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ACRP Report 47: Guidebook for Developing and Leasing Airport Property (2011)
Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP)

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Crider, Rick, Preisler, Matthew, Autin, Erin, Roth, Sanders, Fulton, Stephanie, Swartzlander, Julie, Tharp, Gary, Transportation Research Board. "3.2.6 Exclusive Rights." ACRP Report 47: Guidebook for Developing and Leasing Airport Property. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2011.

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Front Matter (R1-R11)
Summary (1-4)
1.1 Purpose of This Guidebook (5-5)
1.2 How to Use This Guidebook (6-6)
1.3 Research Approach (7-9)
2.1.1 Aeronautical Versus Nonaeronautical (10-10)
2.1.2 Land Lease (11-11)
2.1.5 Hangar Rental Agreement (12-12)
2.1.7 Airline Leases (13-14)
2.2 Essential Lease Elements (15-15)
2.2.4 Use of Premises (16-16)
2.2.6 Rent (17-17)
2.2.8 Operation and Maintenance (18-18)
2.2.10 Reversion/Reversionary Clause (19-19)
2.2.12 Rights, Reservations, and Obligations of Lessee (20-20)
2.2.15 Insurance Obligations (21-21)
2.2.16 Environmental (22-22)
2.2.17 Taxes and Fees (23-23)
2.2.19 Defaults (24-24)
2.2.21 Regulatory Compliance (25-25)
2.2.25 Force Majeure (26-26)
2.3.1 Noncompete Clause (27-27)
2.3.2 Right of First Refusal (28-28)
2.3.4 Term Extension Options (29-29)
Chapter 3 - Airport Owner/Sponsor Role (30-30)
3.1.1 Airport Master Plan (31-31)
3.1.2 Infrastructure Inventory Analysis (32-32)
3.1.4 Airport Business Plan (33-33)
3.2 Grant Assurances and Federal Compliance (34-34)
3.2.2 Community Considerations (35-35)
3.2.3 Land Management Compliance (36-36)
3.2.5 Business Practice Assurances (37-37)
3.2.6 Exclusive Rights (38-38)
3.2.7 Environmental Compliance (39-39)
3.3 Minimum Standards and Rules and Regulations (40-41)
3.5 Stakeholder Coordination (42-42)
3.5.2 Economic Development Agencies (43-43)
3.5.5 Colleges and Universities (44-44)
3.5.7 Federal Government (45-45)
3.6 Sociopolitical Considerations (46-46)
3.6.3 The Economic Development Role (47-47)
3.6.4 Incentives and Assurances (48-48)
4.1 Existing Agreements (49-49)
4.3 Funding (50-50)
4.4 Land and Facility Development (51-51)
4.5.1 Appraisal (52-52)
4.6 Airport Revenue Maximization (53-53)
4.7 External Stakeholder Resources (54-54)
5.1.1 Funding (55-55)
5.1.2 Quantifying Benefits - Pro Forma Analysis (56-56)
5.1.3 Capital Recovery Rates (57-57)
5.2.1 Return on Investment (58-59)
5.2.2 Financial Effects of Lease Components (60-60)
5.3.1 Debt/Equity Coverage (61-61)
5.4.1 Tax-Exempt Debt (62-62)
5.4.2 Private Financing (63-63)
5.6 Funding Sources (64-64)
5.6.1 Airport Improvement Program (65-65)
5.6.3 Alternative Grant Sources (66-66)
5.6.4 Private Capital (67-67)
6.1.1 Airport Planning (68-68)
6.1.4 Economic Impact Considerations (69-69)
6.2 Lease Execution (70-70)
6.2.3 Lease Rate Determination (71-71)
6.2.5 Reversion (72-72)
6.3.1 Project Analysis Checklist (73-73)
6.3.2 Lease Agreement Checklist (74-76)
Case Study Summaries (77-77)
Collin County Regional Airport (TKI) (78-79)
Monroe County Airport (BMG) (80-81)
Coastal Carolina Regional Airport (EWN) (82-83)
New Bedford Regional Airport (EWB) (84-84)
Albany International Airport (ALB) (85-87)
Baton Rouge Metropolitan Airport (BTR) (88-89)
Pittsburgh International Airport (PIT) (90-91)
Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport (ANC) (92-93)
George Bush Intercontinental Airport/Houston (IAH) (94-95)
Tampa International Airport (TPA) (96-99)
Project Attributes Matrix (100-101)
Project Stakeholder Matrix (102-103)
Appendix B - Acronyms (104-105)
Appendix C - Glossary (106-122)
Appendix D - References and Bibliography (123-126)
Appendix E - Nominated Airport Projects (127-129)
Abbreviations used without definitions in TRB publications (130-130)

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38 Guidebook for Developing and Leasing Airport Property airport sponsor, and, in certain cases, dictate business practices to airport tenants, even though the ultimate responsibility for compliance falls to the airport sponsor. The following paragraphs briefly summarize the core compliance mandates of each of the FAA Sponsor Assurances that speak to business practices of the airport sponsor, along with some descriptive examples of the intent of the assurances: Grant Assurance 22: Economic Nondiscrimination, addresses the equitable treatment of air- port tenants by the airport sponsor in assessing rates, charges, and lease terms. · The airport sponsor will make the airport available as an airport for public use on reasonable terms and without unjust discrimination to all types, kinds, and classes of aeronautical activ- ities, including commercial aeronautical activities offering services to the public at the airport. · Any commercial aeronautical business operating at airport must (1) furnish services on a rea- sonable basis to all airport users and (2) charge reasonable prices for each unit or service and be allowed to make reasonable and nondiscriminatory discounts, rebates, or other similar types of price reductions to volume purchasers. · Each FBO at the airport shall be subject to the same rates, fees, rentals, and other charges as are uniformly applicable to all other FBOs operating at the airport. · Air carriers (whether as a tenant, nontenant, or subtenant of another air carrier) shall be sub- ject to nondiscriminatory and substantially comparable rules, regulations, conditions, rates, fees, rentals, and other charges with respect to facilities. · The airport sponsor will not prevent any person, firm, or corporation operating aircraft on the airport from performing any services on its own aircraft with its own employees (includ- ing, but not limited to maintenance, repair, and fueling). Grant Assurance 24: Fee and Rental Structure, simply states that the airport sponsor must set rates, charges, and leasehold rents that, to the extent possible, will ensure the financial self- sustainability of the airport. This grant assurance instructs the airport sponsor to "maintain a fee and rental structure for the facilities and services at the airport which will make the airport as self- sustaining as possible under the circumstances existing at the particular airport, taking into account such factors as the volume of traffic and economy of collection." The assurance stipulates that federal funds cannot be included in the cost basis used to establish fees, rates, and charges to airport users. Grant Assurance 39: Competitive Access, addresses a reporting function required of the air- port sponsor (at a medium-hub or large-hub airport only) should the airport, due to lack of capacity, be unable to accommodate new or expanded service by a commercial carrier. This assurance states that if a large-hub or medium-hub airport sponsor is unable to accommodate one or more requests by an air carrier for access to gates or other facilities, the airport sponsor must report the situation to the FAA. The report must (1) describe the requests; (2) provide an explanation as to why the requests could not be accommodated; and (3) provide a time frame within which the airport will be able to accommodate the requests, if at all. 3.2.6 Exclusive Rights Exclusive Rights are discussed in great detail in Chapter 8 of the FAA Airport Compliance Man- ual (Order 5190.6B), and defined as "a power, privilege, or other right excluding or debarring another from enjoying or exercising a like power, privilege or right." The Compliance Manual further states that such a right "may be conferred either by express agreement, by imposition of unreasonable standards or requirements, or by another means." Noncompete clauses, if struc- tured in such a way that expressly forbids the airport sponsor from leasing airport property to a category of lessee (i.e., potential competition) and right of first refusal clauses that effectively