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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Guidelines for the Preservation of High-Traffic-Volume Roadways. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14487.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Guidelines for the Preservation of High-Traffic-Volume Roadways. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14487.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Guidelines for the Preservation of High-Traffic-Volume Roadways. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14487.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Guidelines for the Preservation of High-Traffic-Volume Roadways. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14487.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Guidelines for the Preservation of High-Traffic-Volume Roadways. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14487.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Guidelines for the Preservation of High-Traffic-Volume Roadways. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14487.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Guidelines for the Preservation of High-Traffic-Volume Roadways. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14487.
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Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

T R A N S P O R T A T I O N R E S E A R C H B O A R D WASHINGTON, D.C. 2011 www.TRB.org The Second S T R A T E G I C H I G H W A Y R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M REPORT S2-R26-RR-2 Guidelines for the Preservation of High-Traffic-Volume Roadways D. PESHKIN, K. L. SMITH, A. WOLTERS, AND J. KRSTULOVICH Applied Pavement Technology, Inc. Urbana, Illinois J. MOULTHROP AND C. ALVARADO Fugro Consultants, Inc. Austin, Texas

Subscriber Categories Highways Maintenance and Preservation Materials Pavements

The Second Strategic Highway Research Program America’s highway system is critical to meeting the mobility and economic needs of local communities, regions, and the na- tion. Developments in research and technology—such as ad- vanced materials, communications technology, new data collection technologies, and human factors science—offer a new opportunity to improve the safety and reliability of this im- portant national resource. Breakthrough resolution of significant transportation problems, however, requires concentrated re- sources over a short time frame. Reflecting this need, the second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) has an intense, large-scale focus, integrates multiple fields of research and tech- nology, and is fundamentally different from the broad, mission- oriented, discipline-based research programs that have been the mainstay of the highway research industry for half a century. The need for SHRP 2 was identified in TRB Special Report 260: Strategic Highway Research: Saving Lives, Reducing Congestion, Improving Quality of Life, published in 2001 and based on a study sponsored by Congress through the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21). SHRP 2, modeled after the first Strategic Highway Research Program, is a focused, time- constrained, management-driven program designed to comple- ment existing highway research programs. SHRP 2 focuses on applied research in four focus areas: Safety, to prevent or reduce the severity of highway crashes by understanding driver behav- ior; Renewal, to address the aging infrastructure through rapid design and construction methods that cause minimal disrup- tions and produce lasting facilities; Reliability, to reduce conges- tion through incident reduction, management, response, and mitigation; and Capacity, to integrate mobility, economic, envi- ronmental, and community needs in the planning and designing of new transportation capacity. SHRP 2 was authorized in August 2005 as part of the Safe, Ac- countable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU). The program is managed by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) on behalf of the Na- tional Research Council (NRC). SHRP 2 is conducted under a memorandum of understanding among the American Associa- tion of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and the National Academy of Sciences, parent organization of TRB and NRC. The program provides for competitive, merit-based selection of re- search contractors; independent research project oversight; and dissemination of research results. SHRP 2 Report S2-R26-RR-2 ISBN: 978-0-309-12892-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2010942033 © 2011 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Copyright Information Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for ob- taining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. The second Strategic Highway Research Program grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permis- sion is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, or FHWA endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing material in this document for educational and not-for-profit purposes will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the ma- terial, request permission from SHRP 2. Note: SHRP 2 report numbers convey the program, focus area, project number, and publication format. Report numbers ending in “w” are published as Web Documents only. Notice The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the second Strategic Highway Research Program, conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The members of the technical committee selected to monitor this project and to review this report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance. The report was reviewed by the technical committee and accepted for publication according to procedures established and overseen by the Transportation Research Board and approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the researchers who performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Council, or the program sponsors. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research Council, and the sponsors of the second Strategic Highway Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of the report. SHRP 2 Reports Available by subscription and through the TRB online bookstore: www.TRB.org/bookstore Contact the TRB Business Office: 202-334-3213 More information about SHRP 2: www.TRB.org/SHRP2

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished schol- ars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. On the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and techni- cal matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Acad- emy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achieve- ments of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, on its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Acad- emy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scien- tific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both the Academies and the Insti- tute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. The Transportation Research Board is one of six major divisions of the National Research Council. The mission of the Transportation Research Board is to provide leadership in transportation innovation and progress through research and information exchange, conducted within a setting that is objective, interdisci- plinary, and multimodal. The Board’s varied activities annually engage about 7,000 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state transportation departments, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transporta- tion, and other organizations and individuals interested in the development of transportation. www.TRB.org www.national-academies.org

SHRP 2 STAFF Neil F. Hawks, Director Ann M. Brach, Deputy Director Kizzy Anderson, Senior Program Assistant, Implementation, Publications, and Communications Stephen Andrle, Chief Program Officer, Capacity James Bryant, Senior Program Officer, Renewal Mark Bush, Senior Program Officer, Renewal Kenneth Campbell, Chief Program Officer, Safety JoAnn Coleman, Senior Program Assistant, Capacity Walter Diewald, Senior Program Officer, Safety Jerry DiMaggio, Implementation Coordinator Charles Fay, Senior Program Officer, Safety Carol Ford, Senior Program Assistant, Safety Elizabeth Forney, Assistant Editor Jo Allen Gause, Senior Program Officer, Capacity Abdelmename Hedhli, Visiting Professional Ralph Hessian, Visiting Professional Andy Horosko, Special Consultant, Safety Field Data Collection William Hyman, Senior Program Officer, Reliability Linda Mason, Communications Officer Michael Miller, Senior Program Assistant, Reliability Gummada Murthy, Senior Program Officer, Reliability David Plazak, Senior Program Officer, Capacity and Reliability Robert Raab, International Coordinator Monica Starnes, Senior Program Officer, Renewal Noreen Stevenson-Fenwick, Senior Program Assistant, Renewal Chrystyne Talley, Financial Associate Charles Taylor, Special Consultant, Renewal Dean Trackman, Managing Editor Hans van Saan, Visiting Professional Pat Williams, Administrative Assistant Connie Woldu, Administrative Coordinator Patrick Zelinski, Communications Specialist ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration in cooperation with the American Associ- ation of State Highway and Transportation Officials. It was conducted in the second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2), which is administered by the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies. The project was managed by James W. Bryant, Jr., Senior Program Officer for SHRP 2 Renewal. The research reported on herein was performed by Applied Pavement Technology, Inc., supported by Fugro Consultants, Inc., and consultants Dr. R. Gary Hicks, Gerry Eller, and Dean Testa. David Peshkin, Applied Pavement Technology, Inc., was the principal investigator. The other authors of this report are Kelly Smith, Angie Wolters, and James Krstulovich of Applied Pavement Technology, Inc., and Jim Moulthrop and Cesar Alvarado of Fugro Consultants, Inc. The authors also acknowledge the contributions to this research from Katie Zimmerman, Kurt Smith, and RoseMary Evans, all of Applied Pavement Technology, Inc. Finally, the research team acknowledges with appreciation the time and efforts of the many highway agencies (states, provinces, cities, toll authorities) who responded to the survey upon which much of this report is based.

F O R E W O R D James W. Bryant, Jr., PhD, PE, SHRP 2 Senior Program Officer This research report documents the state of the practice for preservation treatment on asphalt and concrete pavements. Although the focus of the research project was on treat- ments suitable for application on high-volume roadways, this report also discusses current practices for low-volume roadways. The information presented is derived from a detailed survey of transportation agencies and a review of national and international literature. In addition, the report provides a general framework for how best practices are identified. Finally, general guidelines were developed on the application of preservation treatments on high-volume roadways. Presented as a separate document, the guidelines consider traf- fic volume, pavement condition, work-zone requirements, environmental conditions, and expected performance. For several years, pavement preservation has been an important strategy to extend the life of roadways. As transportation agencies grapple with decreased capital budgets, pavement preservation will continue to be an important strategy. Relatively small investments for preservation activities, if properly timed and applied, can increase infrastructure life signif- icantly. Several transportation agencies apply preservation strategies on lower-volume road- ways; however, the application of these strategies on high-volume roadways has lagged behind. The application of preservation strategies to high-traffic-volume roadways presents a complicated set of challenges. Many of the products and approaches that have been accepted for use on lower-traffic-volume roadways have not been accepted for use on high-traffic- volume roadways. Often, the use of a particular product or application has too great an impact on traffic, or the treatment has not been successfully applied under high-traffic condi- tions. The purpose of this report is to provide guidance for matching the pavement condition and other considerations more effectively with suitable treatments for high-traffic-volume roadways.

C O N T E N T S 1 CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 Background 1 Purpose 2 Definitions 3 Organization of the Guide 4 CHAPTER 2 Factors Affecting Project and Treatment Selections for Pavement Preservation 4 Traffic Level 5 Pavement Condition 6 Climate/Environment 8 Work Zone Duration Restrictions 9 Expected Treatment Performance 12 Costs 15 CHAPTER 3 Treatment Selection Process 15 Treatments for HMA-Surfaced Pavements 15 Treatments for PCC-Surfaced Pavements 15 Preservation Treatment Selection 17 Preliminary Identification of Feasible Preservation Treatments 19 Final Identification of Feasible Preservation Treatments 22 Treatment Cost-Effectiveness Analysis 28 Selection of the Preferred Preservation Treatment 31 References 32 Appendix A. Preservation Treatment Summaries 47 Appendix B. Examples of Identifying Feasible Preservation Treatments

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TRB’s second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Report S2-R26-RR-2: Guidelines for the Preservation of High-Traffic-Volume Roadways provides suggested guidelines for the application of preservation treatments on high-volume roadways. The guidelines consider traffic volume, pavement condition, work-zone requirements, environmental conditions, and expected performance.

Errata (October 2011): Table 3.2 (pp. 20-21) contained incorrect information in the following rows: chip seal (single); chip seal (double); and hot in-place recycling. The table has been corrected in the online version of the guide.

The same project that produced SHRP 2 Report S2-R26-RR-2 also produced SHRP 2 Report S2-R26-RR-1: Preservation Approaches for High-Traffic-Volume Roadways, which documents the state of the practice of preservation treatment on asphalt and concrete pavements. The report focuses on treatments suitable for application on high-traffic-volume roadways but also discusses current practices for low-volume roadways.

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