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Survey of Minimum Standards: Commercial Aeronautical Activities at Airports (2011)

Chapter: APPENDIX D Compendium of Comparative Minimum Standards

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Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX D Compendium of Comparative Minimum Standards." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Survey of Minimum Standards: Commercial Aeronautical Activities at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14491.
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Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX D Compendium of Comparative Minimum Standards." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Survey of Minimum Standards: Commercial Aeronautical Activities at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14491.
×
Page 44
Page 45
Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX D Compendium of Comparative Minimum Standards." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Survey of Minimum Standards: Commercial Aeronautical Activities at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14491.
×
Page 45
Page 46
Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX D Compendium of Comparative Minimum Standards." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Survey of Minimum Standards: Commercial Aeronautical Activities at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14491.
×
Page 46
Page 47
Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX D Compendium of Comparative Minimum Standards." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Survey of Minimum Standards: Commercial Aeronautical Activities at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14491.
×
Page 47
Page 48
Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX D Compendium of Comparative Minimum Standards." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Survey of Minimum Standards: Commercial Aeronautical Activities at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14491.
×
Page 48
Page 49
Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX D Compendium of Comparative Minimum Standards." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Survey of Minimum Standards: Commercial Aeronautical Activities at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14491.
×
Page 49
Page 50
Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX D Compendium of Comparative Minimum Standards." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Survey of Minimum Standards: Commercial Aeronautical Activities at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14491.
×
Page 50
Page 51
Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX D Compendium of Comparative Minimum Standards." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Survey of Minimum Standards: Commercial Aeronautical Activities at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14491.
×
Page 51
Page 52
Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX D Compendium of Comparative Minimum Standards." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Survey of Minimum Standards: Commercial Aeronautical Activities at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14491.
×
Page 52
Page 53
Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX D Compendium of Comparative Minimum Standards." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Survey of Minimum Standards: Commercial Aeronautical Activities at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14491.
×
Page 53
Page 54
Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX D Compendium of Comparative Minimum Standards." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Survey of Minimum Standards: Commercial Aeronautical Activities at Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14491.
×
Page 54

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44 APPENDIX D—Compendium of Comparative Minimum Standards The following tables identify the types of standards commonly included in airport Minimum Standards for the customary commercial aeronautical activities identified in this digest, and information concerning each stan- dard. Specifically, the tables include the following data for each standard: • Frequency—The number of airport Minimum Standards from among the subject documents that include the particular standard. • Mean—The arithmetic average for each standard. • Low—The lowest value for each standard. • High—The highest value for each standard. The tables are organized in rank order according to the frequency with which the particular commercial aero- nautical activity occurs at the 99 respondent airports, as detailed in Section V.57 It is important to note that this frequency is different from the frequency with which particular commercial aeronautical activities are ad- dressed within the subject documents. 57 Aircraft refurbishment is not included in the Compendium because none of the subject documents addressed this com- mercial aeronautical activity.

45 A. Fixed Base Operator Topic Frequency Mean Low High Addressed in Subject Docu- ments 34/39 Leased Premises—Land (sq. ft.) 20/34 194,866 12,000 435,600 Leased Premises—Ramp (sq. ft.) 18/34 102,376 14,067 250,000 Leased Premises—Hangars (sq. ft.) 22/34 24,255 5,000 74,500 Leased Premises—Other Buildings (sq. ft.) 23/34 7,337 200 50,000 Number of Refueling Vehi- cles—Jet A 12/34 1 3 Number of Refueling Vehi- cles—Avgas 13/34 1 2 Capacity of Refueling Vehi- cles—Jet A (gallons) 16/34 1,772 200 5,000 Capacity of Refueling Vehi- cles—Avgas (gallons) 17/34 675 200 1,200 Tugs 6/34 1 2 Non-Refueling Vehicles 10/34 1 2 Ground Support Equipment Specified 16/34 Fuel Storage—Jet A (gal) 23/34 15,261 2,000 40,000 Fuel Storage—Avgas (gal) 22/34 12,091 2,000 30,000 Fuel Storage—Mogas (gal) 1/34 500 Personnel 11/34 2.27 1 10 Number of Hours (per day) 22/34 14.91 8 24 Number of Days (per week) 27/34 6.70 5 7 Insurance—Commercial General Liability 21/34 $3,914,286 $100,000 $25,000,000

46 Topic Frequency Mean Low High Insurance—Business Auto- mobile Liability 9/34 $1,666,667 $1,000,000 $5,000,000 Insurance—Hangar Keeper’s Legal Liability (per aircraft) 9/34 $4,577,778 $100,000 $15,000,000 Insurance—Hangar Keeper’s Legal Liability (per occurrence) 18/34 $5,547,059 $300,000 $25,000,000 Insurance—Aircraft Passen- ger and Liability (per person) 4/34 $200,000 $100,000 $500,000 Insurance—Aircraft Passen- ger and Liability (per occur- rence) 16/34 $1,191,667 $300,000 $5,000,000 Insurance—Students and Renters 2/34 $175,000 $50,000 $300,000 Insurance—Environmental Liability 5/34 $3,000,000 $1,000,000 $5,000,000

47 B. Aircraft Storage Operator Topic Frequency Mean Low High Addressed in Subject Docu- ments 10/39 Leased Premises—Land (sq. ft.) 6/10 43,314 21,780 87,120 Leased Premises—Ramp (sq. ft.) 6/10 15,875 5,000 26,250 Leased Premises—Hangars (sq. ft.) 8/10 11,231 5,000 17,500 Leased Premises—Other Buildings (sq. ft.) 2/10 6,500 5,000 8,000 Insurance—Commercial General Liability 6/10 $850,000 $100,000 $1,000,000 Insurance—Business Auto- mobile Liability 5/10 $1,000,000 $1,000,000 $1,000,000 Insurance—Hangar Keeper’s Legal Liability (per aircraft) 5/10 $150,000 $100,000 $250,000 Insurance—Hangar Keeper’s Legal Liability (per occurrence) 5/10 $1,420,000 $300,000 $5,000,000 Insurance—Aircraft Passen- ger and Liability (per person) 2/10 $550,000 $100,000 $1,000,000 Insurance—Aircraft Passen- ger and Liability (per occur- rence) 2/10 $1,000,000 $1,000,000 $1,000,000

48 C. Aircraft Maintenance and Repair Operator Topic Frequency Mean Low High Addressed in Subject Docu- ments 30/39 Airframe Maintenance Re- quired 20/30 Powerplant Maintenance Re- quired 20/30 Leased Premises—Land (sq. ft.) 16/30 29,766 10,000 55,000 Leased Premises—Ramp (sq. ft.) 13/30 6,481 3,000 22,500 Leased Premises—Hangars (sq. ft.) 14/30 8,167 1,000 15,000 Leased Premises—Other Buildings (sq. ft.) 13/30 2,771 400 10,000 Leased Premises—All Build- ings (sq. ft.) 7/30 5,786 2,000 8,000 14 C.F.R. Part 145 Repair Station Specified 12/30 Personnel 21/30 1.25 1 3 Number of Hours (per day) 19/30 8.44 8 9 Number of Days (per week) 20/30 5 5 5 Insurance—Commercial General Liability 12/30 $1,850,000 $100,000 $5,000,000 Insurance—Business Auto- mobile Liability 6/30 $1,000,000 $1,000,000 $1,000,000 Insurance—Hangar Keeper’s Legal Liability (per aircraft) 9/30 $861,111 $100,000 $5,000,000 Insurance—Hangar Keeper’s Legal Liability (per occurrence) 5/30 $660,000 $300,000 $1,000,000 Insurance—Aircraft Passen- ger and Liability 4/30 $1,000,000 $1,000,000 $1,000,000 Insurance—Environmental Liability 2/30 $5,000,000 $5,000,000 $5,000,000

49 D. Flight Training/Instruction Operator Topic Frequency Mean Low High Addressed in Subject Docu- ments 24/39 Primary Training Required 3/24 Advanced Training Required 3/24 Leased Premises—Land (sq. ft.) 12/24 21,551 5,000 55,000 Leased Premises—Ramp (sq. ft.) 9/24 8,771 3,000 18,000 Leased Premises—Hangars (sq. ft.) 8/24 6,625 2,500 12,500 Leased Premises—Other Buildings (sq. ft.) 13/24 983 200 2,500 Leased Premises—All Build- ings (sq. ft.) 1/24 8,000 Number of Aircraft 18/24 2.35 1 6 Personnel 16/24 1.33 1 3 Number of Hours (per day) 17/24 8.25 8 9 Number of Days (per week) 18/24 5.35 5 7 Insurance—Commercial General Liability 12/24 $925,000 $100,000 $1,000,000 Insurance—Business Auto- mobile Liability 7/24 $892,857 $250,000 $1,000,000 Insurance—Hangar Keeper’s Legal Liability (per aircraft) 6/24 $280,000 $150,000 $500,000 Insurance—Hangar Keeper’s Legal Liability (per occurrence) 4/24 $1,575,000 $300,000 $5,000,000 Insurance—Aircraft Passen- ger and Liability (per person) 12/24 $643,750 $75,000 $2,000,000 Insurance—Aircraft Passen- ger and Liability (per occur- rence) 7/24 $3,428,571 $500,000 $10,000,000 Insurance—Students and Renters 6/24 $250,000 $50,000 $500,000

50 E. Aircraft Rental Operator Topic Frequency Mean Low High Addressed in Subject Docu- ments 23/39 Leased Premises—Land (sq. ft.) 12/23 53,348 5,000 435,660 Leased Premises—Ramp (sq. ft.) 9/23 8,321 3,000 15,000 Leased Premises—Hangars (sq. ft.) 10/23 5,500 1,000 12,500 Leased Premises—Other Buildings (sq. ft.) 13/23 854 100 2,500 Leased Premises—All Build- ings (sq. ft.) 1/23 6,400 Number of Aircraft 19/23 2 1 4 Personnel 17/23 1.25 1 3 Number of Hours (per day) 15/23 8.43 8 9 Number of Days (per week) 15/23 5.43 5 7 Insurance—Commercial General Liability 12/23 $925,000 $100,000 $1,000,000 Insurance—Business Auto- mobile Liability 7/23 $892,857 $250,000 $1,000,000 Insurance—Hangar Keeper’s Legal Liability (per aircraft) 7/23 $285,714 $100,000 $500,000 Insurance—Hangar Keeper’s Legal Liability (per occurrence) 5/23 $1,460,000 $300,000 $5,000,000 Insurance—Aircraft Passen- ger and Liability (per person) 11/23 $777,273 $100,000 $2,000,000 Insurance—Aircraft Passen- ger and Liability (per occur- rence) 7/23 $4,614,286 $300,000 $10,000,000 Insurance—Students and Renters 6/23 $250,000 $50,000 $500,000

51 F. Aircraft Charter Operator Topic Frequency Mean Low High Addressed in Subject Docu- ments 23/39 Leased Premises—Land (sq. ft.) 14/23 22,570 5,000 55,000 Leased Premises—Ramp (sq. ft.) 11/23 7,928 3,000 15,000 Leased Premises—Hangars (sq. ft.) 12/23 5,864 1,000 12,500 Leased Premises—Other Buildings (sq. ft.) 13/23 867 150 1,750 Leased Premises—All Build- ings (sq. ft.) 2/23 5,500 3,000 8,000 Number of Aircraft 20/23 1.53 1 3 Personnel 13/23 1.33 1 2 Number of Hours (per day) 17/23 9.44 8 24 Number of Days (per week) 17/23 5.25 5 7 Insurance—Commercial General Liability 13/23 $1,592,308 $100,00 $5,000,000 Insurance—Business Auto- mobile Liability 7/23 $1,571,429 $1,000,000 $5,000,000 Insurance—Hangar Keeper’s Legal Liability (per aircraft) 8/23 $825,000 $100,000 $5,000,000 Insurance—Hangar Keeper’s Legal Liability (per occurrence) 6/23 $1,266,667 $300,000 $5,000,000 Insurance—Aircraft Passen- ger and Liability (per person) 11/23 $1,922,727 $100,000 $10,000,000 Insurance—Aircraft Passen- ger and Liability (per occur- rence) 5/23 $800,000 $500,000 $1,000,000

52 G. Avionics/Instrument Sales, Maintenance, and Repair Operator Topic Frequency Mean Low High Addressed in Subject Docu- ments 17/39 Sales Required 1/17 Maintenance Required 5/17 Repair Required 5/17 Leased Premises—Land (sq. ft.) 11/17 28,839 1,000 54,450 Leased Premises—Ramp (sq. ft.) 10/17 11,307 3,000 22,500 Leased Premises—Hangars (sq. ft.) 11/17 7,633 2,000 15,000 Leased Premises—Other Buildings (sq. ft.) 13/17 1,060 400 3,500 Leased Premises—All Build- ings (sq. ft.) 1/17 2,000 14 C.F.R. Part 145 Repair Station Specified 6/17 Personnel 10/17 1.11 1 2 Number of Hours (per day) 13/17 8.42 8 9 Number of Days (per week) 14/17 5 5 5 Insurance—Commercial General Liability 10/17 $3,200,000 $1,000,000 $10,000,000 Insurance—Business Auto- mobile Liability 8/17 $906,250 $250,000 $1,000,000 Insurance—Hangar Keeper’s Legal Liability (per aircraft) 9/17 $805,556 $100,000 $5,000,000 Insurance—Hangar Keeper’s Legal Liability (per occurrence) 6/17 $1,300,000 $300,000 $5,000,000 Insurance—Aircraft Passen- ger and Liability 4/17 $1,000,000 $1,000,000 $1,000,000

53 H. Aircraft Sales Operator Topic Frequency Mean Low High Addressed in Subject Docu- ments 22/39 Threshold Number of Air- craft Sold Annually 12/22 2.08 1 4 Leased Premises—Land (sq. ft.) 15/22 21,850 10,000 55,000 Leased Premises—Ramp (sq. ft.) 12/22 8,486 3,000 15,000 Leased Premises—Hangars (sq. ft.) 10/22 6,167 2,500 12,500 Leased Premises—Other Buildings (sq. ft.) 15/22 1,032 100 4,800 Leased Premises—All Build- ings (sq. ft.) 1/22 3,000 Personnel 16/22 1.13 1 2 Number of Hours (per day) 18/22 8.53 8 9 Number of Days (per week) 19/22 5 5 5 Insurance—Commercial General Liability 10/22 $900,000 $100,000 $1,000,000 Insurance—Business Auto- mobile Liability 7/22 $1,000,000 $1,000,000 $1,000,000 Insurance—Hangar Keeper’s Legal Liability (per aircraft) 9/22 $788,889 $100,000 $5,000,000 Insurance—Hangar Keeper’s Legal Liability (per occurrence) 6/22 $516,667 $300,000 $1,000,000 Insurance—Aircraft Passen- ger and Liability (per person) 10/22 $565,000 $100,000 $1,000,000 Insurance—Aircraft Passen- ger and Liability (per occur- rence) 7/22 $2,214,286 $500,000 $10,000,000

54 I. Aircraft Management Operator (see Aircraft Charter Operator)58 58 With few exceptions, the requirements for Aircraft Management Operator are the same as, or very similar to, the re- quirements for Aircraft Charter Operator.

55 J. Agricultural Operator (Crop Dusting) Topic Frequency Mean Low High Addressed in Subject Docu- ments 8/39 Leased Premises—Land (sq. ft.) 6/8 25,357 5,000 55,000 Leased Premises—Ramp (sq. ft.) 3/8 11,173 7,000 15,000 Leased Premises—Hangars (sq. ft.) 3/8 8,333 5,000 12,500 Leased Premises—Other Buildings (sq. ft.) 3/8 573 320 1,000 Leased Premises—All Build- ings (sq. ft.) 1/8 3,000 Number of Aircraft 4/8 1 1 1 Personnel 4/8 1 1 1 Number of Hours (per day) 4/8 8.50 8 9 Number of Days (per week) 5/8 5.40 5 7 Insurance—Commercial General Liability 4/8 $775,000 $100,000 $1,000,000 Insurance—Hangar Keeper’s Legal Liability (per aircraft) 2/8 $300,000 $100,000 $500,000 Insurance—Hangar Keeper’s Legal Liability (per occurrence) 1/8 $300,000 Insurance—Aircraft Passen- ger and Liability (per person) 2/8 $625,000 $250,000 $1,000,000 Insurance—Aircraft Passen- ger and Liability (per occur- rence) 1/8 $500,000

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TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Legal Research Digest 11: Survey of Minimum Standards: Commercial Aeronautical Activities at Airports explores source material for adopting and enforcing minimum standards that airport owners and operators commonly impose on businesses that perform commercial aeronautical activities that occur at airports.

Examples of aeronautical activities include aircraft fueling, line (ground handing) services, maintenance and repair, storage, rental and flight training/instruction, sales, and charter and management. The report also explores current practices in the area of minimum standards and includes a compendium of comparative minimum standards.

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