National Academies Press: OpenBook
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Development of a Precast Bent Cap System for Seismic Regions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14484.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Development of a Precast Bent Cap System for Seismic Regions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14484.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Development of a Precast Bent Cap System for Seismic Regions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14484.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Development of a Precast Bent Cap System for Seismic Regions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14484.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Development of a Precast Bent Cap System for Seismic Regions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14484.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Development of a Precast Bent Cap System for Seismic Regions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14484.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Development of a Precast Bent Cap System for Seismic Regions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14484.
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Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

TRANSPORTAT ION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 2011 www.TRB.org N A T I O N A L C O O P E R A T I V E H I G H W A Y R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M NCHRP REPORT 681 Subscriber Categories Highways • Bridges and Other Structures Development of a Precast Bent Cap System for Seismic Regions José I. Restrepo UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO La Jolla, CA Matthew J. Tobolski TOBOLSKI | WATKINS ENGINEERING, INC. San Diego, CA Eric E. Matsumoto CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, SACRAMENTO Sacramento, CA Research sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration

NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM Systematic, well-designed research provides the most effective approach to the solution of many problems facing highway administrators and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local interest and can best be studied by highway departments individually or in cooperation with their state universities and others. However, the accelerating growth of highway transportation develops increasingly complex problems of wide interest to highway authorities. These problems are best studied through a coordinated program of cooperative research. In recognition of these needs, the highway administrators of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials initiated in 1962 an objective national highway research program employing modern scientific techniques. This program is supported on a continuing basis by funds from participating member states of the Association and it receives the full cooperation and support of the Federal Highway Administration, United States Department of Transportation. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies was requested by the Association to administer the research program because of the Board’s recognized objectivity and understanding of modern research practices. The Board is uniquely suited for this purpose as it maintains an extensive committee structure from which authorities on any highway transportation subject may be drawn; it possesses avenues of communications and cooperation with federal, state and local governmental agencies, universities, and industry; its relationship to the National Research Council is an insurance of objectivity; it maintains a full-time research correlation staff of specialists in highway transportation matters to bring the findings of research directly to those who are in a position to use them. The program is developed on the basis of research needs identified by chief administrators of the highway and transportation departments and by committees of AASHTO. Each year, specific areas of research needs to be included in the program are proposed to the National Research Council and the Board by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Research projects to fulfill these needs are defined by the Board, and qualified research agencies are selected from those that have submitted proposals. Administration and surveillance of research contracts are the responsibilities of the National Research Council and the Transportation Research Board. The needs for highway research are many, and the National Cooperative Highway Research Program can make significant contributions to the solution of highway transportation problems of mutual concern to many responsible groups. The program, however, is intended to complement rather than to substitute for or duplicate other highway research programs. Published reports of the NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM are available from: Transportation Research Board Business Office 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 and can be ordered through the Internet at: http://www.national-academies.org/trb/bookstore Printed in the United States of America NCHRP REPORT 681 Project 12-74 ISSN 0077-5614 ISBN 978-0-309-15533-5 Library of Congress Control Number 2010943434 © 2011 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, FAA, FHWA, FMCSA, FTA, or Transit Development Corporation endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. NOTICE The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program, conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The members of the technical panel selected to monitor this project and to review this report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance. The report was reviewed by the technical panel and accepted for publication according to procedures established and overseen by the Transportation Research Board and approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the researchers who performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Council, or the program sponsors. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research Council, and the sponsors of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of the report.

CRP STAFF FOR NCHRP REPORT 681 Christopher W. Jenks, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Crawford F. Jencks, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs Waseem Dekelbab, Senior Program Officer Danna Powell, Senior Program Assistant Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications Ellen M. Chafee, Editor NCHRP PROJECT 12-74 PANEL Field of Design—Area of Bridges Richard A. Pratt, Alaska DOT and Public Facilities, Juneau, AK (Chair) Xiaohua Hannah Cheng, New Jersey DOT, Trenton, NJ Carl J. Fuselier, Arkansas SHTD, Little Rock, AR Jim Ma, California DOT, Sacramento, CA Richard Marchione, New York State DOT, Albany, NY Chuck Prussack, Central Pre-Mix Prestress Company, Spokane, WA Holly Winston, Oregon DOT, Salem, OR Lloyd M. Wolf, Texas DOT, Austin, TX Derrell A. Manceaux, FHWA Liaison Stephen F. Maher, TRB Liaison AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The research reported herein was performed under NCHRP Project 12-74 by the Department of Struc- tural Engineering at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). Dr. José I. Restrepo, Professor of Structural Engineering at UCSD, was the Principal Investigator. Dr Eric E. Matsumoto, P.E., from Cali- fornia State University, Sacramento (CSUS), was the Co-Principal Investigator. The other author of this report is Dr. Matthew J. Tobolski, P.E., former graduate researcher at UCSD and current President of Tobolski Watkins Engineering, Inc. Other invaluable members of the research team include Mary Lou Ralls, P.E., of Ralls Newman, LLC; Steve Mislinski, P.E., of LAN/AECOM; and Dr. M.J. Nigel Priestley and Jon Grafton of Pomeroy Corpo- ration. Additionally, industry oversight was provided by Dr. Reid Castrodale, P.E., of Carolina Stalite; Bill Spence, P.E., of Tidewater Skanska, Inc.; Lucian Bodgan, P.E., of Dywidag Systems International; Robert Gulyas of BASF; Scott Harrigan, P.E., of The Fort Miller Co., Inc.; and Daniel Tassin, P.E., of International Bridge Technologies. As a significant portion of this research relied on experimental testing, the excep- tional efforts and dedication of the lab staff of both UCSD and CSUS must be acknowledged. C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S

This report develops and validates precast concrete bent cap systems for use throughout the nation’s seismic regions. The report also includes a series of recommended updates to the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, Guide Specification for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design, and AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications that will provide safe and reliable seismic resistance in a cost-effective, durable, and constructible manner. The material in this report will be of immediate interest to bridge engineers. Precast bent cap systems are of increasing utility in highway construction. Precasting moves concrete forming, pouring, and curing operations out of the work zone, making bridge construction safer and more environmentally friendly, and it removes bent cap construction from the critical path, thus accelerating the construction process. Precasting also improves quality and durability because the work is performed in a more controlled environment. The accelerated construction benefits of precast bent cap systems support the philosophy of “get in, get out, stay out.” Successful use of precast bent caps relies on proper design, constructibility, and performance of the connections. Early uses of precast bent caps were limited to applications where minimal moment and shear transfer were required at connections. In seismic regions, provisions normally must be made to transfer greater forces through connections. The research was performed under NCHRP Project 12-74 by the University of California, San Diego, with the assistance of California State University, Sacramento; Tobolski Watkins Engineering, Inc.; and Ralls Newman, LLC. The research presented herein develops and validates design methodologies, recommends design and construction specifications, and provides design examples and example connection details for precast bent cap systems using emulative and hybrid connections for integral and nonintegral systems for all seismic regions throughout the United States. A number of deliverables are provided as attachments to this report, including design flow charts, design examples, example connection details, specimen drawings, specimen test reports, and an implementation plan from the research agency’s final report. These are not published herein but are available on the TRB website at www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/ 164089.aspx. These attachments are titled as follows: • Attachment DS—Design Specifications • Attachment DE—Design Examples • Attachment CS—Construction Specifications F O R E W O R D By Waseem Dekelbab Staff Officer Transportation Research Board

• Attachment ECD—Example Connection Details • Attachment SD —Specimen Drawings • Attachment TR—Test Reports • Attachment CPT—Corrugated Pipe Thickness • Attachment IP—NCHRP 12-74 Implementation Plan

C O N T E N T S 1 Summary 5 Chapter 1 Introduction 5 1.1 Background 7 1.2 Implications for Bridge Design and Construction 7 1.3 Key Results from Initial Report 8 1.4 Summary of Experimental Specimens 9 Chapter 2 Findings 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Description of Experimental Test Program 33 2.3 Test Results 59 2.4 Analytical Results 62 Chapter 3 Interpretation, Appraisal, and Applications 62 3.1 Overview 62 3.2 Development of Design Specifications 82 3.3 Proposed Changes to AASHTO Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design and AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications 83 3.4 Design Flow Charts and Design Examples 84 3.5 Development of Construction Specifications 92 3.6 Proposed Changes to AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications 92 3.7 Example Connection Details 94 Chapter 4 Conclusions 94 4.1 Test Specimens 97 4.2 Design Specifications 99 4.3 Design Flow Charts and Design Examples 100 4.4 Construction Specifications 101 4.5 Example Connection Details 101 4.6 Implementation Plan 102 References 104 Unpublished Material

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TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 681: Development of a Precast Bent Cap System for Seismic Regions explores the development and validation of precast concrete bent cap systems for use throughout the nation’s seismic regions.

The report also includes a series of recommended updates to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Bridge Design Specifications, Guide Specification for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design, and AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications that will provide safe and reliable seismic resistance in a cost-effective, durable, and constructible manner.

A number of deliverables are provided as attachments to NCHRP Report 681, including design flow charts, design examples, example connection details, specimen drawings, specimen test reports, and an implementation plan from the research agency’s final report. These attachments, which are only available online, are titled as follows:

Attachment DS—Design Specifications

Attachment DE—Design Examples

Attachment CS—Construction Specifications

Attachment ECD—Example Connection Details

Attachment SD —Specimen Drawings

Attachment TR—Test Reports

Attachment CPT—Corrugated Pipe Thickness

Attachment IP—NCHRP 12-74 Implementation Plan

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