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Institutional Context for Emergency Response 13
National Transportation Policy
There is considerable FHWA guidance on traffic incident management using an all-hazards
approach. The following are two relevant transportation documents:
· The FHWA Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). (MUTCD, 2003) The pri-
mary purpose of the MUTCD is to establish standardized signing, markings, signaling, traffic con-
trol for various facilities, and, more germane to this 2010 Guide, temporary traffic control devices.
The relevance is that Chapter 6I of the MUTCD 2003 edition, "Control of Traffic Through Traf-
fic Incident Management Areas," requires that incident scenes must have maintenance of traffic
(MOT), or temporary traffic control (TTC), as it is called in the MUTCD, deployed to ensure the
safety of responders, victims, and the passing public. This applies to any incident that blocks any
part of any roadway for more than 30 minutes, whether it is a traffic crash or other traffic inci-
dent, or another natural or human-made incident that affects the roadway.
· National Unified Goal (NUG) for Traffic Incident Management.10 Unlike the foregoing doc-
uments, the NUG is just that--a goal, but one increasingly adopted by the TIM community
and by EM responders, as appropriate. The NUG for TIM is
Responder Safety;
Safe, Quick Clearance; and
Prompt, Reliable, Interoperable Communications.
The NUG for TIM was developed through a consensus process led by the National Traffic Inci-
dent Management Coalition (NTIMC) and it has been endorsed by over 18 national organizations.
The major goals above have 18 strategies for achieving those goals. The challenge is to propagate
the National Unified Goal down from the national association level to practicing responders.
The MUTCD is a transportation-agency document (required by law),11 but its requirements are
not widely known in some public safety agencies. In the process of participating in EM/ER planning
with their counterparts, state and other transportation agencies should educate their colleagues in
these requirements. Organizations like NTIMC have been successful in educating other agencies at
the association level, particularly through creation and adoption of the National Unified Goal.
Institutional Architecture of Emergency Response
Two contexts explain the institutional architecture of EM/ER: the authorities for EM/ER and
the organizational relationships.
Institutional Authority Context
The underlying bases for this process are HSPD-5, -7, and -8. Figures 2 through 4 illustrate how
DHS has implemented the three HSPDs. These documents are effectively mandatory for any agency
wishing to receive Federal Disaster Relief funds. Many, if not all states have enacted legislation
requiring the use of NIMS, and thus all other pertinent policies and guidelines within their states;
this includes local governments.
10
Available at http://timcoalition.org/?siteid=41.
11
The Highway Safety Act of 1966 decreed that traffic control devices on all streets and highways open to pub-
lic travel in accordance with 23 U.S.C. 109(d) and 402(a) in each state shall be in substantial conformance
with the Standards issued or endorsed by FHWA. Public Law 23 CFR 655.603 adopted the MUTCD as the
national standard for any street, highway, or bicycle trail open to public travel in accordance with 23 U.S.C.
109(d) and 402(a). The Uniform Vehicle Code (UVC) is one of the publications referenced in the MUTCD.
Adapted from MUTCD, 2003.
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14 A Guide to Emergency Response Planning at State Transportation Agencies
Figure 2. Implementation of HSPD-5, Management of
Domestic Incidents.
Figure 3. Implementation of HSPD-7, Infrastructure
Identification, Prioritization, and Protection.
