Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page 29
29
the origin and destination were both in Canada, or both in the sponsible for 0.61% of all trips, only between Ontario and
United States. This excluded about 15.72% of all cross-border Michigan.
trips from this analysis. The four western provinces each replaced their previous reg-
A total of 154 distinct configurations were found making ulations with a set of regulations that were based directly on the
cross-border trips during the 1999 National Roadside Sur- M.o.U. The only significant variation was that British Colum-
vey (65). bia allowed 24,000 kg (52,910 lb) on any tridem spread from
The top ten configurations accounted for 92.45% of all trips, 2.44 to 3.70 m (96 to 146 in.), whereas the other three provinces
and coincidentally included all configurations that individually used the loads specified in the M.o.U. These provinces all took
contributed more than 1% of the total number of trips. Seven a principled approach to vehicles entering from other juris-
of the top ten configurations were specified in the M.o.U. The dictions, which were principally from or through neighbor-
other three were the tri-axle semitrailer that was widely used in ing U.S. states. Vehicles that did not meet the new regulations
the six eastern provinces, the quad-axle semitrailer that was in these provinces were denied entry. Consequently, the
widely used in Ontario and Québec, and a 9-axle A-train fleets in these provinces have not been affected by the regula-
that was used between Ontario and Michigan. The remain- tions in the various neighboring states. These states, from
ing 25 configurations individually contributed between 0.08 Washington to North Dakota, regulate gross weight by an
and 0.52% of the total number of trips, and collectively con- uncapped bridge formula, which has tended to result in long
tributed 5.89% to the total number of trips. A-train configurations. The M.o.U. excludes these by length,
The tractor-tandem semitrailer (T12-2) was the most com- but not necessarily by their gross weight limit of 53,500 kg
mon configuration, by a wide margin, in all provinces, and (117,946 lb). However, the form of regulation has allowed these
made almost two-thirds of all cross-border truck trips, a pro- states to accommodate M.o.U. configurations, such as tri-
portion more than 60% higher than for all trips in Canada. This dem semitrailers and 8-axle B-trains. Tridem semitrailers
effectively depressed the proportion of all other configurations. with an added liftable axle operate between British Colum-
Two- and 3-axle straight trucks (S11 and S12) were the sec- bia and Washington at a gross weight up to about 45,360 kg
ond and fifth most common configurations, and made 9.88 (100,000 lb), and B-trains operate at a gross weight up to
and 2.38% of all cross-border truck trips, respectively. These 47,854 kg (105,500 lb). B-trains also operate on limited routes
are primarily local use vehicles in both urban and rural areas. within Montana, some at their Canadian weights.
The tractor-tridem semitrailer (T12-3) and 8-axle B-train
(T12-3-B2) were the third and fourth most common config-
urations, respectively, and together they made 4.77 and 3.2.3 Unanticipated Impacts
2.82% of all cross-border truck trips, respectively. The num- 3.2.3.1 Assessment of Dynamic Performance
bers of B-trains crossing the borders of the four western of Vehicles
provinces from their neighboring states is rather striking.
The bobtail tandem tractor was the sixth most common The CCMTA/RTAC Vehicle Weights and Dimensions
configuration, responsible for 2.24% of all trips. Study developed the concept that the dynamic performance of
The tractor-tri-axle semitrailer (T12-12) was the seventh heavy vehicles could be assessed against objective standards,
most common configuration, responsible for 1.29% of all and developed a process for doing this. Several provinces use
trips, from Ontario, Québec, and the four Atlantic Provinces. the performance measures to evaluate vehicles that fall outside
These vehicles can operate as a 6-axle vehicle in New York by of the M.o.U. definitions. These vehicles typically run under
special permit, and may also cross the border with the liftable special permit programs specifically designed to promote effi-
axle raised, carrying a tandem semitrailer load. cient transport.
The tractor-split tandem semitrailer (T12-11) was the The M.o.U. configurations and allowable weights were based
eighth most common configuration, responsible for 1.21% of strictly on assessments of the performance of vehicles during the
all trips from Manitoba eastward. This is a common heavy CCMTA/RTAC Vehicle Weights and Dimensions Study. How-
haul vehicle in the United States that is outside the M.o.U. but ever, the M.o.U. addressed only tractor-semitrailers and dou-
continues to operate either by trip permit, by accommoda- ble trailer configurations. The regulations of each province
tion in regulation, or under old regulations. address all vehicle configurations. After the provinces had
The STAA double, with twin 8.53-m (28-ft) trailers (T11- amended their regulations to implement the M.o.U., they all
1-A11), was the ninth most common configuration, respon- had essentially the same question: Now that we know the
sible for 0.79% of all trips. This is a U.S. configuration used vehicles covered by the M.o.U. meet objective standards for
for light-package freight in the U.S. A 9-axle A-train double dynamic performance, how about all the other vehicles that
(T12-3-A111) was the tenth most common configuration, re- are allowed by our regulations? Most of these vehicles were
