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ACRP
AIRPORT
COOPERATIVE
RESEARCH
PROGRAM
REPORT 41
Sponsored by
the Federal
Aviation
Administration
Guide to the Decision-Making
Tool for Evaluating
Passenger Self-Tagging
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ACRP OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE* TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD 2010 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE*
CHAIR OFFICERS
James Wilding CHAIR: Michael R. Morris, Director of Transportation, North Central Texas Council of
Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority (re- Governments, Arlington
tired)
VICE CHAIR: Neil J. Pedersen, Administrator, Maryland State Highway Administration, Baltimore
VICE CHAIR EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Robert E. Skinner, Jr., Transportation Research Board
Jeff Hamiel MEMBERS
MinneapolisSt. Paul
Metropolitan Airports Commission J. Barry Barker, Executive Director, Transit Authority of River City, Louisville, KY
Allen D. Biehler, Secretary, Pennsylvania DOT, Harrisburg
MEMBERS Larry L. Brown, Sr., Executive Director, Mississippi DOT, Jackson
James Crites Deborah H. Butler, Executive Vice President, Planning, and CIO, Norfolk Southern Corporation,
DallasFort Worth International Airport Norfolk, VA
Richard de Neufville William A.V. Clark, Professor, Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Kevin C. Dolliole
Eugene A. Conti, Jr., Secretary of Transportation, North Carolina DOT, Raleigh
Unison Consulting Nicholas J. Garber, Henry L. Kinnier Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, and Director,
John K. Duval Center for Transportation Studies, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
Austin Commercial, LP Jeffrey W. Hamiel, Executive Director, Metropolitan Airports Commission, Minneapolis, MN
Kitty Freidheim Paula J. Hammond, Secretary, Washington State DOT, Olympia
Freidheim Consulting
Steve Grossman
Edward A. (Ned) Helme, President, Center for Clean Air Policy, Washington, DC
Jacksonville Aviation Authority Adib K. Kanafani, Cahill Professor of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley
Tom Jensen Susan Martinovich, Director, Nevada DOT, Carson City
National Safe Skies Alliance Debra L. Miller, Secretary, Kansas DOT, Topeka
Catherine M. Lang Sandra Rosenbloom, Professor of Planning, University of Arizona, Tucson
Federal Aviation Administration
Gina Marie Lindsey Tracy L. Rosser, Vice President, Corporate Traffic, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Mandeville, LA
Los Angeles World Airports Steven T. Scalzo, Chief Operating Officer, Marine Resources Group, Seattle, WA
Carolyn Motz Henry G. (Gerry) Schwartz, Jr., Chairman (retired), Jacobs/Sverdrup Civil, Inc., St. Louis, MO
Hagerstown Regional Airport Beverly A. Scott, General Manager and Chief Executive Officer, Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit
Richard Tucker Authority, Atlanta, GA
Huntsville International Airport
David Seltzer, Principal, Mercator Advisors LLC, Philadelphia, PA
EX OFFICIO MEMBERS
Daniel Sperling, Professor of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science and Policy; Director, Institute of
Transportation Studies; and Interim Director, Energy Efficiency Center, University of California, Davis
Paula P. Hochstetler Kirk T. Steudle, Director, Michigan DOT, Lansing
Airport Consultants Council
Sabrina Johnson Douglas W. Stotlar, President and CEO, Con-Way, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency C. Michael Walton, Ernest H. Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering, University of Texas, Austin
Richard Marchi
Airports Council International--North America EX OFFICIO MEMBERS
Laura McKee
Air Transport Association of America Peter H. Appel, Administrator, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, U.S.DOT
Henry Ogrodzinski J. Randolph Babbitt, Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S.DOT
National Association of State Aviation Officials Rebecca M. Brewster, President and COO, American Transportation Research Institute, Smyrna, GA
Melissa Sabatine George Bugliarello, President Emeritus and University Professor, Polytechnic Institute of New York
American Association of Airport Executives
Robert E. Skinner, Jr. University, Brooklyn; Foreign Secretary, National Academy of Engineering, Washington, DC
Transportation Research Board Anne S. Ferro, Administrator, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, U.S.DOT
LeRoy Gishi, Chief, Division of Transportation, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of the
SECRETARY Interior, Washington, DC
Christopher W. Jenks Edward R. Hamberger, President and CEO, Association of American Railroads, Washington, DC
Transportation Research Board John C. Horsley, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials, Washington, DC
David T. Matsuda, Deputy Administrator, Maritime Administration, U.S.DOT
Victor M. Mendez, Administrator, Federal Highway Administration, U.S.DOT
William W. Millar, President, American Public Transportation Association, Washington, DC
Tara O'Toole, Under Secretary for Science and Technology, U.S. Department of Homeland Security,
Washington, DC
Robert J. Papp (Adm., U.S. Coast Guard), Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Department of
Homeland Security, Washington, DC
Cynthia L. Quarterman, Administrator, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration,
U.S.DOT
Peter M. Rogoff, Administrator, Federal Transit Administration, U.S.DOT
David L. Strickland, Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S.DOT
Joseph C. Szabo, Administrator, Federal Railroad Administration, U.S.DOT
Polly Trottenberg, Assistant Secretary for Transportation Policy, U.S.DOT
Robert L. Van Antwerp (Lt. Gen., U.S. Army), Chief of Engineers and Commanding General,
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC
*Membership as of October 2010. *Membership as of October 2010.
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AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM
ACRP REPORT 41
Guide to the Decision-Making
Tool for Evaluating
Passenger Self-Tagging
Francis Barich
Justin Phy
Rick Belliotti
BARICH, INC.
Chandler, AZ
Ron Hiscox
AIRPORT PROCESS DESIGN, LTD.
Montréal, Canada
Rose Agnew
AVIATION INNOVATION, INC.
St. Louis, MO
Subscriber Categories
Aviation
Research sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD
WASHINGTON, D.C.
2011
www.TRB.org
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AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM ACRP REPORT 41
Airports are vital national resources. They serve a key role in trans- Project 10-07
portation of people and goods and in regional, national, and inter- ISSN 1935-9802
national commerce. They are where the nation's aviation system ISBN 978-0-309-15528-1
connects with other modes of transportation and where federal respon- Library of Congress Control Number 2010941672
sibility for managing and regulating air traffic operations intersects
with the role of state and local governments that own and operate most © 2011 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
airports. Research is necessary to solve common operating problems,
to adapt appropriate new technologies from other industries, and to
introduce innovations into the airport industry. The Airport Coopera- COPYRIGHT INFORMATION
tive Research Program (ACRP) serves as one of the principal means by
Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining
which the airport industry can develop innovative near-term solutions
written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously
to meet demands placed on it. published or copyrighted material used herein.
The need for ACRP was identified in TRB Special Report 272: Airport
Research Needs: Cooperative Solutions in 2003, based on a study spon- Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this
publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the
sored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The ACRP carries understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB or FAA endorsement
out applied research on problems that are shared by airport operating of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the
agencies and are not being adequately addressed by existing federal material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate
research programs. It is modeled after the successful National Coopera- acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of
tive Highway Research Program and Transit Cooperative Research Pro- the material, request permission from CRP.
gram. The ACRP undertakes research and other technical activities in a
variety of airport subject areas, including design, construction, mainte-
nance, operations, safety, security, policy, planning, human resources, NOTICE
and administration. The ACRP provides a forum where airport opera-
tors can cooperatively address common operational problems. The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the Airport Cooperative Research
Program, conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of the
The ACRP was authorized in December 2003 as part of the Vision Governing Board of the National Research Council.
100-Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act. The primary partici-
pants in the ACRP are (1) an independent governing board, the ACRP The members of the technical panel selected to monitor this project and to review this
report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance.
Oversight Committee (AOC), appointed by the Secretary of the U.S.
The report was reviewed by the technical panel and accepted for publication according to
Department of Transportation with representation from airport oper- procedures established and overseen by the Transportation Research Board and approved
ating agencies, other stakeholders, and relevant industry organizations by the Governing Board of the National Research Council.
such as the Airports Council International-North America (ACI-NA),
The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the
the American Association of Airport Executives (AAAE), the National researchers who performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation
Association of State Aviation Officials (NASAO), and the Air Transport Research Board, the National Research Council, or the program sponsors.
Association (ATA) as vital links to the airport community; (2) the TRB
The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research
as program manager and secretariat for the governing board; and Council, and the sponsors of the Airport Cooperative Research Program do not endorse
(3) the FAA as program sponsor. In October 2005, the FAA executed a products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers' names appear herein solely because
contract with the National Academies formally initiating the program. they are considered essential to the object of the report.
The ACRP benefits from the cooperation and participation of airport
professionals, air carriers, shippers, state and local government officials,
equipment and service suppliers, other airport users, and research orga-
nizations. Each of these participants has different interests and respon-
sibilities, and each is an integral part of this cooperative research effort.
Research problem statements for the ACRP are solicited periodically
but may be submitted to the TRB by anyone at any time. It is the
responsibility of the AOC to formulate the research program by iden-
tifying the highest priority projects and defining funding levels and
expected products.
Once selected, each ACRP project is assigned to an expert panel,
appointed by the TRB. Panels include experienced practitioners and
research specialists; heavy emphasis is placed on including airport pro-
fessionals, the intended users of the research products. The panels pre-
pare project statements (requests for proposals), select contractors, and
provide technical guidance and counsel throughout the life of the
project. The process for developing research problem statements and Published reports of the
selecting research agencies has been used by TRB in managing cooper- AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM
ative research programs since 1962. As in other TRB activities, ACRP
are available from:
project panels serve voluntarily without compensation.
Primary emphasis is placed on disseminating ACRP results to the Transportation Research Board
Business Office
intended end-users of the research: airport operating agencies, service 500 Fifth Street, NW
providers, and suppliers. The ACRP produces a series of research Washington, DC 20001
reports for use by airport operators, local agencies, the FAA, and other
interested parties, and industry associations may arrange for work- and can be ordered through the Internet at
shops, training aids, field visits, and other activities to ensure that http://www.national-academies.org/trb/bookstore
results are implemented by airport-industry practitioners. Printed in the United States of America
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COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAMS
CRP STAFF FOR ACRP REPORT 41
Christopher W. Jenks, Director, Cooperative Research Programs
Crawford F. Jencks, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs
Michael R. Salamone, ACRP Manager
Marci A. Greenberger, Senior Program Officer
Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications
Scott E. Hitchcock, Editor
ACRP PROJECT 10-07 PANEL
Field of Operations
Andrew Kirchhoff, Corgan Associates, Inc., Dallas, TX (Chair)
Jerry L. Allen, Palm Beach County (FL) Department of Airports, West Palm Beach, FL
Anthony T. Cerino, BPS, LLC, Bedminster, PA
Ron Crain, Burns & McDonnell, Kansas City, MO
James J. Gaydos, American Airlines, Inc., Fort Worth, TX
Michael La Pier, Sacramento County (CA) Airport System, Sacramento, CA
Duane M. I. Siguenza, Continental Airlines, Inc., Houston, TX
Rebecca Henry, FAA Liaison
Matthew J. Griffin, Airports Council International - North America Liaison
Christine Gerencher, TRB Liaison
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FOREWORD
By Marci A. Greenberger
Staff Officer
Transportation Research Board
ACRP Report 41: Guide to the Decision-Making Tool for Evaluating Passenger Self-Tagging
provides the information and tools, included on accompanying CD-ROM, necessary for an
airport or airline to determine the appropriateness of pursuing passenger self-tagging
should it be allowed in the United States in the future. The tools, in an Excel Spreadsheet
format, allow for the input of airport-specific information, such as facility size and passen-
ger flows, while also providing industry averages to assist those airports and airlines that
haven't yet collected their individual information. The decision-making tools provide both
qualitative and quantitative information that can then be used to assess if passenger self-
tagging meets organizational needs or fits into their strategic plan.
While passenger self-tagging is not yet in place in the United States, the Transportation
Security Administration (TSA) has indicated openness to the concept and has allowed it for
selected flights from Montréal into the United States. In fact, the TSA recently approved the
start of pilot programs for passenger self-tagging in the United States. The selected airports
and airlines have begun the planning phases, and are expected to begin the actual pilots this
year or next. These decision-making tools will assist airports and airlines in considering par-
ticipation in the self-tagging.
Passenger self-tagging is the next step in the evolution of self-service passenger process-
ing that has included self-service kiosks, web-based check-in, and "mobile" boarding passes.
Both airports and airlines seek ways in which to use their resources in the most efficient
manner possible, including terminal capacity. Passenger self-tagging is an evolution of self-
service processing, which can allow for better utilization of terminal space and resources for
airlines.
There are several perceived and real benefits that can be derived from passenger self-
tagging. An increase in customer satisfaction can be one area as self-tagging can decrease the
processing time. Under ACRP Project 10-07, Barich, Inc. was retained to develop a deci-
sion-making tool that can be used by both airports and airlines. The research team reviewed
the current state of knowledge and practice of passenger self-tagging in both foreign and
domestic airports. They conducted interviews with both airlines and airports and identified
the variables that should be considered in a benefit-cost analysis. The outcomes of the
research are the two decision-making tools that can be used by airports and airlines to assess
self-tagging and a checklist of next steps to move toward implementation.
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AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The research discussed in this report was performed under ACRP Project 10-07, "Decision-Making
Tool for Evaluating Passenger Self-Tagging," by a research team of recognized experts in airport passen-
ger processing and technology solutions. Barich, Inc., was the primary research consultant. Francis Barich,
president of Barich, Inc., was the principal investigator and Justin Phy, vice president at Barich, Inc., was
the project administrator. The other authors were Rick Belliotti, vice president at Barich, Inc.; Ron Hiscox,
principal at Airport Process Design, Ltd.; Rose Agnew, principal at Aviation Innovation, Inc.; and Pam
Bell, project researcher at Barich, Inc. Providing technical writing and final graphics of the final report
were Marc Gartenfeld and David Van Akkeren. Finally, special acknowledgment is given to Larry Kertz of
SITA Application Services and Herve Muller, vice president and general manager of IER, Inc., who pro-
vided their time and services during the research phases of the project.
The research team would like to express its gratitude to the members of the project panel for their
insightful comments and input throughout this research project. The research team would also like to
thank the staff at the Seattle-Tacoma International Airport and the Des Moines International Airport for
their participation in the verification of the tools presented in this report. In addition, the following air-
lines, airports, associations, and agencies provided key contributions through case studies and interviews,
for which the research team is very grateful:
· Airports: London Heathrow Airport; Montréal Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport; Toronto
Pearson International Airport; Vancouver International Airport; Dublin Airport; Stockholm-Arlanda
Airport; Amsterdam Airport Schiphol; Geneva International Airport; Auckland Airport; Wellington
International Airport; and Christchurch Airport.
· Airlines: Air Canada; WestJet; American Airlines; Lufthansa; Air France; KLM; Aer Lingus; SAS; and
Air New Zealand.
· Regulatory Agencies: Transportation Security Administration (TSA); Civil Aviation Authority (CAA);
Department for Transport (DfT); and Transport Canada (TC).
· Industry Associations: American Association of Airport Executives (AAAE); Airport Consultants
Council (ACC); Airports Council International (ACI); Air Transport Association (ATA); and Inter-
national Air Transport Association (IATA).
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CONTENTS
1 Summary
4 Chapter 1 Background
4 Historical Overview
6 Current State of the Industry
7 Passenger Self-Tagging Implementations--Common Use or Exclusive Use
10 Chapter 2 Research Approach
10 Introduction
11 Approach for Assessing and Verifying the Passenger Self-Tagging Process
13 Chapter 3 Findings
13 Summary of Case Study Findings
16 On-Site Verification Findings
18 Chapter 4 Recommended Next Steps for Implementation
23 Chapter 5 The Self-Tagging Decision-Making Tool User Guide
23 Overview
24 Assessment Tool--User Guide
31 Simulation Tool--User Guide
41 References
43 Acronyms and Initialisms
45 Appendix A Research Documentation
46 Appendix B Simulation Tool--Industry-Based Data Values
48 Appendix C Assessment Tool Content Information
Note: Many of the photographs, figures, and tables in this report have been converted from color to grayscale
for printing. The electronic version of the report (posted on the Web at www.trb.org) retains the color versions.
