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Page 70
Suggested Citation:"Appendices." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Airport Curbside and Terminal Area Roadway Operations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14451.
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Page 70
Page 71
Suggested Citation:"Appendices." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Airport Curbside and Terminal Area Roadway Operations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14451.
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Page 71
Page 72
Suggested Citation:"Appendices." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Airport Curbside and Terminal Area Roadway Operations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14451.
×
Page 72
Page 73
Suggested Citation:"Appendices." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Airport Curbside and Terminal Area Roadway Operations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14451.
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Page 73

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

70 Appendix A, Glossary, is provided herein, and Appendices B through G, as submitted by the research agency, are available at www.TRB.org. Their titles are as follows: Appendix B Bibliography Appendix C Summary of Terminal Area Roadway Traffic Volume Surveys Appendix D Summary of Curbside Roadway Characteristic Surveys Appendix E Summary of Focus Group Surveys Appendix F A Reproduction of Portions of TRB Circular 212 Appendix G Overview of QATAR Curbside Analysis Methodology Appendices

71 Adjusted flow rates—The maximum rate of flow adjusted for traffic conditions, traffic composition, roadway geometry, and other factors. Air taxi—A for-hire passenger or cargo aircraft that operates on an unscheduled basis. Airfield licenses—Licenses or permits required to operate a ground transportation vehicle on an airfield at major airports. Airport curbside—The one-way roadway located immedi- ately in front of the terminal building where vehicles stop to pick up and drop off airline passengers and their baggage. Automatic traffic recorder (ATR)—Equipment, often porta- ble, that records the volumes of traffic crossing a pneumatic tube or detector. Automatic vehicle identification (AVI)—Radio frequency identification equipment (i.e., vehicle-mounted tags or trans- ponders) commonly used on roadways and bridges to collect tolls. Auxiliary lane—A supplementary lane intended to facilitate weaving or merging vehicle movements between a roadway entry and exit. Bypass lanes—Curbside roadway lanes intended for use by vehicles bypassing or not stopping at a curbside section or zone. Bypass vehicles—Vehicles traveling past, but not stopping at, a curbside section or zone, including vehicles recirculating past the curbside, vehicles traveling to/from adjacent curb- side zones, or service/delivery vehicles using the curbside roadway. Cell phone lots—Free parking lots, typically located away from the terminal area, provided for use by motorists waiting to pick up deplaned passengers. Also referred to as “call-and- wait” or “park-and-call” lots. Commercial vehicles—Vehicles transporting airline passen- gers and visitors, including taxicabs, limousines, courtesy vehi- cles, buses, and vans, driven by professional drivers for which vehicle passengers pay a fee or for which the transportation is incidental to the service provided (e.g., a hotel courtesy vehicle). Cost path—A person’s perceived cost that would be incurred while traveling along a defined path or route, typically includ- ing the value of time. Courtesy vehicles—Door-to-door, shared-ride transportation provided by the operators of hotels/motels, rental car compa- nies, parking lots, and other services solely for their customers. Critical movement analysis—An analysis conducted to cal- culate the lanes or movements requiring the most “green time” at a signalized intersection and, therefore, a method of estimating the intersection volume to capacity (v/c) ratio. Critical volumes—The volume or combination of vol- umes (e.g., conflicting movements) that produces the high- est demand for an intersection lane or signal phase. Curbside geometry—The horizontal and vertical alignment features of a curbside roadway, including lane widths, grades, curvature, and crosswalks. Customs and Border Protection (CPB)—The U.S. govern- ment agency responsible for, among other duties, inspection of international arriving passengers and goods to collect import duties and prevent the import of illegal goods. Decision-making distance—The physical distance between successive decision points. Decision point—The physical location where a driver must select between alternative paths or roadways. Deplaned passengers—Passengers that alighted from an air- craft at an airport, including both connecting and terminat- ing airline passengers. A P P E N D I X A Glossary

Discount factor—An adjustment applied to reduce the effec- tive capacity of curbsides with an unusual configuration, loca- tion, or operation. Double parking—A condition in which two or more vehicles are parallel parked or stopped adjacent to one another along the curbside roadway. Driver population factor—A factor applied to roadway capac- ities to reflect driver behavior and operating characteristics, including familiarity with roadways, intersections, and traffic patterns. Electronic ticketing kiosk—A self-serve machine used by air- line passengers to print boarding passes and other documents. Enplaned passengers—Passengers who boarded an aircraft at an airport, including both connecting and originating airline passengers. Fixed-base operator (FBO)—An aviation business that serves general aviation aircraft owners and operators, including fueling, catering, aircraft maintenance, and storage. Flattening the peak—A reduction in the proportion of demand occurring in a 15-minute or hourly interval as a result of de- mand management, changes in schedules, demand approach- ing capacity, or other reasons. Free-flow speed—The mean speed of traffic under very light flow conditions. General aviation—All flights (or aircraft operations) other than scheduled/commercial or military flights. Gore—The triangular area between two roadways at the point they diverge or merge. Green time—The duration, in seconds, of the green indication for a given movement at a signalized intersection. Growth factor—A factor applied to passenger or traffic vol- umes, for example, to adjust for anticipated future growth. Heavy vehicle—A vehicle with more than four wheels touch- ing the pavement during normal operation. Heavy vehicle factor—A factor applied to roadway capacities to reflect the proportion of heavy vehicles in the traffic stream. Highway capacity analysis procedures—Analytical proce- dures conducted using the procedures described in the Highway Capacity Manual. Highway Capacity Manual (HCM)—The Highway Capacity Manual published by the Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 2000 (and subsequent editions, including the draft 2010 HCM). Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)—The U.S. government agency responsible for, among other duties, inspection of international arriving passengers and crew prior to their entering the country. Intelligent transportation system (ITS)—Information and communication technologies applied to transportation infra- structure and vehicles to improve operations, safety, and efficiency. Intersection Capacity Utilization (ICU) method—As used in this Guide, a quick-estimation method for analyzing inter- sections using the critical movement analysis. Lag time—The length of time after a flight’s scheduled arrival time that a passenger arrives at the airport curbside. Landside circulation system—The airport roadway network providing for inbound and outbound traffic and the internal circulation of traffic between airport land uses. Lane balance—A situation that exists when the number of lanes entering a roadway is equal to the number of lanes exit- ing the roadway. Lane geometry—The horizontal and vertical alignment fea- tures of a roadway or roadway lane, including lane widths, grades, lengths, curvatures, tapers, and other physical features. Lateness distribution—The distribution of passengers leav- ing an airport after the scheduled arrival time of their aircraft (i.e., a distribution of passenger lag times). Lead time—As used in this Guide, the length of time in advance of a flight’s scheduled departure time that a passenger arrives at the airport curbside. Macroscopic models—Models or analytical procedures used to consider the flow of vehicle streams (or other objects) rather than the flow of individual vehicles. Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD)— The principal standard governing the application, design, and placement of traffic control devices, published by FHWA. See http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov. Maximum service flow—A maximum flow rate at which vehi- cles can traverse a point or short segment during a specified time period at a given level of service. Merging capacity—Maximum flow rate at a merge point. Metropolitan planning organization (MPO)—A policy- making organization responsible for planning, analysis, and development of multimodal transportation facilities in a region or community. 72

Microsimulation models—Models or analytical procedures used to simulate the operation of individual vehicles (or other objects) on simulated roadway (or other) networks. Mixed-flow traffic volumes—The numbers of vehicles in a traffic flow consisting of multiple vehicle types. Operational characteristics—Traffic flow characteristics, including speed, density, vehicle mix, and volumes. Passenger car equivalent (pce)—The number of passenger cars displaced by a single heavy vehicle of a particular type under specified roadway, traffic, and control conditions. Passenger load factor—A measure of available aircraft seats that are occupied. Peak hour—The peak hour is the busiest hour of the year, month, or day. It is suggested that the “design hour,” rather than the peak hour, be used for planning and evaluation of airport roadways, and that the design hour be a typical busy hour on the peak day of the week during the peak month. Peak-hour factor—The relationship between the hourly traf- fic volume in the peak hour and the maximum rate of flow within some portion of the hour. As used most commonly, this factor refers to the ratio of the hourly volume to the max- imum 15-minute flow rate expanded to an hourly volume. Performance capabilities—As used in this Guide, the capa- bilities of an individual vehicle or group of vehicles, includ- ing acceleration, maneuverability, and turning radii. Poisson distribution—A discrete probability distribution that expresses the probability of a number of events occurring in a fixed period of time. Remote curbside—A curbside located outside of the immedi- ate area of the passenger terminal building, such as in a park- ing structure, surface lot, or multimodal facility. Rental car ready/return—The parking or storage area(s) to which rental car customers return rented vehicles or pick up rental vehicles. Signal phasing—The part of a traffic control signal time cycle allocated to any traffic movement given the right of way. Skycap—A porter employed by an airline or airport operator to provide baggage drop service to passengers. Steady-state performance—The traffic flow rates occurring on a roadway or intersection when the traffic stream is not disrupted or interrupted. Terminal area roadways—The roadways serving the termi- nal building and surrounding areas, including access, curb- side, and circulation roadways. Through vehicles—As used in this Guide, vehicles bypassing the curbside area or zone. Also see “Bypass vehicles.” Time path—A person’s perceived time incurred while trav- eling along a defined path or route, including time in motion, delays caused by congestion, and waiting time. Traffic controls—Devices directing vehicular and pedestrian traffic flows, particularly at conflict areas, including signals, signs, and pavement markings. Transborder flight—As used in this Guide, scheduled flights between the United States and Canada whose passengers have typically been pre-cleared by border controls. Transportation demand management (TDM)—The appli- cation of policies and strategies to reduce travel demand or redistribute this demand in space or time. Trip generation rate—The number of vehicle or person trips generated by a household, zone, land use, or other facility generally during a daily or peak period. Triple parking—A situation in which three or more adjacent vehicles are parallel parked or stopped along the curbside roadway. Weaving area—The roadway segment in which two or more traffic streams traveling in the same general direction along a significant length of roadway cross one another without the aid of traffic control devices. Weaving distance—The distance from a point on the merge gore at which the right edge of the freeway shoulder lane and the left edge of the merging lane are 2 feet apart to a point on the diverge gore at which the edges are 12 feet apart. Weaving intensity factor—A measure of the influence of weaving activity on the average speed of both weaving and nonweaving vehicles. Vehicle mix—The proportion of each type of vehicle (i.e., bus, car, van, truck) in a traffic stream. Vehicle occupancy—The number of passengers (including the driver) in a vehicle. Vehicle stall length—As used in this Guide, the length of curb space occupied by a stopped vehicle, including the distance required to maneuver into and out of the space. 73

Airport Curbside and Terminal Area Roadway Operations Get This Book
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TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 40: Airport Curbside and Terminal Area Roadway Operations includes guidance on a cohesive approach to analyzing traffic operations on airport curbside and terminal area roadways.

The report examines operational performance measures for airport curbside and terminal area roadway operations and reviews methods of estimating those performance measures. The report includes a quick analysis tool for curbside operations and low-speed roadway weaving area, highlights techniques for estimating traffic volumes, and presents common ways of addressing operational problems.

Appendix A, Glossary, to ACRP Report 40 is included in the printed report. Appendices B through G, are available online and listed below:

Appendix B: Bibliography

Appendix C: Summary of Terminal Area Roadway Traffic Volume Surveys

Appendix D: Summary of Curbside Roadway Characteristic Surveys

Appendix E: Summary of Focus Group Surveys

Appendix F: A Reproduction of Portions of TRB Circular 212

Appendix G: Overview of QATAR Curbside Analysis Methodology

Link to QATAR Curbside Analysis Methodology

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