removed from the marker reflector area by sandblasting or other methods approved by the Engineer. The Contractor shall be responsible for verifying the model numbers of castings as shown on the plans and shall be responsible for installing the proper replacement reflector in each casting. The Contractor shall make certain the casting surface is dry and free of dirt and rust prior to placing the reflector on the casting.

The reflector shall be placed on the casting with sufficient pressure to firmly seat it in place, minimum load of 100 lb (45 kg). Adhesive material shall not be permitted on the reflective surface of the prismatic reflector. The pavement surface temperature and the ambient air temperature shall be at or above 50ºF (10ºC) at the time of application of the prismatic reflector. 781.04 Inspection of Raised Reflective Pavement Markers. The permanent raised reflective pavement marker and/or replacement reflector will be inspected following installation, but no later than November 30. In addition, they will be inspected following a winter performance period that will extend 180 days from November 30. Within 15 calendar days after the end of the winter performance period, a final performance inspection will be made. If this inspection discloses any work which is not visibly intact and serviceable, the Contractor shall, within 30 calendar days, completely repair or replace such work to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Measured in its entirety, the work shall be 97 percent intact. Upon completion of the final performance inspection or after satisfactory completion of any necessary corrections, the Engineer shall notify the Contractor in writing of the date of such final performance inspection and release him/her from further performance responsibility. This delay in performance inspection and performance acceptance of the raised reflective pavement markers shall not delay acceptance of the entire project and final payment due if the Contractor requires and receives from the subcontractor a third party “performance” bond naming the Department as obligee in the full amount of all raised reflective pavement marker quantities listed in the contract, multiplied by the contract unit price. The bond shall be executed prior to acceptance and final pavement of the nonraised reflective pavement marker items and shall be in full force and effect until final performance inspection and performance acceptance of the raised reflective pavement markers. Execution of the third party bond shall be the option of the prime Contractor. 781.05 Basis of Payment. This work will be paid for at the contract unit price per each for RAISED REFLECTIVE PAVEMENT MARKER, RAISED REFLECTIVE PAVEMENT MARKER (BRIDGE), TEMPORARY RAISED REFLECTIVE PAVEMENT MARKER, or REPLACEMENT REFLECTOR. 140

141 APPENDIX D8 Agency: Indiana Department of Transportation Attached Example(s) of Warranty Specifications: Pavement Marking Material Period Remarks Durable pavement marking materials: thermoplastic, preformed plastic, and epoxy 180 days through a winter Warranty specifications apply only to durable pavement marking materials, and cover longitudinal lines, transverse lines, and intersection markings. The specifications describe the required characteristics of the pavement markings, application methods, and equipment to be used. Warranty provisions are described in Section 808.09. The contractor is the responsible party for meeting warranty requirements. The 180-day warranty period extends from either the date of final acceptance or November 1st of the calendar year in which the last pavement markings were installed, whichever is later. The practical effect is to have the warranty extend through a winter season. INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION SECTION 808—PAVEMENT TRAFFIC MARKINGS 808.01 Description This work shall consist of furnishing and installing, or removing, pavement traffic markings and snowplowable raised pavement markers in accordance with the MUTCD, these specifications and as shown on the plans. Markings shall be installed as required unless written approval is obtained from the District Traffic Engineer to make modifications at specific locations. MATERIALS 808.02 Materials Materials shall be in accordance with the following: Cones 801.08 Epoxy 921.02(c)

Glass Beads 921.02(e) Preformed Plastic 921.02(b) Snowplowable Raised Pavement Markers921.02(d)1 Thermoplastic 921.02(a) Traffic Paint 909.05 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS 808.03 General Requirements Permanent pavement markings shall be placed on the surface course in a standard pavement marking pattern. Center lines shall be placed on two-way two-lane roads, lane lines shall be placed on multi-lane divided roads, and both center lines and lane lines shall be placed on multi-lane undivided roads. The markings shall be of the same material as the existing pavement markings or any durable pavement marking material. The pavement shall be cleaned of all dirt, oil, grease, excess sealing material, excess pavement marking material and all other foreign material prior to applying new pavement traffic markings. New paint pavement markings may be placed over sound existing markings of the same color. New thermoplastic, preformed plastic, or epoxy markings may be applied over sound existing markings of the same type if permitted by manufacturer’s recommendations, a copy of which shall be supplied to the Engineer prior to placement; otherwise, existing markings shall be removed in accordance with 808.10 prior to placement of the new markings. Removal of pavement marking material shall be in accordance with 808.10. The pavement surface shall be dry prior to applying pavement traffic markings. Control points required as a guide for pavement traffic markings shall be spotted with paint for the full length of the road to be marked. Control points along tangent sections shall be spaced at a maximum interval of 100 ft (30 m). Control points along curve sections shall be spaced so as to ensure the accurate location of the pavement traffic markings. The location of control points shall be approved prior to the pavement traffic marking application. 808.04 Longitudinal Markings All longitudinal lines shall be clearly and sharply delineated, straight and true on tangent, and form a smooth curve where required. Lines shall be square at both ends, without mist, drip or spatter. A solid line shall be continuous. A broken line shall consist of 10 ft (3 m) line segments with 30 ft (9 m) gaps. All lines shall be gapped at intersections unless otherwise specified or directed. The actual repainting limits for no-passing zone markings will be determined by the Engineer. A new broken line placed over an existing broken line shall laterally match the existing broken line, and the new line segments shall not extend longitudinally more than 10% beyond either end of the existing line segments. 142

143 (a) Center Lines Center lines shall be used to separate lanes of traffic moving in opposite directions. All center line markings shall be yellow in color and 4 in. (100 mm) in width. They shall be placed such that the edge of the marking, nearest to the geometric centerline of the roadway, shall be offset 4 in. (100 mm) from the geometric centerline. The center line of a multi-lane roadway shall be marked with a double solid line. The two lines forming the double solid line shall be spaced 8 in. (200 mm) apart and shall be equally offset on opposite sides of the geometric centerline. The center line of a 2-lane, 2-way roadway, where passing is allowed in both directions, shall be marked with a broken line. The center line of a 2-lane, 2-way roadway, where passing is allowed in one direction only, shall be marked with a double line, consisting of a broken line and a solid line. The broken line and the solid line shall be spaced 8 in. (200 mm) apart and shall be equally offset on opposite sides of the geometric centerline. The solid line shall be offset toward the lane where passing is prohibited. The broken line shall be offset toward the lane where passing is permitted. (b) Lane Lines Lane lines shall be used to separate lanes of traffic moving in the same direction. Normal lane line markings shall be white in color and shall be 5 in. (125 mm) wide on freeways, interstates and toll roads, and 4 in. (100 mm) wide on all other roads. They shall be offset 4 in. (100 mm) to the right of longitudinal pavement joints or divisions between traffic lanes. Normal lane lines shall be marked with white broken lines. White solid lines shall be used to mark lane lines only when specified or directed. (c) Edge lines Edge lines shall be used to outline and separate the edge of pavement from the shoulder. Edge line markings shall be 4 in. (100 mm) in width and shall be placed such that the edge of the marking nearest the edge of the pavement shall be offset 4 in. (100 mm) from the edge of the pavement except as otherwise directed. Right edge lines shall be marked with a white solid line and left edge lines shall be marked with a yellow solid line. (d) Barrier Lines Barrier lines shall be used as specified or directed. Barrier line markings shall be solid lines of the size and color specified or as directed. 808.05 Transverse Markings (a) Transverse marking lines shall be used as specified or directed to delineate channelizing lines, stop lines, crosswalk lines, and parking limit lines. The markings shall consist of all necessary lines, of the width specified or directed and shall be in accordance with the MUTCD. (b) Pavement message marking shall be used as specified or directed for railroad crossing approaches, intersection approaches, crosswalk approaches, handicap parking spaces, and other messages applied

to the pavement with pavement marking material. The markings shall consist of all necessary lines, words, and symbols as specified or directed, and shall be in accordance with the MUTCD. 808.06 Curb Markings Curb markings shall consist of reflectorized paint which shall cover the face and top of the curb. The existing curb and gutter area shall be cleaned of dirt, dust, oil, grease, moisture, curing compound, and unsound layers of other materials before paint is applied to the curb surface. 808.07 Pavement Marking Material Application and Equipment All double line markings, such as a no passing zone or the center line of an undivided multi-lane roadway, shall be applied in one pass. Stop lines and crosswalk lines for new or modernized traffic signal installations shall be durable pavement marking material. For this application, preformed plastic may be used on concrete if permitted by manufacturer’s recommendations. However, for contract completion dates in winter months when conditions do not permit application of durable markings, traffic paint markings may be substituted with an appropriate unit price adjustment if approved by the Engineer. (a) Traffic Paint 1. Application Standard dry and fast dry traffic paint shall be applied only when the pavement temperature is 40°F (5°C) or above. Waterborne traffic paint shall be applied only when the pavement temperature is 50°F (10°C) or above. Standard dry or fast dry traffic paint will only be permitted between October 1 and the following April 30. The wet film thickness of the traffic paint shall be a minimum of 15 mils (380 µm). Painted lines and markings shall be immediately reflectorized by applying glass beads at a uniform minimum rate of 6 lb/gal. (0.7 kg/L) of traffic paint. Painted markings on newly constructed surfaces shall receive two applications of paint and glass beads. The second application shall be applied as soon as practical after the first application dries. 2. Equipment Traffic paint shall be applied with a spray type machine capable of applying the traffic paint under pressure through a nozzle directly onto the pavement. The machine shall be equipped with the following: an air blast device for cleaning the pavement ahead of the painting operation; a guide pointer to keep the machine on an accurate line; at least two spray guns which can be operated individually or simultaneously; paint agitator(s); a control device to maintain uniform flow and application; an automatic device which will provide a broken line of the required length; and an automatic glass bead dispenser which is synchronized with the marking application. When fast drying traffic paint or waterborne traffic paint is used, the machine shall be capable of heating the paint to application temperatures in accordance with 909.05. A brush or small hand propelled machine, designed for that purpose, may be used if approved to apply some painted markings. (b) Durable Pavement Marking Material Durable pavement marking material consists of thermoplastic, preformed plastic, or epoxy. 144

145 1. Thermoplastic a. Application Thermoplastic marking material shall be used on asphalt pavements unless otherwise specified or directed. The pavement surface shall be primed with a binder material in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Thermoplastic marking shall be applied in molten form by spray, extrusion, or ribbon type extrusion airless spray when the pavement temperature is 50°F (10°C) or above. The average thickness of each 36 in. (910 mm) length of thermoplastic marking shall be no less than 3/32 in. (2.5 mm) nor more than 3/16 in. (5 m). Immediately following the application of the thermoplastic markings, additional reflectorization shall be provided by applying glass beads to the surface of the molten material at a uniform minimum rate of 6 lb/100 sq ft (2.9 kg/10 m2) of marking. b. Equipment The machine used for the spray application of thermoplastic markings shall consist of a kettle for melting the material and an applicator for applying the markings. All of the equipment required for preheating and applying the material shall maintain a uniform material temperature within the specified limits, without scorching, discoloring or overheating any portion of the material. The machine shall be equipped with the following: an air blast device for cleaning the pavement ahead of the marking operation; a guide pointer to keep the machine on an accurate line; at least two spray guns which can be operated individually or simultaneously; agitators; a control device to maintain uniform flow and application; an automatic device which will provide a broken line of the required length; and an automatic glass bead dispenser which is synchronized with the marking application. 2. Preformed Plastic a. Application The Contractor shall provide the Department with original copies of all necessary current manufacturer’s installation manuals prior to beginning installation work. No installation work shall begin prior to the Department’s receipt of these manuals. These manuals will become the property of the Department. Preformed plastic shall be applied when the air temperature is a minimum of 60°F (16°C) and rising, and the pavement temperature is a minimum of 70°F (21°C). Preformed plastic shall not be applied if the ambient temperature is expected to drop to below 45°F (7°C) within 24 h after application. The pavement surface shall be primed with a binder material in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. The pavement surface shall be primed prior to the placement of preformed plastic transverse markings. If there is a dispute regarding installation, the manufacturer shall provide a properly trained representative to ensure that the installation is performed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. b. Equipment The equipment for applying preformed plastic, furnished in rolls, shall be a portable hand-propelled machine capable of carrying and applying at least two rolls of 4 in. (100 mm) to 16 in. (50 mm) widths. The machine shall be equipped with a guide pointer to keep the machine on an accurate line. The machine shall also be equipped with guide rollers and a pressure roller. The pressure roller may be a separate unit.

The machine shall feed the marking material from its original carton through the guide rollers and under the pressure roller onto the pavement. The pressure roller shall be a minimum of 2 in. (50 mm) wider than the width of the marking material and shall weigh a minimum of 200 lb (91 kg). The machine shall also be capable of removing the backing paper from the marking material during the application process. Preformed plastic furnished in strip, symbol, or legend form shall be applied with suitable equipment such as hand rollers. 3. Epoxy a. Application Epoxy shall be used on portland cement concrete pavement unless otherwise specified or directed. This material shall be applied only when the pavement temperature is 40°F (5°C) or above. The wet film thickness of the epoxy marking material shall be a minimum of 15 mils (380 µm). Immediately following the application of the epoxy markings, additional reflectorization shall be provided by applying glass beads to the surface of the wet marking at a uniform rate of 20 lb/100 sq ft (9.8 kg/10 m2) of marking. b. Equipment The machine used to apply the epoxy marking material shall precisely meter the two components, produce and maintain the necessary mixing head temperature within the required tolerances, all in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. The machine shall be equipped with a high pressure water blast device ahead of a high pressure air blast device, both as an integral part of the gun carriage, for cleaning the pavement ahead of the marking application. The machine shall also be equipped with the following: a guide pointer to keep the machine on an accurate line; at least two spray guns which can be operated individually or simultaneously; an automatic device which will provide a broken line of the required length; and automatic glass bead dispensers which is synchronized with the marking application. 808.08 Marking Protection and Maintenance of Traffic Protection of the traveling public, of the pavement marking crews, and of the pavement markings shall be provided during the marking operation through the use of proper equipment, traffic control devices, safety devices and proper procedures. Traffic control devices shall be placed in accordance with 107.12. Flaggers shall be provided for traffic control as directed. (a) Vehicle Signs Each vehicle in the marking operation shall display the slow moving vehicle emblem when operating at speeds of 25 mph (40 km/h) or less. The slow moving emblems shall be removed when the vehicles are operating at speeds greater than 25 mph (40 km/h). The paint crew signs shall be 24 in. (600 mm) high by 96 in. (2400 mm) wide, with 12 in. (300 mm) series C black letters on an orange encapsulated lens reflective background. Type A and C flashing arrow signs shall be in accordance with 923.04. (b) Vehicle Warning Lights All amber flashing warning lights and amber strobe lights mounted on vehicles used in the marking operation shall be in accordance with 801.14(d). All vehicles used in the marking operation shall have a minimum of one flashing amber warning light or amber strobe light which is visible in all directions. 146

147 (c) Cones Cones shall be used to protect marking material which requires more than 60 s drying time. Cones shall remain in place until the marking material is dry or firm enough not to track or deform under traffic. Cones shall be removed as soon as possible and shall never be left in place overnight. Edge lines shall not require protection with cones. The maximum spacing of cones shall be as follows: 40 MPH or less Over 40 MPH Broken Lines every line segment every 5th line segment Solid Lines 20 ft to 30 ft (6 m to 9 m) (d) Front Escort Vehicles A front escort vehicle shall be used if the marking vehicle extends across the center line while operating. This front escort vehicle shall be equipped with a forward facing paint crew sign, a rear facing slow moving vehicle emblem, and a red flag mounted at least 10 ft (3 m) above the pavement. (e) Marking Application Vehicles Marking application vehicles such as edge liner or centerliner trucks shall have a rear facing type A or type C flashing arrow sign, an amber flashing warning light mounted near the center of the truck bed and an amber strobe light mounted on each rear corner of the truck bed. The amber flashing warning light and the amber strobe lights shall be mounted on retractable supports and shall be operated at a height of 12 ft (3.7 m) above the pavement unless otherwise directed. (f) Rear Escort Vehicles If cones are not required, a rear escort vehicle shall follow a marking application vehicle at a distance of 100 to 500 ft (30 to 150 m). If an additional rear escort vehicle is required due to drying time or heavy traffic volume, it shall follow the first rear escort vehicle at a maximum distance of 1,000 ft (300 m), and may operate in the travel lane or on the paved shoulder. If cones are required, the cone setting truck shall follow the marking application vehicle and shall be followed by a rear escort vehicle. The cone pick up truck shall be followed by another rear escort vehicle. All rear escort vehicles shall be equipped with a rear facing type C flashing arrow sign mounted above a rear facing paint crew sign. On two-lane two-way roads, this type C flashing arrow sign shall be operated with the arrowhead turned off. The supply truck may be used as a rear escort vehicle providing it is empty and is equipped with the required traffic control devices.

Durable pavement marking material shall be warranted against failure resulting from material defects or method of application. The material shall be warranted to retain its color, reflectivity, adherence to the pavement and shall be free of other obvious defects or failures. All pavement traffic markings which have failed to meet the warranted conditions shall be replaced with no additional payment. For the terms of the warranty a unit shall be defined as a 1,000 ft (305 m) section of line of specified width in any combination or pattern. The warranty period shall be 180 days beginning with the last working day for the total contract as defined in the final acceptance letter, but not prior to November 1 of the calendar year in which the last pavement markings were installed. If more than 3% of a unit or 3% of the total of any one intersection or set of transverse markings fails, the failed portion shall be replaced. All pavement markings required to be replaced under the terms of this warranty shall be replaced within 60 days of the notification of failure. 808.09 Warranty for Durable Pavement Marking Material 148

149 APPENDIX D9 Agency: Maryland State Highway Administration Attached Example(s) of Warranty Specifications: Pavement Marking Material Period Remarks Inlaid Pavement Striping Tape (SECTION 562) 180-day observation period, 5-yr warranty period The specifications discuss materials properties and inlaid application requirements and methods. The specifications cover only longitudinal lines (solid and broken). Materials must be included on a Qualified Products List. A manufacturer’s materials certification must be provided. The contractor must install a quality- control test strip. The contractor is responsible for pavement marking performance during the observation period. The materials manufacturer is responsible for performance during the 5-year warranty period. The contractor’s observation-period responsibilities are described in Section 562.03.01(i). The manufacturer’s warranty-period responsibilities are described in Section 562.03.02.

MARYLAND STATE HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION SPECIAL PROVISIONS CATEGORY 500 PAVING SECTION 562—INLAID PAVEMENT STRIPING TAPE 562.01 DESCRIPTION. This work shall consist of furnishing and applying inlaid pavement striping tape as specified in the Contract Documents and as directed by the Engineer. The materials used shall perform in accordance with the functional requirements. The Manufacture shall warranty the material for a period of five years. 562.02 MATERIALS. Inlaid Pavement Striping Tape Qualified Products List Manufacturer’s Materials Certification shall be provided as specified in TC-1.02. Environmental Requirements. Materials shall not have more than 100ppm lead and other heavy metals total. “Manufacturers are required to certify material is less than 100ppm.” (Please note the NTPEP does not test for heavy metals.) The pavement stripings shall be tested by The National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) North Deck. The Manufacturer shall certify in writing that the pavement striping tape performs as specified in 562.03.02(a), Functional Requirements, for a period of five years. This five year requirement shall begin at the end of the 180 days observation period. 562.03 CONSTRUCTION. 562.03.01 CONTRACTOR’S RESPONSIBILITIES: (a) General. The Contractor shall provide a copy of the manufacturer’s recommendations to the Engineer. Pavement Striping Tape shall be stored and applied per the manufacturer’s recommendations and as directed by the Engineer. On new hot mix asphalt (HMA) projects, the Pavement Striping Tape shall be inlaid into the final HMA surface of the pavement. The tape shall be applied during the final compaction, and rolled into the HMA by the finish roller. The tape shall be applied while the surface temperature is within the manufacturer’s recommended guidelines without disruption to the compaction process. The Engineer will not permit the final course to be placed unless the striping crew and striping materials are at the project site. Pavement Striping Tape shall conform to pavement contours and be resistant to deformation by traffic and damage from snow removal equipment. Surface preparation, use of solvents and primers, and equipment used in the application of Pavement Striping Tape shall conform to the manufacturer’s recommendations and as approved by the Engineer. After striping tape is applied, it shall be immediately ready for traffic. (b) Quality Control/Quality Assurance. Refer to 549.03.01. (c) Cleaning Pavement Surfaces. Refer to 549.03.02. 150

151 (d) Adherence. Adherence of Pavement Striping Tape shall be randomly checked by using a paint scraper or other tool approved by the Engineer, which shall be held nearly parallel with the highway surface. The edge of the material shall be scraped lightly and there shall be no dislodging of the tape. The Engineer shall be notified in advance so as to witness this procedure. Non-conforming material shall be repaired according to the manufacture’s recommendations. (e) Color. The color of the striping shall match Federal Standard 595 (38907—yellow and 37925— white). The Contractor shall supply the specified color chips for the Engineer’s use to visually determine that the striping tapes match the specified color. Striping Tape is discolored when compared visually with the color chips. (f) Film Loss. No exposed substrate is acceptable. (g) Retroreflectance. The functional requirements for retroreflectivity are as listed in Table 1 and Table 2. (h) Quality Control Test Strip. Refer to 549.03.03. (i) Observation Period. The Contractor shall be responsible for any defects in the striping tape and workmanship of the inlaid striping tape for a period of 180 days from the date the striping tape is applied and under traffic. The Engineer will not assess time charges during the observation period provided all other work on the Contract is complete. At the end of the 180 days observation period, the Engineer will inspect the pavement striping tapes for durability, color, and retroreflectivity; and inform the Contractor of any pavement striping that failed and requires replacement. The pavement striping will have failed for any of the following conditions: (1) Film Loss: (a) Solid Longitudinal Line—more than five percent of the substrate is exposed in any 2000 ft section. (b) Broken Line—more than five percent of the substrate is exposed in any 2000 ft section or the loss of two consecutive skips.

(2) Retroreflectance—Values for retroreflectivity both initial and throughout the 180 days observation period are as follows: TABLE 1 (j) Repairs. The Contractor shall remove and replace all failed inlaid striping tape within 30 days of receiving written notification from the Engineer. The failed material shall be replaced at no additional cost to the Administration. Work shall be in conformance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and as approved by the Engineer before the project is accepted. The replacement striping tape shall conform to the same requirements as the original striping tape. If the work is not completed within 30 days, the Engineer will resume time charges until the work is completed and accepted. At the end of the observation period, when the Engineer is satisfied with the quality of the initial and repaired inlaid striping tape, the Engineer will accept the work and terminate the Contractor’s responsibilities. 562.03.02 MANUFACTURER’S RESPONSIBILITIES: (a) Functional Requirements and Certification. The functional requirements are the performance of the material over the period of five years after the end of the 180 days observation period. The Manufacturer’s Certification of Functional Requirements shall begin after the 180 days observation period has ended and the striping is accepted. MINIMUM RETROREFLECTANCE INITIAL AND THROUGHOUT THE 180 DAYS OBSERVATION PERIOD COLOR RETROREFLECTIVITY mcd/lux/m² CORRECTIVE ACTION White 500 or higher Yellow 350 or higher None White 499 or below Yellow 349 or below Removal and Replacement 152

153 The expected performance is as follows: (1) Retroreflectivity. TABLE 2 MINIMUM SUBSEQUENT RETROREFLECTANCE (Five Years) RETROREFLECTIVITY mcd/lux/m² YEARS WHITE YELLOW CORRECTIVE ACTION 1 400 300 2 300 200 3 200 150 4 150 125 Remove and Replace 5 100 100 Replace or Retrace (2) Film Loss: (a) Solid Longitudinal Line—more than five percent of the substrate is exposed in any 2000 ft section. (b) Broken Line—more than five percent of the substrate is exposed in any 2000 ft section or the loss of two consecutive skips. (3) Color - Refer to MSMT 729 test procedure. (b) Warranty. The warranty shall cover the pavement striping materials, the work to replace the striping materials if necessary, and the maintenance of traffic during the reinstallation, all for a period of 5 years. (c) Corrective Actions. If the material fails to meet the Functional Requirements for the specified period, the manufacturer shall provide the necessary replacement material, labor, and equipment to replace or restore the striping tape. The replacement material shall be equal to or better than the original. The replacement material shall conform to these requirements for the entire 5 year time period. The manufacturer shall provide maintenance of traffic as required using the current Maryland Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MdMUTCD) and SHA’s Standards and Specifications, or as directed by the District Engineer while performing corrective actions. (d) Removal. Refer to Section 565.

(e) Response Time. Upon notification of any problems with the stripings, the manufacturer shall have 30 days to respond with a replacement plan and schedule acceptable to the Engineer. Failure to execute the accepted plan within 72 hours will result in a $1,000.00 per day penalty, which will be imposed until compliance. The manufacturer shall provide at his own expense interim stripings until weather is conducive for replacement. (f) Emergency Repair Factors. (1) Striping material is not adhering to pavement. (2) The retroreflectivity is less than acceptable. When the Administration determines that emergency repairs are necessary, the manufacturer shall perform the repairs within 24 hours of notification. When the manufacturer fails to respond within the 24 hour period, the Administration reserves the right to perform the repairs using Administration or contractual forces. The manufacturer shall ensure that all costs incurred shall be reimbursed. (g) Retroreflectance Measurement Procedures. (1) Routine visual inspections will be performed by Administration personnel to monitor the quality of the striping on an annual basis. Areas that appear to be below the minimum retained retroreflectance value will be identified for further investigation in conformance with MSMT 729. (2) When further investigation is required, the Administration will conduct the investigation in conformance with MSMT 729, Nighttime Visibility Evaluation. (3) Subject areas will be jointly reviewed by the manufacturer and the Administration visually at night. (4) When retroreflectivity measurements become necessary to confirm failures, readings will be taken in conformance with MSMT 729. When retroreflectivity is below accepted values as specified in Table 2, the manufacturer shall replace the striping. 562.04 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT. Inlaid Pavement Striping Tape lines will be measured and paid for at the Contract unit price per linear foot for the color and width specified. The payment will be full compensation for all pavement preparation, furnishing and placing of stripes, testing, the Contractor’s 180 days observation period, and for all material, labor, equipment, tools, and incidentals necessary to complete the work. The payment will also be full compensation for the Manufacture’s 5 year material warranty period which shall include the furnishing, removing and replacing defective striping; appropriate maintenance of traffic, and for all material, labor, equipment, tools, and incidentals necessary to complete the work. 154

155 APPENDIX D10 Agency: Missouri Department of Transportation (Contract through Missouri Highways and Transportation Commission) Attached Example(s) of Warranty Specifications: Pavement Marking Material Period Remarks Retroreflective Pavement Marking Tape 4 years The attached document comprises excerpts from the contract between Missouri and 3M for its 380I-WR tape and 380I-5WR contrast tape. 3M serves as the contractor and the materials manufacturer. The scope of work calls for submittal of a work plan for markings application, and details materials performance requirements. The contract covers longitudinal solid and skip lines. Warranty requirements are in Exhibit I, Section (2)(D).

Pavement Marking Material Period Remarks Durable permanent pavement markings in metropolitan areas that meet defined MoDOT performance criteria through a 4- year warranty period 4 years after installation This is a true performance specification in that the overall requirement for durable markings does not specify any particular material. The contractor has “full choice on what material to use to meet the performance criteria.” The successful bid, from which the attached specifications are excerpted, is based upon “a proven, sophisticated, thermosetting hybrid polymer technology saturated with proven reflective media.” The specifications cover longitudinal markings on mainline highway segments, ramps, and turn lanes, and long-line markings within and approaching at- grade crossovers and signalized intersections. Gore markings are included. Intersection markings such as stop bars, turn arrows, and hash marks are not included. The warranted performance is backed by a materials manufacturer that is serving as the prime contractor. The attached documents include relevant excerpts from MoDOT specifications advertised in the bid package, plus modifications contained in the value engineered proposal submitted by the successful materials manufacturing firm acting as prime contractor. Pavement marking performance is expressed in terms of allowable tolerances in marking width and alignment, retroreflectivity, chromaticity, and appearance (covering presence or durability). Performance is evaluated at a minimum following installation (initial evaluation) and annually during years 1 through 4 of the warranty. Payments to the contractor are in 5 steps through the contract period. The contract stipulates maximum percentages of the total contract price to be made for each payment; actual amounts may be adjusted based upon the performance of individual 1.0-mile segments within the contract scope. See contractor’s value-engineered proposal for adjustments to the staged payment schedule (i.e., the annual percentage payments). Contractor must provide a bond covering performance of the work through the term of the contract. If more than 10 percent of pavement markings are determined to have failed during any evaluation period, the contractor is considered to be in default and must respond with a written plan to remedy the failures. 156

157 MISSOURI DOT PAVEMENT MARKING TAPE SPECIFICATION

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159 EXHIBIT I

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177 APPENDIX D11 Agency: Nevada Department of Transportation Attached Example(s) of Warranty Specifications: Pavement Marking Specification Period Remarks General Warranty Requirement Covering Specified Materials 2 years The attached warranty, Section 102.13, is a general material guaranty of performance for the pavement marking materials that are specified for a particular project. (This example is taken from Nevada DOT District One.) The contractor is the party responsible for fulfilling warranty requirements. The warranty is written generally to cover any pavement markings that are included in the project. NEVADA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 102.13 Material Guaranty The successful bidder shall provide a warranty on all pavement marking materials provided under this agreement for a 2-year period from the date of the final acceptance by the Engineer. The successful bidder will maintain the performance bond throughout the installation and warranty period. The day-time and night-time color of the retro-reflective pavement markings materials applied shall be as per ASTM D6628-03, and shall continue to conform with this Specification throughout the 2-year warranty period. The Pavement Markings material shall provide a minimum reflectivity reading of 200 mcd/(m2 lx) for white pavement markings and 200 mcd/(m2 lx) for yellow pavement markings throughout the 2-year warranty period. The successful bidder will replace any pavement markings installed under this agreement that do not meet the above specifications and/or become damaged, discolored, loses either day-time or night-time visibility throughout the life of the warranty period, at no cost to the Nevada Department of Transportation. The contractor shall replace any defective pavement markings within 30-calendar days, as directed by the State of Nevada Department of Transportation District One Engineer. Failure to meet the above specification within 30 calendar days will result in the Department commencing procedures to utilize the performance bond to pay for the replacement of the defective markings. The Engineer will be responsible for the final decision regarding questions concerning the performance of the pavement markings during the warranty period and as to the acceptable fulfillment of the warranty.

APPENDIX D12 Agency: Northwest Territories—Transportation Attached Example(s) of Warranty Specifications: Pavement Marking Material Period Remarks Paint with Reflecting Beads 1 year The warranty for materials and workmanship derives from general conditions that govern all government- sponsored construction work in the Northwest Territories. GC32, Warranty and Rectification of Defects in Work, is excerpted in the attached document. GC32 provides for correction of defects or faults in work that become evident within 12 months of acceptance. Given the harsh winter conditions that realistically limit the expected life of pavement markings, the warranty is rarely invoked. It is viewed as protection to the Government to ensure that work and materials are up to standard and not deficient. Pavement markings are placed on paved roads and chip-seal surfaces, and include single and double lines, solid and broken directional dividing lines, edge lines, lane lines, continuity lines, arrows, gore areas, stop lines, crosswalk areas, railroad crossings, and lines and legends at ferry approaches. The specified painting period is limited to 20-25 days in August. The contractor is the responsible party in fulfilling this warranty. The contractor is not responsible for damage due to normal wear and tear that can be reasonably expected. In this context, winter maintenance operations are considered part of normal wear and tear. Contract documents (not included in the attachment) provide for several quality control mechanisms; for example, a pre-construction meeting, required contractor site visits, a list of Approved Paint Materials, and government-provided storage areas. 178

179 GOVERNMENT OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES (GNWT) TRANSPORTATION Excerpt from contract General Conditions GC32 WARRANTY AND RECTIFICATION OF DEFECTS IN WORK 32.1 Without restricting any warranty or guarantee implied or imposed by law or contained in the Contract Documents, the Contractor shall, at his own expense, rectify and make good any defect or fault that appears in the Work or comes to the attention of the GNWT within 12 months from the date of the Final Certificate of Completion referred to in GC44.1. 32.2 The Engineer may direct the Contractor to rectify and make good any defect or fault referred to in GC32.1 or covered by any other expressed or implied warranty or guarantee. 32.3 A direction referred to in GC32.2 shall be in writing, may include a stipulation in respect of the time within which a defect or fault is required to be rectified and made good by the Contractor, and shall be given to the Contractor in accordance with GC11.3. 32.4 The Contractor shall rectify and make good any defect or fault described in a direction given pursuant to GC32.2 within the time stipulated therein.

APPENDIX D13 Agency: Oregon Department of Transportation Attached Example(s) of Warranty Specifications: Pavement Marking Specification Period Remarks General Language (SECTION 00850) All warranty periods below begin after acceptance of the pavement marking. This section describes general requirements for the range of pavement marking materials used: high- performance markings, methyl methacrylate (MMA), pavement markers, marking paint, marking tape, and thermoplastic. Associated adhesives and reflective elements are also discussed. Pavement marking materials must be selected from the Qualified Products List (QPL). The specifications cover general labor, equipment, materials, and methods requirements. They describe the role and responsibility of a manufacturer’s representative when called for to be onsite during pavement marking installation. They describe manufacturer’s certification of installers when called for in the specific sections below. A pre-striping conference will be held prior to work. A 150-ft test section is required for approval prior to installation of longitudinal markings. Section 00850.75 describes the general warranty requirements. The manufacturer is the party responsible for fulfilling warranty requirements when called for in the sections below. 180

181 Pavement Marking Specification Period Remarks Durable Warranty Requirements, Long Lines (SECTION 00865.75) 3 years: 4 years: For surface-mounted thermoplastic. For other materials and methods in this section. Pavement markings covered by this section require an onsite manufacturer’s representative, manufacturer-certified installers, and a manufacturer’s warranty to meet the specified performance criteria. Methods and materials in this section include the following: Method—Profile: MMA, thermoplastic, 90 or 120 mils; Method—Non-Profile: MMA, thermoplastic, 90 or 120 mils; Method—Inlaid: MMA, thermoplastic, different patterns specified; Method—Profile Wet Weather: thermoplastic, MMA; Method—Non-Profile Wet Weather: thermoplastic, MMA; Method—Spray: MMA, thermoplastic, 90 or 120 mils; Material—Pavement Marking Tape: hot-laid or grooved, different patterns specified. High Performance Marking Warranty Requirements, Long Lines (SECTION 00866.75) 1 year For modified urethane, sprayed (25 mils) or protected inlaid. Pavement markings covered by this section require an onsite manufacturer’s representative, manufacturer-certified installers, and a manufacturer’s warranty to meet the specified performance criteria. Durable Warranty Requirements, Legends, Stop Bars, and Crosswalk Bars (SECTION 00867.75) 18 months For the following materials and methods: liquid, hot-laid thermoplastic; preformed, fused thermoplastic film; cold-applied plastic film (tape); and methyl methacrylate. Pavement markings covered by this section require an onsite manufacturer’s representative and a manufacturer’s warranty to meet the specified performance criteria.

OREGON DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Section 00850—Common Provisions for Pavement Markings Description 00850.00 Scope—This work consists of furnishing, preparing, and installing all forms of pavement markings. Materials 00850.10 Materials—Furnish the following materials from the QPL: • Adhesive for Pavement Markers • High Performance Pavement Markings • Methyl Methacrylate • Pavement Markers • Reflective Elements* • Marking Paint • Marking Tape • Thermoplastic * Reflective elements used with materials other than marking paint are not required to be from the QPL. Use reflective elements according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Equipment 00850.20 Equipment—Use equipment acceptable by the marking material manufacturer for the method specified and the following: (a) Equipment for Pavement Legends and Bars—Use manual or automatic application equipment. (b) Equipment for Longitudinal Lines—Use applicators, sprayers or extruders made specifically for applying the specified pavement marking material at a uniform width and thickness on the roadway surface. Except for tape applications, use automatic bead applicators that place a uniform layer of beads on the line. Use equipment capable of placing two parallel lines simultaneously with variable spacing between the two lines and capable of placing the entire width of a line in one pass. Use a three-gun system for applying sprayed markings. Hand units are allowed for tape applications only. 182

183 (c) Equipment for Inlaid/Grooved Markings—Use grinding equipment with diamond grinding heads and shot-blasting equipment to create a smooth, flat-bottomed cut of uniform depth. Labor 00850.30 Manufacture’s Representative—For Sections referencing 00850.30, provide the services of a manufacturer’s representative on-site during the installation, authorized to sign a warranty on behalf of the manufacturer. 00850.31 Manufacturer-Certified Installers—For Sections referencing 00850.31, provide installers certified by the marking materials manufacturer for the specified marking material and method. Do not begin installation prior to receiving the Engineer’s approval. Construction 00850.40 Projects Without Striping Plans—For projects without striping Supplemental Drawings, replace striping to match existing pavement markings in-kind. Document existing striping by survey according to Special Provision 00305. Submit survey documentation to the Engineer seven calendar days prior to loss of existing pavement markings. 00850.41 Projects With Striping Plans—For projects with striping Supplemental Drawings, install striping as shown. 00850.42 Pre-Striping Conference—Meet with the Engineer and striping subcontractor, if striping is done by a subcontractor, two weeks prior to beginning striping work to discuss methods and practices of accomplishing all required striping work. Submit the following in writing five calendar days before the pre-striping conference for approval: • A striping schedule showing areas and timing of work, and placing of material. • A list of materials proposed for use and the application method. • A copy of the manufacturer’s installation instructions and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). • Proof of installer’s certification for those Sections referencing 00850.31. • Equipment specifications. • A spill recovery plan including: • Name, address, and phone number of the Contractor’s contact with the DEQ. • Name, address, and phone number of the persons certified and on-call to do clean-up. 00850.43 Prepare and Prime Pavement—Prepare pavement surfaces according to the following: • Existing Pavement Surfaces—When required by the pavement marking manufacturer, remove pavement markings from existing pavement surfaces that will adversely affect the bond of new pavement marking material to the roadway surface according to Section 00851. Remove all other contaminants from existing pavement surfaces that may adversely affect the installation of new pavement markings by sandblasting, shot-blasting, or sweeping. Air blast the pavement with a high-pressure system to remove extraneous or loose material.

• New Asphalt Concrete Surfaces—Remove contaminants from new AC surfaces that may adversely affect the installation of the pavement markings by sandblasting, shot-blasting, or sweeping. Air blast the pavement with a high-pressure system to remove extraneous or loose material. Apply materials to new asphalt concrete that is sufficiently cured according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. • New Portland Cement Concrete Surfaces—Remove curing compounds and laitance by an approved mechanical means. Air blast the pavement with a high-pressure system to remove extraneous or loose material. Apply materials to concrete that has reached a minimum compressive strength of 3,000 psi and that is sufficiently cured according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. After the pavement surface is clean and dry, apply primer as recommended by the manufacturer to the area receiving the pavement markings. Apply the primer in a continuous, solid film according to the recommendations of the primer manufacturer and the pavement markings manufacturer. 00850.44 Alignment Layout—Place control points for lines every 50 feet on tangent and every 25 feet on a curve. Using these control points, layout a continuous narrow guideline for each line, along one edge of, or uniformly offset from the intended permanent line location. Do not proceed with installation until the guidelines are approved by the Engineer. For inlaid/grooved markings, indicate the exact grind-out location with a 4 inch wide line as the guideline. For broken lines, lane drop lines, and dotted lines, use 10 feet, 3 feet, and 2 feet long sections respectively, at the cycle length shown. For solid lines, use a continuous line. Use marking paint from the QPL applied at a thickness of 6 mils. Reflective elements are not required. 00850.45 Installation—Apply pavement marking materials to clean dry pavement surfaces and according the following: • Place material according to the manufacture’s recommendations. • Place parallel double lines in one pass. • Place the specified width of lines in one pass. • The pavement surface shall not be visible in the striped areas. • The top of pavement marking shall be smooth and uniform. • Skip line ends shall be square and clean. • Place pavement marking lines parallel and true to line. • Place skip lines so that they are in cycle with at least one end of any adjacent project. • Place markings in proper alignment with existing markings. • Immediately clean up marking material dribbled beyond the cutoff. For inlaid/grooved markings, grind the slot as shown. For each grinder operator and piece of equipment, obtain the Engineer’s and manufacturer representative’s approval of the slot within the first 150 feet for solid lines and within the first 300 feet for skip lines. Do not proceed with grinding until the slot is approved. Repeat this process for each new grinder operator or new piece of equipment used. 184

185 After grinding, obtain the Engineer’s and manufacturer representative’s approval before placing marking material. Clean the slot by shot blasting. Remove metal shot-blasting residue by magnetic sweeping, and clean the area with high pressure air immediately before placing the marking material. 00850.46 Placement Tolerance—Allowable tolerances for installation are: • Lateral location on roadway: 1/2 inch on tangents; 1 inch on curves • 40 foot skip cycle length: ±2 inches for skip length, ±2 inches for gap length • 12 foot skip cycle length: ± 3/4inch for skip length, ±1 inches for gap length • 8 foot skip cycle length: ±1/2 inch for skip length, ±3/4 inches for gap length • Skip Cycle: A tolerance of 1/10 of the skip line length on the first skip line of a run, but it shall be on cycle within one skip • Double lines: Parallel, with a gap tolerance of ±1/2 inch • Width of lines: +3/8 inch, –1/16 inch • Thickness of lines: +5 mils, –3 mils • Divergence of parallel double lines: ±3/8 inch 00850.47 Quality Control—Record the following readings for each type and color of marking material and the locations where they were taken. Submit the results to the Agency within one day of taking the readings. (a) Placement Tolerances—Measure the following at the time of installation or application: • For inlaid/grooved markings, measure the depth of the slot every 300 feet. • For surface applied markings, except paint and tape applications, measure the thickness of the lines, at 300 foot intervals. Thickness is measured from the top of the pavement marking to the top of the wearing surface. Marking material placed in a depression left by pavement line removal will not be included in measuring the thickness of the line. (b) Curing of Material—Rate the line, markings, and pavement marker adhesive at the time of installation and 14 calendar days after placement to determine if the material has properly cured. Note any soft spots, abnormally darkened areas, or other indications that the line has not properly cured. (c) Retroreflectivity—Use a retroreflectometer to measure the retroreflectivity within 48 hours of curing and 14 calendar days after placement, except for paint applications: • At 300 foot intervals for longitudinal lines. • At each pavement legend/bar. Take ten individual readings per pavement legend/bar. If the Project has more than ten pavement legend/bars, measure a minimum of ten legends/bars or 10% of the total number of legends/bars, whichever is greater. The legends to be measured will be selected by the Engineer. • Estimate the bead embedment depth for longitudinal lines and pavement legends/bars at the same location as the retroreflectivity reading.

Temporary 00850.50 General—Protect all applied markings from traffic until sufficiently cured so as not to be damaged or tracked by traffic movements. Finishing and Clean-up 00850.70 Disposal of Waste—Waste material becomes the property of the Contractor at the point or origin. This includes all grindings and all removed marking material. Dispose of waste according to 00290.20. 00850.71 Removal and Repair of Unacceptable Work—Remove unacceptable materials according to Section 00851. If more than one repair is required in a single 300 foot section, grind and repair the entire 300 foot section. 00850.75 Manufacturer’s Warranty—For Sections referencing 00850.75, furnish a Warranty from the manufacture signed by the manufacture’s representative. The Warranty period will start on the date the Engineer accepts the work and authorizes final payment [i.e., payment for this Specific Bid Item, not necessarily for the entire project] (clarification provided by Oregon DOT on 12-02-2008, not yet incorporated formally in specification). The Warranty shall recite that the manufacturer will repair or replace, at the discretion of the Engineer and at no additional cost to the Agency, all pavement markings that drop below the minimum required retroreflectivity, show insufficient color stability, or fail to bond, within 6 months of the Agency’s request to do so. Perform Warranty repair work when weather permits. At the discretion of the Agency, temporary pavement markings may be required, at the manufacturer’s expense, to protect traffic until repairs can be made. When the Agency makes a written request to the manufacturer for repair or replacement, the Warranty period will stop until the required repairs or replacements are made and accepted. 186

187 APPENDIX D14 Agency: Texas Department of Transportation Attached Example(s) of Warranty Specifications: Pavement Marking Period Remarks Longitudinal Prefabricated Pavement Markings (PPM) (SPECIAL SPECIFICATION 6986) 6 years after acceptance Specifications describe the scope of work, materials and equipment requirements, application and performance evaluation methods, and pavement marking performance requirements. Specifications require a 6-year manufacturer’s warranty bond, under which the manufacturer is responsible for meeting warranty performance requirements. Alternately, the contractor may provide a warranty bond that meets all requirements, in which case the contractor is the warrantor. Extreme wear at intersections, damage due to snow and ice removal, and premature pavement failure are considered examples of “outside causes.” If the TxDOT Engineer determines that outside causes are responsible for pavement marking damage, such damage is not subject to the warranty’s replacement provisions. Multipolymer Pavement Markings (MPM) (SPECIAL SPECIFICATION 6153) 3 years after acceptance Specifications describe the scope of work, materials and equipment requirements, application and performance evaluation methods, and pavement marking performance requirements. Specifications require a 3-year manufacturer’s warranty bond, under which the manufacturer is responsible for meeting warranty performance requirements. Alternately, the contractor may provide a warranty bond that meets all requirements, in which case the contractor is the warrantor. Warranty provisions apply to longitudinal lines only. Transverse and gore markings, symbols, and words/ legends are excluded from warranty coverage. The TxDOT Engineer may exclude MPM from the warranty’s replacement provisions if damage is determined to be from outside causes; for example, extreme wear at intersections, damage due to snow and ice removal, and premature pavement failure.

Pavement Marking Period Remarks Raised Pavement Markers (RPMs) (SPECIAL SPECIFICATION 6152) 1 year Specifications describe the scope of work, materials and equipment requirements, application and performance evaluation methods, and pavement marking performance requirements. Specifications require a 1-year manufacturer’s warranty bond, under which the manufacturer is responsible for meeting warranty performance requirements. Alternately, the contractor may provide a warranty bond that meets all requirements, in which case the contractor is the warrantor. The evaluation of RPM performance proceeds in the following stages: Initial acceptance, as of the end of each month, of all passing RPMs installed that month, and at final job acceptance; A 60-day performance period; and A 1-year warranty period. During the performance period, RPM performance is evaluated visually in terms of retroreflectivity and missing markers. During the warranty period, RPM performance is evaluated visually in terms of retroreflectivity. The warranty does not cover replacement of missing markers. The TxDOT Engineer may exclude RPMs from the replacement provisions of the warranty or performance periods if damage is determined to be from outside causes; for example, extreme wear at intersections, damage due to snow and ice removal, and premature pavement failure. 188

189 2004 Specifications SPECIAL SPECIFICATION 6986 Longitudinal Prefabricated Pavement Markings (PPM) with Warranty 1. Description. Furnish and place longitudinal PPM as shown on the plans. Provide a manufacturer’s warranty bond for a 6 year period. The Department will allow a Contractor provided warranty bond in lieu of the manufacturer’s bond if all conditions of the manufacturer’s warranty including the requirements of this Item are met. In such case, the Contractor is responsible for meeting the warranty requirements. Use the form provided by the Department. The Department will allow substitution of a contractor’s bond with a manufacturer’s bond after execution of the Contract prior to final acceptance. 2. Materials. Use pavement markings that meet the requirements of Type B in DMS-8240, “Permanent Prefabricated Pavement Markings,” and that are shown on the Material Producer List (MPL) entitled “Pavement Markings (Permanent, Prefabricated)”maintained by the Department. 3. Equipment. Provide equipment as required or directed according to the following (The provider of the warranty bond is responsible for providing equipment during the warranty period unless otherwise shown on the plans.): A. Preparation and Application. Use equipment designed for the pavement preparation and application of the type of PPM material selected. B. Colorimeter. Provide a colorimeter using 45°/0° geometry CIE, D65 Illuminant, 2° standard observation angle meeting the requirements of ASTM E 1347, E 1348, or E1349. C. Retroreflectometer. Unless otherwise shown on the plans, provide a portable or mobile retroreflectometer meeting the following requirements. 1. Portable Retroreflectometer. Provide a portable retroreflectometer that meets the requirements of ASTM E 1710. 2. Mobile Retroreflectometer. Provide a mobile retroreflectometer that: - is approved by the Construction Division (CST) and certified by the Texas Transportation Institute Mobile Retroreflectometer Certification Program for project evaluation of retroreflectivity - is calibrated daily, before measuring retroreflectivity on any pavement stripe, with a portable retroreflectometer meeting the following requirements: ASTM E 1710, entrance angle of 88.76°, observation angle of 1.05°, and an accuracy of ±15%; - requires no traffic control when retroreflectivity measurements are taken and is capable of taking continuous readings at or near posted speeds Furnish mobile retroreflectivity measurements in compliance with Special Specification 6629 “Mobile Retroreflectivity Data Collection for Pavement Markings” unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. The Engineer may require an occasional field comparison check with a portable retroreflectometer meeting the requirements listed above to insure accuracy.

A. General. Prepare the pavement surface using controlled techniques that minimize pavement damage and hazards to the traveling public. Apply the PPM materials, according to the manufacturer’s recommendations, using widths, colors, shapes, and at locations as shown on the plans. Obtain approval for the sequence of work and estimated daily production. Use traffic control as shown on the plans or as approved. Establish guides to mark the lateral location of pavement markings as shown on the plans or as directed, and have guide locations verified. Use material for guides that will not leave a permanent mark on the roadway. Apply markings in alignment with the guides and without deviating for the alignment more than 1 in. per 200 ft. of roadway or more than 2 in. maximum. Remove all applied markings that are not in alignment or sequence as stated in the plans or as stated in the specifications at the Contractor’s expense and in accordance with Item 677, “Eliminating Existing Pavement Markings and Markers,” except for measurement and payment. B. Initial Performance Requirements. Meet Article 5, “Performance Requirements” initially, after installation. The Engineer will conduct visual performance evaluations of PPM. For markings that do not meet the Engineer’s visual performance evaluation, the Contractor may present test results for color (using a colorimeter), retroreflectivity (using a retroreflectometer in accordance with this Item), and durability (in accordance with ASTM D 913) for the Engineer’s use in making acceptance or rejection decisions. For PPM not meeting performance requirements, repair or replace until reevaluation shows the PPM meet the performance requirements as approved by the Engineer. C. Written Acceptance. The Department will provide written acceptance after the Contractor meets the initial performance requirements. This written acceptance (see attached sample form) will include the date, location, length, and type of PPM. 5. Performance Requirements. A. Color. Provide PPM consisting of pigments blended to provide color conforming to highway colors as shown in Table 1. Table 1 Color Requirements Chromaticity Coordinates 1 2 3 4 Federal 595 Color x y x y x y x y Brightness (Y) White 17855 .290 .315 .310 .295 .350 .340 .330 .360 60 min Yellow 33538 .470 .455 .510 .489 .490 .432 .537 .462 30 min Black 5 max B. Retroreflectivity. Provide PPM for longitudinal markings meeting the minimum retroreflectivity values listed in Table 2. 4. Construction. 190

191 Table 2 Minimum Retroreflectivity Requirements Color Retroreflectivity, mcd/m2/lx, Min White 120 Yellow 120 C. Durability. Provide PPM that do not lose more than 5% of the striping material in a 1,000-ft section of continuous stripe or broken stripe (25 broken stripes). Pavement markings must remain in the proper alignment and location. D. Performance Evaluation Procedures. Provide traffic control and conduct evaluations of color, retroreflectivity, and durability as required or directed. 1. Color. Measure color using 45°/0° geometry CIE, D65 Illuminant, 2° standard observation angle in accordance with ASTM E 1347, E 1348, or E 1349. 2. Retroreflectivity. Unless otherwise shown on the plans, conduct retroreflectivity evaluations of pavement markings with either a portable or mobile retroreflectometer. Make all measurements in the direction of traffic flow, except for broken centerline on 2-way roadways, where measurements will be made in both directions. If using a portable retroreflectometer, take a minimum of 1 measurement every mile on each series of markings (i.e., edge line, center skipline, each line of a double line, etc.), at locations approved by the Engineer. If more than 1 measurement is taken, average the measurements. For all markings measured in both directions, take a minimum of 1 measurement in each direction. If the measurement taken on a specific series of markings within each mile segment falls below the minimum retroreflectivity values, take a minimum of 5 more measurements at locations determined by the Engineer within that mile segment for that series of marking. If the average of these 5 measurements falls below the minimum retroreflectivity requirements, that mile segment of the applied markings does not meet the performance requirement. If using a mobile retroreflectometer, review the results to determine deficient sections and deficient areas of interest. These areas do not meet the performance requirements. 3. Durability. Measure durability in accordance with ASTM D 913 for marking material loss and visual inspection for alignment and location. Conduct evaluations at locations approved by the Engineer. 6. Warranty Requirements. Each warranty period is for 6 yr. and starts the day after written acceptance. The marking warrantor is responsible for meeting Article 5, “Performance Requirements” for the duration of the warranty period. During the warranty period, the Engineer will conduct periodic visual performance evaluations of PPM. For retroreflectivity the Engineer will use Tex-828-B, “Determining Functional Characteristics of Pavement Markings.” The warrantor may be present during these evaluations. For areas, which, in the opinion of the Engineer, have a questionable visual evaluation, the warrantor may replace the PPM or may conduct a performance evaluation for the performance requirement in question, according to

Section 5.D, “Performance Evaluation Procedures.” Conduct retroreflectivity evaluations according to Section 5.D.2, “Retroreflectivity,” using either portable or mobile retroreflectometer unless otherwise shown on the plans. The warrantor is responsible for traffic control when conducting performance evaluations. The warrantor will replace PPM that fails to meet the color, retroreflectivity, or durability performance requirements during the warranty period. Replace PPM that fails to meet the performance requirements within 30 days of notification. All replacement PPM must meet the materials and performance requirements of this specification, under the following conditions to complete the warranty period: If the longitudinal PPM fails to meet the performance requirements in Article 5 in Years 1 through 4, use materials meeting Type B requirements of specification DMS-8240. If the longitudinal PPM fails to meet the performance requirements in Article 5 in Years 5 or 6, use materials that meet DMS-8240 (Type A or B) or on the MPL entitled “Pavement Markings (Multipolymer),” to meet the performance requirements of Article 5. The end of the warranty period does not relieve the warrantor from the performance deficiencies requiring corrective action identified during the warranty period. The Engineer may exclude PPM from the replacement provisions of the warranty period, provided the Engineer determines that the failure is a result of outside causes rather than defective material. Examples of outside causes are extreme wear at intersections, damage by snow or ice removal, and premature pavement failure. Provide a contact person, address and telephone number for notification of needed PPM replacement. 7. Measurement. This Item will be measured by the foot or by any other unit shown on the plans. Each stripe will be measured separately. This is a plans quantity measurement Item. The quantity to be paid is the quantity shown in the proposal unless modified by Article 9.2, “Plans Quantity Measurement.” Additional measurements or calculations will be made if adjustments of quantities are required. 8. Payment. The work performed and materials furnished in accordance with this Item and measured as provided under “Measurement” will be paid for at the unit price bid for “Longitudinal Prefabricated Pavement Markings (PPM) with Warranty” of the color, shape and width, specified as applicable, at the time of project acceptance. This price is full compensation for materials, application of longitudinal PPM, testing, warranty work, equipment, labor, tools, and incidentals. 192

193 2004 Specifications SPECIAL SPECIFICATION 6153 Multipolymer Pavement Markings (MPM) with Warranty 1. Description. Furnish and place MPM as shown on the plans. Provide a manufacturer’s warranty bond for longitudinal lines for a 3 year period. The Department will allow a Contractor provided warranty bond in lieu of the manufacturer’s bond if all conditions of the manufacturer’s warranty including the requirements of this Item are met. In such case, the Contractor is responsible for the meeting the warranty requirements. Use the form provided by the Department. 2. Materials. A. Multipolymer Pavement Marking Materials. Use materials that produce an adherent, retroreflective pavement marking system that meets all of the performance requirements of this Item. Use materials that do not result in the generation of any hazardous materials/wastes, as defined in Article 1.58, “Hazardous Materials or Waste,” during application or removal. If requested, provide a laboratory report from a commercial laboratory indicating material used does not result in the generation of any hazardous materials/wastes, as defined in Article 1.58, during application or removal. Use a multipolymer resin material, which is: • 2-component (a predominantly multipolymer pigmented resin component with a curing agent component); • 100% solids, producing no toxic fumes when heated to application temperature; • track-free in less than 40 min.; and • formulated and tested to perform as a pavement marking material with glass spheres applied to the surface. Before work begins, provide a laboratory report from an independent testing laboratory showing that the initial color of each material selected for use conforms to the color limits set forth in Table 1, measured by 45°/0° geometry CIE, D65 Illuminant, 2° standard observation angle in accordance with ASTM E 1347, E 1348, or E 1349. B. Non-Reflectorized Contrast or Shadow Markings. The marking material used for the contrast or shadow marking must conform to the same formulation, material, prequalification and sampling requirements with the exception of the following items: • color pigment used; • glass spheres must be replaced with a black, color-fast, anti-skid material. Before work begins, provide a laboratory report from an independent testing laboratory showing that the initial color of each material selected for use conforms to the color limits set forth in

Table 1, measured by 45°/0° geometry CIE, D65 Illuminant, 2° standard observation angle in accordance with ASTM E 1347, E 1348, or E 1349. 3. Equipment. Provide equipment as required or directed according to the following (The provider of the warranty bond is responsible for providing equipment during the warranty period unless otherwise shown on the plans.): A. Preparation and Application. Use equipment designed for the pavement preparation and application of the type of MPM material selected. B. Colorimeter. Provide a colorimeter using 45°/0° geometry CIE, D65 Illuminant, 2° standard observation angle meeting the requirements of ASTM E 1347, E 1348, or E 1349. C. Retroreflectometer. Unless otherwise shown on the plans, provide a portable or mobile retroreflectometer meeting the following requirements. 1. Portable Retroreflectometer. Provide a portable retroreflectometer that meets the requirements of ASTM E 1710. 2. Mobile Retroreflectometer. Provide a mobile retroreflectometer that: • is approved by the Construction Division (CST) for project evaluation of retroreflectivity, which will include taking a set of readings on stripes designated by CST and comparing them with the readings of a portable retroreflectometer provided by CST; • is calibrated daily, before measuring retroreflectivity on any pavement stripe, with a portable retroreflectometer meeting the following requirements: ASTM E 1710, entrance angle of 88.76°, observation angle of 1.05°, and an accuracy of ±15%; • requires no traffic control when retroreflectivity measurements are taken and is capable of taking continuous readings at or near posted speeds; and • documents mobile retroreflectometer evaluations, showing average retroreflectivity values for each 0.25 mi. section, or the area of concern if it is less than 0.25 mi., with all deficient sections clearly marked. 4. Construction. A. General. Prepare the pavement surface using controlled techniques that minimize pavement damage and hazards to the traveling public. Apply the MPM materials, according to the manufacturer’s recommendations, using widths, colors, shapes, and at locations as shown on the plans. Obtain approval for the sequence of work and estimated daily production. Use traffic control as shown on the plans or as approved. Establish guides to mark the lateral location of pavement markings as shown on the plans or as directed, and have guide locations verified. Use material for guides that will not leave a permanent mark on the roadway. Apply markings in alignment with the guides and without deviating for the alignment more than 1 in. per 200 ft. of roadway or more than 2 in. maximum. Remove all applied markings that are not in alignment or sequence as stated in the plans or as stated in the specifications at the Contractor’s expense and in accordance with Item 677, “Eliminating Existing Pavement Markings and Markers,” except for measurement and payment. 194

195 B. Initial Performance Requirements. Meet Article 5, “Performance Requirements” initially, after installation. Perform an initial performance evaluation after 7 and before 15 days after MPM are installed to verify that the MPM meet the performance requirements in Article 5 for retroreflectivity. Conduct initial retroreflectivity evaluations of placed pavement markings with either a portable or mobile retroreflectometer, unless otherwise shown on the plans, according to Section 5.D.2, “Retroreflectivity.” The Contractor is responsible for traffic control when conducting performance evaluations. For color and durability, the Engineer will conduct a visual evaluation and require Contractor testing only if MPM do not appear to meet the performance requirements in Article 5. For MPM not meeting performance requirements, repair or replace until reevaluation shows the MPM meet the performance requirements as approved by the Engineer. C. Written Acceptance. The Department will provide written acceptance after the Contractor meets the initial performance requirements. This written acceptance (see attached sample form) will include the date, location, length, and type of MPM. 5. Performance Requirements. A. Color. Provide MPM consisting of pigments blended to provide color conforming to standard highway colors as shown in Table 1. Table 1 Color Requirements Chromaticity Coordinates 1 2 3 4 Federal 595 Color x y x y x y x y Brightness (Y) White 17855 .290 .315 .310 .295 .350 .340 .330 .360 60 min Yellow 33538 .470 .455 .510 .489 .490 .432 .537 .462 30 min Black 5 max B. Retroreflectivity. Provide MPM meeting the minimum retroreflectivity values listed in Table 2. Table 2 Minimum Retroreflectivity Requirements Color Retroreflectivity, mcd/m2/lx, Min White 175 Yellow 125 C. Durability. Provide MPM that do not lose more than 5% of the striping material in a 1,000-ft section of continuous stripe or broken stripe (25 broken stripes). Pavement markings must remain in the proper alignment and location.

D. Performance Evaluation Procedures. Provide traffic control and conduct evaluations of color, retroreflectivity, and durability as required or directed. 1. Color. Measure color using 45°/0° geometry CIE, D65 Illuminant, 2° standard observation angle in accordance with ASTM E 1347, E 1348, or E 1349. 2. Retroreflectivity. Unless otherwise shown on the plans, conduct retroreflectivity evaluations of pavement markings with either a portable or mobile retroreflectometer. Make all measurements in the direction of traffic flow, except for broken centerline on 2-way roadways, where measurements will be made in both directions. If using a portable retroreflectometer, take a minimum of 1 measurement every mile on each series of markings (i.e., edge line, center skipline, each line of a double line, etc.), at locations approved by the Engineer. If more than 1 measurement is taken, average the measurements. For all markings measured in both directions, take a minimum of 1 measurement in each direction. If the measurement taken on a specific series of markings within each mile segment falls below the minimum retroreflectivity values, take a minimum of 5 more measurements within that mile segment for that series of marking. If the average of these 5 measurements falls below the minimum retroreflectivity requirements, that mile segment of the applied markings does not meet the performance requirement. If using a mobile retroreflectometer, review the results to determine deficient sections and deficient areas of interest. These areas do not meet the performance requirements. 3. Durability. Measure durability in accordance with ASTM D 913 for marking material loss and visual inspection for alignment and location. Conduct evaluations at locations approved by the Engineer. 6. Warranty Requirements. The warranty requirements apply to the longitudinal lines only. Transverse and gore markings, symbols, words, etc. will not require warranty. Each warranty period is for 3 yr. and starts the day after written acceptance. The warrantor is responsible for meeting Article 5, “Performance Requirements” for the duration of the warranty period. During the warranty period, the Engineer will conduct periodic visual performance evaluations of MPM. For retroreflectivity, the Engineer will use Tex-828-B, “Determining Functional Characteristics of Pavement Markings.” The warrantor may be present during these evaluations. For areas, which, in the opinion of the Engineer, have a questionable visual evaluation, the warrantor may replace the MPM or may conduct a performance evaluation for the performance requirement in question, according to Section 5.D, “Performance Evaluation Procedures.” Conduct retroreflectivity evaluations according to Section 5.D.2, “Retroreflectivity,” using either portable or mobile retroreflectometer unless otherwise shown on the plans. The warrantor is responsible for traffic control when conducting performance evaluations. The warrantor will replace MPM that fails to meet the color, retroreflectivity, or durability performance requirements during the warranty period. Within 15 days after notification place new markings in accordance with Article 4, “Construction.” 196

197 All replacement MPM must meet the materials and performance requirements of this specification. The end of the warranty period does not relieve the warrantor from the performance deficiencies requiring corrective action identified during the warranty period. The Engineer may exclude MPM from the replacement provisions of the warranty period, provided the Engineer determines that the failure is a result of outside causes rather than defective material. Examples of outside causes are extreme wear at intersections, damage by snow or ice removal, and premature pavement failure. Provide a contact name, address and telephone number for notification of needed MPM replacement. 7. Measurement. This Item will be measured by the foot; by each word, symbol, or shape; or by any other unit shown on the plans. Each stripe will be measured separately. This is a plans quantity measurement Item. The quantity to be paid is the quantity shown in the proposal unless modified by Article 9.2, “Plans Quantity Measurement.” Additional measurements or calculations will be made if adjustments of quantities are required. 8. Payment. The work performed and materials furnished in accordance with this Item and measured as provided under “Measurement” will be paid for at the unit price bid for “Multipolymer Pavement Markings (MPM) with Warranty” of the type and color specified and the shape, width, and size specified as applicable, at the time of project acceptance. This price is full compensation for materials, application of MPM, equipment, labor, tools, and incidentals.

2004 Specifications SPECIAL SPECIFICATION 6152 Raised Pavement Markers (RPMs) with Warranty 1. Description. Furnish and place RPMs as shown on the plans. Provide a manufacturer’s warranty bond for RPMs for a 1 year period. The Department will allow a Contractor provided warranty bond in lieu of the manufacturer’s bond if all conditions of the manufacturer’s warranty including the requirements of this Item are met. In such case, the Contractor is responsible for the meeting the warranty requirements. Use the form provided by the Department. 2. Materials. Furnish RPMs that meet DMS-4200, “Pavement Markers (Reflectorized),” and are on the Material Producer List. Furnish the same model RPMs for each type from the same manufacturer. Use adhesive approved by the RPM manufacturer. 3. Construction. Remove existing RPMs in accordance with Item 677, “Eliminating Existing Pavement Markings and Markers,” except for measurement and payment. Install RPMs in accordance with RPM manufacturer’s recommendations. Place RPMs on new asphalt concrete or surface treatment only after the new surface has aged at least 14 days. Establish pavement marking guides to mark the lateral location of RPMs as shown on the plans and as directed. Do not make permanent marks on the roadway for the guides. Place the RPMs in proper alignment with the guides. Acceptable placement deviations are shown on the plans. Remove RPMs placed out of alignment or sequence as shown on the plans or stated in this Specification at the Contractor’s expense, in accordance with Item 677, except for measurement and payment. Remove and replace all RPMs failing to meet the visual evaluations as determined by the Engineer. Install each replacement RPM in front of and in alignment with the original RPM. Patch each hole left by the missing original RPM with an approved material at the time of RPM replacement. The Department will provide written acceptance as of the last calendar day of each month for RPMs installed that month and at final job acceptance for any remaining installed RPMs. This written acceptance (see attached sample form) will include the date, location, and quantity of markers accepted each month. 4. Visual Evaluations. The Department will use the following visual evaluations to measure the performance of installed RPMs: A. Retroreflectivity of RPMs. The Department will perform night retroreflectivity evaluations using a passenger vehicle with the headlights set on low beam. The RPMs within the range of the headlights must appear reflective. For RPMs initially installed at: 198

199 • 80-ft. spacing, a minimum of 4 RPMs must be retroreflective and • 40-ft. spacing, a minimum of 8 RPMs must be retroreflective. The Engineer may make exceptions where road geometry affects RPM visibility. The evaluation may include a videotape recording to be used for additional review and documentation of performance. Upon request, the Engineer will allow a Contractor or manufacturer representative to accompany the Engineer on subsequent evaluations when RPMs do not appear to meet the retroreflectivity requirements. B. Missing RPMs. The Department will perform visual evaluations to determine if RPMs are missing. Upon request, the Engineer will allow a Contractor representative to accompany the Engineer on subsequent evaluations for missing RPMs. The Engineer may exclude RPMs from the replacement provisions of the performance or warranty periods, provided the Engineer determines that the failure is a result of outside causes rather than defective material. Examples of outside causes are extreme wear at intersections, damage by snow or ice removal, and premature pavement failure. 5. Performance Period. Provide a 60-day performance period that begins the day following written acceptance. Replace all RPMs failing to meet Article 4, “Visual Evaluations” during the performance period and within 15 days after notification following the procedures in Article 3, “Construction.” The end of the performance period does not relieve the Contractor from the performance deficiencies requiring corrective action identified during the performance period. Provide a contact name, address and phone number for notification of needed RPM replacement. 6. Warranty Period. The warrantor must provide a warranty bond on the form provided and approved by the Department. (See the attached bond form.) The warrantor warranty period is for 1-yr. and starts the day after the performance period ends. The warrantor will replace any RPMs that fail to meet Section 4. A, “Retroreflectivity of RPMs” during the warranty period and within 15 days after notification following the procedures in Article 3, “Construction.” The end of the warranty period does not relieve the warrantor from the performance deficiencies requiring corrective action identified during the warranty period. Each manufacturer’s warranty does not include replacement of missing RPMs. Provide a contact name, address and phone number for notification of needed RPM replacement. 7. Measurement. This Item will be measured by each RPM. This is a plans quantity measurement Item. The quantity to be paid is the quantity shown in the proposal, unless modified by Section 9.2, “Plans Quantity Measurement.” Additional measurements or calculations will be made if adjustments are required.

8. Payment. The work performed and materials furnished in accordance with this Specification and measured as provided under “Measurement” will be paid for at the unit price bid for “Raised Pavement Markers (RPMs) with Warranty” of the types specified. This price is full compensation for removing existing markers; furnishing and installing warranted RPMs and meeting the performance period requirements; providing a warranty bond; and equipment, materials, labor, tools, and incidentals. Payment for “Raised Pavement Markers (RPMs) with Warranty” will be handled in the following manner: A. Initial Payment. When RPM installations receive written acceptance, 80% of the bid price for RPMs of the type specified for that installation will be paid. B. Final Payment. At the completion of all performance periods and the replacement of all RPMs identified during the performance periods that failed to meet the visual evaluations, an additional 20% of the bid price for RPMs of the type specified will be paid. 200

201 APPENDIX D15 Agency: West Virginia Department of Transportation Attached Example(s) of Warranty Specifications: Pavement Marking Period Remarks Medium-Life Pavement Marking System 1 year The attached document is a sample contract containing specifications for “medium-life” pavement markings capable of providing at least one year of continuous performance. Short-duration products including solvent-borne paint, methyl methacrylate, and chlorinated rubber will not be approved. This is a true performance specification in that the overall requirement for a medium-life pavement marking system does not specify any particular material. Required aspects of marking application, materials properties, equipment capabilities, and so forth are specified. Pavement marking performance criteria include retroreflectivity, durability, and color retention. The required period of performance is delimited by specific calendar dates in the contract. Snowplow damage is considered normal wear and tear within the contract; thus, contractors would normally be responsible for repairs under the warranty. However, a discussion with WVDOT staff indicates that in exceptionally bad winters, the contractor may not be held responsible for resulting damage to pavement markings. Quality control mechanisms include a Pre- Construction Conference, letters of certification from the materials manufacturer and the contractor regarding suitability of the proposed materials, manufacturer certification of the contractor as installer, and appointment of a contractor’s Project Control Coordinator (PCC) to oversee quality control. Contractor’s failure to complete repairs of deficient markings within the specified period will cause the contractor to be subject to liquidated damages.

WEST VIRGINIA DOT GOVERNING SPECIFICATIONS: The West Virginia Division of Highway’s Standard Specifications for Roads and Bridges, adopted 2000, Supplemental Specifications dated January 1, 2003, Standard Details Book, Volume 2, dated January 1, 1994, the Contract documents and the Contract Plans are the governing provisions applicable to this project. MATERIALS: The pavement marking material shall be formulated as a medium-life pavement marking system capable of providing a minimum of one year of continuous performance. Solvent born paint, methyl methacrylate, chlorinated rubber, or other short duration products will not be approved. The successful Contractor may employ only one (1) paint scheme per Contract unless otherwise directed by the Director of the WVDOH Traffic Engineering Division (a paint scheme consisting of one particular binder, bead type(s), application rate and associated tolerances as specified by the manufacturer). However, the Contractor may utilize any paint scheme on call backs associated with failed pavement markings. There shall be no materials lab testing associated with the warranted pavement marking scheme, but the binder and bead type(s), application rate, and all other particulars shall be provided to the Engineer at the Pre-Construction Conference and a letter of certification from the manufacturer and contractor stating the materials to be used meet the materials specifications set forth in this contract. The Contractor shall not place any pavement markings prior to April 15, 2008. The contract inception date shall be April 15, 2008 for calculating liquated damages. The Contractor shall provide a pavement marking system to meet the following performance requirements: Color determination will be made at any point in time within the contract date. If not a visual match, the diffused day color of the marking shall conform to the following CIE Chromaticity coordinates limits: Table 1 CIE CHROMATICITY COORDINATE LIMITS Color Reflectance Limits 1 2 3 4 Y (%) x y x y x y x y min max White 0.480 0.410 0.430 0.380 0.405 0.405 0.455 0.435 80.0 — Yellow 0.575 0.425 0.508 0.415 0.473 0.453 0.510 0.490 50.0 60.0 The color shall show no appreciable discoloration due to aging during the life of this contract. Pavement markings shall be visually checked by the Engineer at any time during the life of this contract. Additionally, the Engineer may at any time during the life of this contract use a portable color meter to determine if the markings have faded or darkened beyond the CIE Chromaticity Coordinate Limits. RETROREFLECTIVITY/CONSTRUCTION: 202

203 The pavement marking system installed shall at all times during the life of this contract maintain a minimum reflectance value of 200 MCD/M2/LX for white pavement markings and 150 MCD/M2/LX for yellow pavement markings when measured with a LTL-2000 retroreflectometer or equal 30 meter device approved by the Traffic Engineering Division (TED). The Contractor will also be required to take and record a minimum of five (5) readings per day, per color, per pavement marking crew. These readings shall be recorded on the daily report and should be taken throughout the day. The contractor shall provide the printout tape from the LTL readings with the daily Centerline reports. The tapes should have the date, color and route on the LTL Log ID. During the pavement marking contract, the pavement marking materials furnished and installed under this project shall show no signs of failure greater than five (5) percent loss due to blistering, excessive cracking, bleeding, staining, discoloration, smearing or spreading under heat, deterioration due to contact with oil or gasoline, chipping, scaling, spalling, poor adhesion to the pavement, damage from traffic and normal wear. Snowplow damage shall be considered as normal wear within this contract. Retroreflectivity values shall be maintained until October 15, 2008. Loss due to pavement failure, unless caused by the marking material, will not be considered as a material failure and will not be included in the loss calculations and/or retroreflectivity readings. PAVEMENT MARKING REVIEW: There may be periodic pavement marking reviews throughout the project. These reviews will occur at any time after the markings have been placed. These reviews will evaluate the pavement marking material within the project limits for either day and night acceptability considering all requirements listed above. The following method will be used to measure the retroreflectivity acceptance of the pavement marking material: Locate and identify a starting point for measuring retroreflectivity pavement markings for a roadway. Obtain five (5) readings per line that are to be taken over a 1,000 foot section of roadway. Additional test measurements to be taken in one (1) mile intervals, with five (5) readings to be recorded in a 1,000 foot section. At each check point, readings are to be averaged to determine failed areas. If a section has failed, then testing measurements will be taken at one-half mile mark before and after the failed check point. Each of these check points will be defined as 1,000 foot sections prior and after the one-half mark. The readings before and after the failed check point shall be averaged to determine the direction of failed markings. If the initial check point fails, along with both one-half mark check points, then that entire one mile length of pavement markings would be considered to be failed. Roadways that are less than one (1) mile in length shall have ten (10) readings measured throughout the length of the project for each color line the average of these readings shall determine whether or not these pavement markings fail. During the life of this contract if any markings along a 1,000 feet or more section of pavement are found to be deficient for any reason, the Contractor will be given notification stating the locations and the type of deficiency. These notifications will be given at any time during the life of the contract, but no later than October 15, 2008. The Contractor shall completely replace the deficient markings, as directed

by the Engineer within twenty (20) calendar days of the written notification. The retroreflectivity may be checked after re-application to meet the minimum value of that period. If the Contractor does not complete the replacement of all of the deficient pavement markings by the end of the twenty (20) calendar day replacement period, the Contractor shall be subject to liquidated damages as described within Section 108.7 of the West Virginia Division of Highway’s Standard Specifications until replacement is completed. These liquidated damages shall not stop during the winter shut-down period and shall be in combination with any other liquidated damages incurred. No direct payment shall be made for the replacement of any deficient pavement marking during the one year warranty period as such work shall be considered as incidental to the work as paid for by the various pavement marking items in the contract. APPROVAL OF CONTRACTOR'S EQUIPMENT AND PERSONNEL: The Contractor (prior to commencement of the project) shall submit to the Engineer a detailed list of all equipment and the resumes of all personnel within the confines of this project. The Contractor shall also provide certification from the binder manufacturer that the Contractor is qualified to apply the manufacturer’s material in conformance with these specifications. Drivers and operators with less than one year of experience shall not be used on this project. The Contractor is responsible for quality control, and to that end, shall employ a Project Control Coordinator (PCC) at the Contractor’s expense. The PCC shall be designated and in attendance at the Pre-Construction Conference. This PCC shall be a member of the District Pavement Marking Crew. The PCC shall be responsible for all communication between the District Pavement Marking Crew and District Personnel. Communications shall be provided to the District, and shall be employed between the PCC and the District in the form of cellular phone technology, two-way radio, or other form of communication during working hours (communications shall be at the Contractor’s expense and shall be integral to the contract cost). The PCC shall be required to fill out all Daily Centerline Report(s) and provide these completed forms to the Engineer. The Contractor shall provide the District all collective daily centerline reports on a weekly basis. The Contractor’s weekly centerline reports shall be delivered to the Engineer the first work day of the following week. Failure to deliver centerline reports to the Engineer shall invoke daily liquidated damages as described in Section 108.7 of the West Virginia Division of Highway’s Standard Specifications for each calendar day that the Contractor fails in delivering these centerline reports. The Engineer will randomly check the accuracy of these reports. If a discrepancy of more than 2% is found, the Contractor will be required to have an independent consultant, approved by the Division, to verify all pay items on this contract. The cost of the consultant will be the responsibility of the Contractor—the Contractor will not be reimbursed by the Division for consultant services. The Contractor’s striper shall be equipped with electrical foot counters. The counters shall individually tabulate the amount of footage applied by each striping gun whether solid or dashed. The counters shall be six digit types with a reset feature. The Contractor shall determine the accuracy of the foot counters and establish an adjustment factor as required to determine the pay item quantities. The foot counters shall be periodically checked to assure accurate measurements. No paint shall be applied without the accurate operation of the foot counters. The Contractor shall provide the Engineer with a certified document on these calibrations. The Contractor shall employ a mechanical sweeper-blower unit powerful enough to remove normal highway dirt and debris. This unit shall not be part of the pavement marking truck and this shall be incidental to each respective bid item. 204

205 The Contractor shall use an accurate dashing mechanism, capable of being adjusted to retrace existing lane or center line markings. APPLICATION OF PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIAL: The pavement marking material shall be mixed uniformly throughout and shall have a homogeneous disbursement of color and beads when applied to the pavement. Pavement marking lines shall be straight or of uniform curvature and shall conform with the tangents, curves, and transitions as specified in the pavement marking standards and/or as directed by the Engineer. The finished lines shall have well-defined edges and be free of horizontal fluctuations. The lateral deviation shall not exceed 1.5 inch from the proposed location alignment as specified in the Standards and /or directed by the Engineer. When striping interchanges, material will be applied for the full length of all ramps, including all wraps around all islands and curbs, gore areas, etc. The Contractor shall be responsible for removing all pavement marking materials spilled upon the roadway surface or adjoining area. The Contractor shall use methods acceptable to the Engineer for removing the spilled material. Any pavement marking which is crossed by a vehicle and tracked shall be replaced and any subsequent marking made by the vehicle shall be removed by methods acceptable to the Engineer and at no additional cost to the Department. The Department will be responsible for coding and spotting where old markings cannot be determined or if the Department desires to make changes in existing markings. The Department must be given notification of twelve (12) days prior to commencement of work in area. Prior to commencement of work, and only if required by the binder manufacturer, all existing edge, lane or center lines will be fully eradicated in accordance with Section 636.7—Eradication of Pavement Markings. When eradicating lane or center lines, the Contractor shall replace the lines within twenty-four hours from the start of eradication. The eradication shall be incidental to Pay Items 663001-004“#” and 663002-005“#.” The Contractor shall be responsible for cleaning and/or replacing any Raised Pavement Markers (RPMs) that are painted. The Contractor, when painting center lines, shall either offset or retard pavement marking lines to avoid painting the RPM reflectors. RESURFACING PROJECTS AND PRIORITY PAINTING: At the Pre-Construction Conference the Contractor will be provided with county maps and tables showing roadways to be painted. The contractor shall paint the centerline and or lane line on all routes by July 1, 2008. The centerline and or lane line shall be designated as priority painting. The Contractor shall be assessed liquidated damages for failure to meet this Priority Pavement Marking Date (PPMD) as shown in Schedule “A” per day, for each calendar day, that any of the routes are not marked with center line or lane line. The Contractor may begin painting on or after April 15, 2008.

Schedule A—Priority Pavement Marking Date (PPMD) = (Contract Bid Price/Total Days in Contract) * Delinquent Days (Total Days within Priority Period/%of Priority Markings Completed) EXAMPLE: GIVEN: Contract inception date April 15, 2008 Total days in contract = 107 Required Priority completion date July 1, 2008 Contractor’s Priority completion date July 15, 2008 Percentage Priority route completed as of completion date = 90% Contract bid price $500,000 Delinquent period = July 1, 2008 until July 15, 2008 (Calendar days which exceed the July 1st deadline, which include permitted weather days. Delinquent days not to exceed 107 calendar days.) ($500,000/107) * 15 days = $1011 per day/per delinquent period (77*0.9) = $16,515 Total liquidated damages Once the Contractor begins, he shall continue the pavement marking contract until all of the scheduled routes are completed. All pavement markings on all scheduled routes shall be completed by August 1, 2008. The contractor shall be assessed liquidated damages as described in Schedule “B” for each calendar day that the Contractor exceeds the contract completion date. The Contractor may be called back after this date to do additional painting; however, no call-backs shall be issued after October 15, 2008. Schedule B—Project Completion Liquidated Damages (PCLD) = Bid Price * Estimated Roadway Marking Uncompleted (%) Total Number of Days in Contract EXAMPLE: GIVEN: Contract inception date April 15, 2008 Completion date August 1, 2008 Percentage of roadway marking uncompleted 20% Total bid price $500,000 Actual completion date August 16, 2008 Delinquent period = Aug. 1, 2008 until Aug. 15, 2008 (Calendar days which exceed the August 1st deadline which include permitted weather days). ($500,000*0.20) = $935.00 per day/ per delinquent period 107 = $935.00 * 15 days = $14,025 Total liquidated damages 206

207 REPLACEMENT (CALL-BACK) PAVEMENT MARKINGS: The Engineer will try to provide the Contractor with a schedule of resurfacing projects and their anticipated completion dates. However, the Contractor will not be allowed to perform any additional pavement markings not allowed for in the contract during the priority phase of this contract 4/15/2008– 7/1/2008). After the Contractor has completed the priority phase of this contract, the Engineer shall have as his/her option the judgment to utilize the District Pavement Marking Contract ‘OR’ the District Recall Pavement Marking Contract to perform additional pavement markings not designated in this contract. This call-back shall be at the Engineer’s discretion and the appointed Contractor shall be required to begin pavement markings for additional routes or for completed roadway projects upon notification within ten (10) working days. Priority call-back may be required to begin within 24 hours but shall not be any later than three (3) working days. The Contractor will be required to place full compliance pavement markings, meaning the center line or lane line and edge line within the ten (10) working days, or three (3) working days for the priority call-back. The Engineer may add or eliminate any route to or from the schedule, if, because of low traffic volumes or other reasons, if the Engineer determines the route does or does not require pavement markings. The Contractor will be paid one unit of the Bid Item—204003-000 “Mobilization, Per Job Order” for each time the Contractor is called back to a District. The Contractor shall be paid “Mobilization Per Priority Job order—Bid Item 204001-000” for each time he is called back to the District for priority Call-Back. The Contractor will also be paid “Mobilization, Per Mile”—Bid Item 204002-000 to compensate for the mileage between the District Headquarters and the County Headquarters if the Call-Back requires the Contractor to place pavement markings outside the District Headquarters County. The Contractor will also be paid “Mobilization, Per Mile” if the Engineer directs the Contractor for pavement marking which would require the Contractor to move outside the county he is working in. The Contractor will not be paid “Mobilization, Per Job Order” if he/she is already in the District. The Contractor will not be paid “Mobilization, Per Mile” if the approved weekly schedule requires the Contractor to be in the county of the route to be painted. LIQUIDATED DAMAGES: If the Contractor does not begin pavement marking within a notifications specified time, he shall be assessed liquidated damages as described in Section 108.7 of the West Virginia Division of Highway’s Standard Specifications for each calendar working day after the respective notifications time constraints placed on the Contractor until painting begins.

Maintenance of Traffic shall be in accordance with Section 636 of the West Virginia Division of Highways Standard Specifications Roads and Bridges, adopted 2000, as amended by the West Virginia Division of Highways Supplemental Specifications, dated January 1, 2003, the Contract Documents and the Contract Plans. These are the governing provisions applicable to the project, and the manual, Traffic Control for Street and Highway Construction and Maintenance Operations, May 2006; which is made a part of this contract and the traffic plan for individual segments as described below: Reflective sheeting used on temporary traffic control devices within the scope of this project shall be of new condition and meet the requirements of the WVDOH Approved Products Listing (APL). Night visibility and legibility shall be maintained for all temporary traffic control devices. Traffic control shall be in accordance with Case D4 of the manual, Traffic Control for Street and Highway Construction and Maintenance Operations, May 2006, with the exception that the trail vehicle shall be protected with a Type VII (Truck Mounted Attenuator) impact attenuation device when painting ex- pressways, Cost for all traffic control, including truck mounted attenuators (TMAs), electric arrows, flagging, signs, flashers, etc., shall be incidental to Items 663001-005(#) or 663002-004(#). The Contractor is prohibited from placing pavement markings on US and WV Routes within City Limits or other high ADT areas during peak hour periods (7:00 AM–9:00 AM, 4:00 PM–6:00 PM) unless otherwise directed by the Engineer, or at any other peak time as designated by the Engineer. METHOD OF MEASUREMENT/PAYMENT: The quantity of pavement marking lines to be paid for shall be the actual number of linear miles of pavement markings which have been satisfactorily placed. The quantities for lane lines show the approximate equivalent 4-inch solid lane miles. The Contractor will be paid for actual 4-inch solid miles applied as determined by the Engineer. When applying 6-inch lines, the Contractor will be paid 1.5 times the rate for a 4-inch line and when applying an 8-inch line, the Contractor will be paid 2 times the rate of a 4-inch line. PAY ITEMS: The paint pay items for this contract shall be as follows: Item 204001-000 Mobilization LS Item 204002-000 Mobilization, Per Mile MI Item 204003-000 Mobilization, Per Priority Job Order EA Item 204003-000 Mobilization, Per Job Order EA Item 663001-005 Edge line, Type II, White MI Item 663001-005 Edge line, Type II, YellowMI Item 663002-004 Lane Line or Centerline, Type II, White MI Item 663002-004 Lane Line or Centerline, Type II, Yellow MI TRAFFIC CONTROL: 208

209 PERFORMANCE BOND: The Contractor’s performance bond may be retained until February 1, 2009. COMPLETION OF WORK: All work shall be completed by August 1, 2008. The Contractor shall be assessed liquidated damages as described in Table 2, Schedule B, per calendar day for each day after August 1, 2008 that work is not completed. There shall be no stoppage of the penalty due to winter shut-down.

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TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 408: Pavement Marking Warranty Specifications presents information on the use of pavement marking warranties by United States and Canadian transportation agencies, including agency specifications. European experience is also included in the report for comparison purposes.

Appendices D and E for NCHRP Synthesis 408 are available online.

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