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70 Appendix A, Glossary, is provided herein, and Appendices B through G, as submitted by the research agency, are available at www.TRB.org. Their titles are as follows: Appendix B Bibliography Appendix C Summary of Terminal Area Roadway Traffic Volume Surveys Appendix D Summary of Curbside Roadway Characteristic Surveys Appendix E Summary of Focus Group Surveys Appendix F A Reproduction of Portions of TRB Circular 212 Appendix G Overview of QATAR Curbside Analysis Methodology Appendices
71 Adjusted flow ratesâThe maximum rate of flow adjusted for traffic conditions, traffic composition, roadway geometry, and other factors. Air taxiâA for-hire passenger or cargo aircraft that operates on an unscheduled basis. Airfield licensesâLicenses or permits required to operate a ground transportation vehicle on an airfield at major airports. Airport curbsideâThe one-way roadway located immedi- ately in front of the terminal building where vehicles stop to pick up and drop off airline passengers and their baggage. Automatic traffic recorder (ATR)âEquipment, often porta- ble, that records the volumes of traffic crossing a pneumatic tube or detector. Automatic vehicle identification (AVI)âRadio frequency identification equipment (i.e., vehicle-mounted tags or trans- ponders) commonly used on roadways and bridges to collect tolls. Auxiliary laneâA supplementary lane intended to facilitate weaving or merging vehicle movements between a roadway entry and exit. Bypass lanesâCurbside roadway lanes intended for use by vehicles bypassing or not stopping at a curbside section or zone. Bypass vehiclesâVehicles traveling past, but not stopping at, a curbside section or zone, including vehicles recirculating past the curbside, vehicles traveling to/from adjacent curb- side zones, or service/delivery vehicles using the curbside roadway. Cell phone lotsâFree parking lots, typically located away from the terminal area, provided for use by motorists waiting to pick up deplaned passengers. Also referred to as âcall-and- waitâ or âpark-and-callâ lots. Commercial vehiclesâVehicles transporting airline passen- gers and visitors, including taxicabs, limousines, courtesy vehi- cles, buses, and vans, driven by professional drivers for which vehicle passengers pay a fee or for which the transportation is incidental to the service provided (e.g., a hotel courtesy vehicle). Cost pathâA personâs perceived cost that would be incurred while traveling along a defined path or route, typically includ- ing the value of time. Courtesy vehiclesâDoor-to-door, shared-ride transportation provided by the operators of hotels/motels, rental car compa- nies, parking lots, and other services solely for their customers. Critical movement analysisâAn analysis conducted to cal- culate the lanes or movements requiring the most âgreen timeâ at a signalized intersection and, therefore, a method of estimating the intersection volume to capacity (v/c) ratio. Critical volumesâThe volume or combination of vol- umes (e.g., conflicting movements) that produces the high- est demand for an intersection lane or signal phase. Curbside geometryâThe horizontal and vertical alignment features of a curbside roadway, including lane widths, grades, curvature, and crosswalks. Customs and Border Protection (CPB)âThe U.S. govern- ment agency responsible for, among other duties, inspection of international arriving passengers and goods to collect import duties and prevent the import of illegal goods. Decision-making distanceâThe physical distance between successive decision points. Decision pointâThe physical location where a driver must select between alternative paths or roadways. Deplaned passengersâPassengers that alighted from an air- craft at an airport, including both connecting and terminat- ing airline passengers. A P P E N D I X A Glossary
Discount factorâAn adjustment applied to reduce the effec- tive capacity of curbsides with an unusual configuration, loca- tion, or operation. Double parkingâA condition in which two or more vehicles are parallel parked or stopped adjacent to one another along the curbside roadway. Driver population factorâA factor applied to roadway capac- ities to reflect driver behavior and operating characteristics, including familiarity with roadways, intersections, and traffic patterns. Electronic ticketing kioskâA self-serve machine used by air- line passengers to print boarding passes and other documents. Enplaned passengersâPassengers who boarded an aircraft at an airport, including both connecting and originating airline passengers. Fixed-base operator (FBO)âAn aviation business that serves general aviation aircraft owners and operators, including fueling, catering, aircraft maintenance, and storage. Flattening the peakâA reduction in the proportion of demand occurring in a 15-minute or hourly interval as a result of de- mand management, changes in schedules, demand approach- ing capacity, or other reasons. Free-flow speedâThe mean speed of traffic under very light flow conditions. General aviationâAll flights (or aircraft operations) other than scheduled/commercial or military flights. GoreâThe triangular area between two roadways at the point they diverge or merge. Green timeâThe duration, in seconds, of the green indication for a given movement at a signalized intersection. Growth factorâA factor applied to passenger or traffic vol- umes, for example, to adjust for anticipated future growth. Heavy vehicleâA vehicle with more than four wheels touch- ing the pavement during normal operation. Heavy vehicle factorâA factor applied to roadway capacities to reflect the proportion of heavy vehicles in the traffic stream. Highway capacity analysis proceduresâAnalytical proce- dures conducted using the procedures described in the Highway Capacity Manual. Highway Capacity Manual (HCM)âThe Highway Capacity Manual published by the Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 2000 (and subsequent editions, including the draft 2010 HCM). Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)âThe U.S. government agency responsible for, among other duties, inspection of international arriving passengers and crew prior to their entering the country. Intelligent transportation system (ITS)âInformation and communication technologies applied to transportation infra- structure and vehicles to improve operations, safety, and efficiency. Intersection Capacity Utilization (ICU) methodâAs used in this Guide, a quick-estimation method for analyzing inter- sections using the critical movement analysis. Lag timeâThe length of time after a flightâs scheduled arrival time that a passenger arrives at the airport curbside. Landside circulation systemâThe airport roadway network providing for inbound and outbound traffic and the internal circulation of traffic between airport land uses. Lane balanceâA situation that exists when the number of lanes entering a roadway is equal to the number of lanes exit- ing the roadway. Lane geometryâThe horizontal and vertical alignment fea- tures of a roadway or roadway lane, including lane widths, grades, lengths, curvatures, tapers, and other physical features. Lateness distributionâThe distribution of passengers leav- ing an airport after the scheduled arrival time of their aircraft (i.e., a distribution of passenger lag times). Lead timeâAs used in this Guide, the length of time in advance of a flightâs scheduled departure time that a passenger arrives at the airport curbside. Macroscopic modelsâModels or analytical procedures used to consider the flow of vehicle streams (or other objects) rather than the flow of individual vehicles. Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD)â The principal standard governing the application, design, and placement of traffic control devices, published by FHWA. See http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov. Maximum service flowâA maximum flow rate at which vehi- cles can traverse a point or short segment during a specified time period at a given level of service. Merging capacityâMaximum flow rate at a merge point. Metropolitan planning organization (MPO)âA policy- making organization responsible for planning, analysis, and development of multimodal transportation facilities in a region or community. 72
Microsimulation modelsâModels or analytical procedures used to simulate the operation of individual vehicles (or other objects) on simulated roadway (or other) networks. Mixed-flow traffic volumesâThe numbers of vehicles in a traffic flow consisting of multiple vehicle types. Operational characteristicsâTraffic flow characteristics, including speed, density, vehicle mix, and volumes. Passenger car equivalent (pce)âThe number of passenger cars displaced by a single heavy vehicle of a particular type under specified roadway, traffic, and control conditions. Passenger load factorâA measure of available aircraft seats that are occupied. Peak hourâThe peak hour is the busiest hour of the year, month, or day. It is suggested that the âdesign hour,â rather than the peak hour, be used for planning and evaluation of airport roadways, and that the design hour be a typical busy hour on the peak day of the week during the peak month. Peak-hour factorâThe relationship between the hourly traf- fic volume in the peak hour and the maximum rate of flow within some portion of the hour. As used most commonly, this factor refers to the ratio of the hourly volume to the max- imum 15-minute flow rate expanded to an hourly volume. Performance capabilitiesâAs used in this Guide, the capa- bilities of an individual vehicle or group of vehicles, includ- ing acceleration, maneuverability, and turning radii. Poisson distributionâA discrete probability distribution that expresses the probability of a number of events occurring in a fixed period of time. Remote curbsideâA curbside located outside of the immedi- ate area of the passenger terminal building, such as in a park- ing structure, surface lot, or multimodal facility. Rental car ready/returnâThe parking or storage area(s) to which rental car customers return rented vehicles or pick up rental vehicles. Signal phasingâThe part of a traffic control signal time cycle allocated to any traffic movement given the right of way. SkycapâA porter employed by an airline or airport operator to provide baggage drop service to passengers. Steady-state performanceâThe traffic flow rates occurring on a roadway or intersection when the traffic stream is not disrupted or interrupted. Terminal area roadwaysâThe roadways serving the termi- nal building and surrounding areas, including access, curb- side, and circulation roadways. Through vehiclesâAs used in this Guide, vehicles bypassing the curbside area or zone. Also see âBypass vehicles.â Time pathâA personâs perceived time incurred while trav- eling along a defined path or route, including time in motion, delays caused by congestion, and waiting time. Traffic controlsâDevices directing vehicular and pedestrian traffic flows, particularly at conflict areas, including signals, signs, and pavement markings. Transborder flightâAs used in this Guide, scheduled flights between the United States and Canada whose passengers have typically been pre-cleared by border controls. Transportation demand management (TDM)âThe appli- cation of policies and strategies to reduce travel demand or redistribute this demand in space or time. Trip generation rateâThe number of vehicle or person trips generated by a household, zone, land use, or other facility generally during a daily or peak period. Triple parkingâA situation in which three or more adjacent vehicles are parallel parked or stopped along the curbside roadway. Weaving areaâThe roadway segment in which two or more traffic streams traveling in the same general direction along a significant length of roadway cross one another without the aid of traffic control devices. Weaving distanceâThe distance from a point on the merge gore at which the right edge of the freeway shoulder lane and the left edge of the merging lane are 2 feet apart to a point on the diverge gore at which the edges are 12 feet apart. Weaving intensity factorâA measure of the influence of weaving activity on the average speed of both weaving and nonweaving vehicles. Vehicle mixâThe proportion of each type of vehicle (i.e., bus, car, van, truck) in a traffic stream. Vehicle occupancyâThe number of passengers (including the driver) in a vehicle. Vehicle stall lengthâAs used in this Guide, the length of curb space occupied by a stopped vehicle, including the distance required to maneuver into and out of the space. 73