• Front Matter R1-R10

• Summary 1-4

• 1.1 Problem Statement 5-5

• 1.3.2 Data Collection 6-7

• 1.3.3 Data Analysis 8-8

• 2.2.2 Definition of Low-Cost Highway Improvements 9-9

• 2.2.4 Low-Cost Operational/Technology Improvements 10-10

• 2.2.5 Examples of Low-Cost Operational Improvements 11-11

• 2.2.6 Low-Cost Regulatory/Public Policy Improvements 12-12

• 2.3.1 Freight Capacity 13-13

• 2.3.3 Low-Cost Improvements 14-14

• 2.4.3 Performance Indicators 15-15

• 2.4.6 Examples of Low-Cost Improvements 16-17

• 3.3 System Performance 18-20

• 3.4 Highways 21-24

• 3.5 Railroads 25-28

• 3.6 Intermodal 29-29

• 3.7 Deepwater Ports 30-34

• 3.8.3 Inland Rivers and Waterways 35-35

• 3.8.4 Locks and Dams 36-39

• 4.1 Defining and Characterizing Freight Mobility Constraints 40-40

• 4.2.1 Highways 41-41

• 4.2.2 Railroads 42-42

• 4.2.3 Deepwater Ports and Inland Waterways 43-43

• 4.2.4 Labor Unions 44-44

• 4.2.5 Summary 45-46

• 4.3.1 Highways 47-48

• 4.3.4 Summary 49-52

• 5.1.1 Highways 53-53

• 5.1.3 Deepwater Ports and Inland Waterways 54-54

• 5.2 Criteria for Low-Cost Improvements 55-55

• 5.4.1 Highways Improvement Strategies 56-60

• 5.4.2 Railroads Improvement Strategies 61-61

• 5.4.3 Deepwater and Inland Waterways Improvement Strategies 62-63

• 5.5 Summary of Improvements 64-67

• 6.2.1 Characterization of Constraint 68-68

• 6.2.2 Selection of Improvements 69-70

• 6.2.3 Evaluation of Improvement Options 71-71

• 6.5 Integration into Planning Process 72-72

• 6.5.1 Transportation Planning Process 73-73

• 6.5.2 Project Development Process 74-74

• 6.6 Evaluation of Beta Version of Tool 75-75

• 7.2 Approach to Developing Catalog of Strategies 76-76

• 7.2.1 Highways 77-77

• 7.2.2 Railroads 78-81

• 7.2.3 Deepwater Ports and Inland Waterways 82-86

• 8.1 Conclusions 87-87

• 8.2 Recommendations for Further Research 88-89

• References 90-92

• Acronyms 93-94

• Appendix A - Methodology User Guide 95-99

• Appendix B - Annotated Bibliography 100-109

• Appendix C - Interview Guide 110-113

• Appendix D - Internet Survey Instrument 114-125

• Appendix E - Low-Cost Improvement Analysis Tool (LCIAT) Evaluation Form 126-126

• Abbreviations used without definitions in TRB publications 127-127

Transportation Research Board " 5.4.3 Deepwater and Inland Waterways Improvement Strategies ." NCFRP Report 7: Identifying and Using Low-Cost and Quickly Implementable Ways to Address Freight-System Mobility Constraints . Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2010 .

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