National Academies Press: OpenBook
Page i
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Road Pricing: Public Perceptions and Program Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14492.
×
Page R1
Page ii
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Road Pricing: Public Perceptions and Program Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14492.
×
Page R2
Page iii
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Road Pricing: Public Perceptions and Program Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14492.
×
Page R3
Page iv
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Road Pricing: Public Perceptions and Program Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14492.
×
Page R4
Page v
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Road Pricing: Public Perceptions and Program Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14492.
×
Page R5
Page vi
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Road Pricing: Public Perceptions and Program Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14492.
×
Page R6
Page vii
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Road Pricing: Public Perceptions and Program Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14492.
×
Page R7
Page viii
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2011. Road Pricing: Public Perceptions and Program Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14492.
×
Page R8

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

TRANSPORTAT ION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 2011 www.TRB.org N A T I O N A L C O O P E R A T I V E H I G H W A Y R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M NCHRP REPORT 686 Subscriber Categories Administration and Management • Finance • Highways • Planning and Forecasting • Policy • Society Road Pricing: Public Perceptions and Program Development Anjali Mahendra Michael Grant ICF INTERNATIONAL Fairfax, VA Thomas Higgins Kiran Bhatt K. T. ANALYTICS, INC. Bethesda, MD Research sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration

NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM Systematic, well-designed research provides the most effective approach to the solution of many problems facing highway administrators and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local interest and can best be studied by highway departments individually or in cooperation with their state universities and others. However, the accelerating growth of highway transportation develops increasingly complex problems of wide interest to highway authorities. These problems are best studied through a coordinated program of cooperative research. In recognition of these needs, the highway administrators of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials initiated in 1962 an objective national highway research program employing modern scientific techniques. This program is supported on a continuing basis by funds from participating member states of the Association and it receives the full cooperation and support of the Federal Highway Administration, United States Department of Transportation. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies was requested by the Association to administer the research program because of the Board’s recognized objectivity and understanding of modern research practices. The Board is uniquely suited for this purpose as it maintains an extensive committee structure from which authorities on any highway transportation subject may be drawn; it possesses avenues of communications and cooperation with federal, state and local governmental agencies, universities, and industry; its relationship to the National Research Council is an insurance of objectivity; it maintains a full-time research correlation staff of specialists in highway transportation matters to bring the findings of research directly to those who are in a position to use them. The program is developed on the basis of research needs identified by chief administrators of the highway and transportation departments and by committees of AASHTO. Each year, specific areas of research needs to be included in the program are proposed to the National Research Council and the Board by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Research projects to fulfill these needs are defined by the Board, and qualified research agencies are selected from those that have submitted proposals. Administration and surveillance of research contracts are the responsibilities of the National Research Council and the Transportation Research Board. The needs for highway research are many, and the National Cooperative Highway Research Program can make significant contributions to the solution of highway transportation problems of mutual concern to many responsible groups. The program, however, is intended to complement rather than to substitute for or duplicate other highway research programs. Published reports of the NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM are available from: Transportation Research Board Business Office 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 and can be ordered through the Internet at: http://www.national-academies.org/trb/bookstore Printed in the United States of America NCHRP REPORT 686 Project 08-73 ISSN 0077-5614 ISBN 978-0-309-15543-4 Library of Congress Control Number 2011922251 © 2011 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, FAA, FHWA, FMCSA, FTA, or Transit Development Corporation endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. NOTICE The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program, conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The members of the technical panel selected to monitor this project and to review this report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance. The report was reviewed by the technical panel and accepted for publication according to procedures established and overseen by the Transportation Research Board and approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the researchers who performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Council, or the program sponsors. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research Council, and the sponsors of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of the report.

CRP STAFF FOR NCHRP REPORT 686 Christopher W. Jenks, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Crawford F. Jencks, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs Nanda Srinivasan, Senior Program Officer Charlotte Thomas, Senior Program Assistant Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications Natalie Barnes, Editor NCHRP PROJECT 08-73 PANEL Field of Transportation Planning—Area of Forecasting Mark F. Muriello, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, New York, NY (Chair) Kenneth R. Buckeye, Minnesota DOT, St. Paul, MN Robert E. Fellows, Washington State DOT, Seattle, WA Robin Grier, Virginia DOT, Richmond, VA Deborah Robertson, California DOT, Los Angeles, CA Bruce Schaller, New York City DOT, New York, NY Edward C. Sullivan, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA (deceased) Humberto A. Tasaico, North Carolina DOT, Raleigh, NC Kathy Daniel, FHWA Liaison Martine A. Micozzi, TRB Liaison C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S

This report describes road pricing concepts and discusses their potential effectiveness and applicability. It also provides guidelines for project planning and integrating pricing into regional and state planning processes, and for communicating strategies and engaging affected parties. The report is structured to aid both readers familiar and unfamiliar with road pricing, providing both a brief overview of the concepts as well as in depth informa- tion on the latest applications, impacts, operations, costs, and policy and acceptability considerations. The report is divided into two parts. Part 1 provides a review of six road pricing concepts and information for planners and decision makers to evaluate the potential of the concepts and understand the best engagement and communication strategies. Part 2 provides inter- view findings, literature reviews, and references to resource materials on planning, engage- ment, and communication related to road pricing strategies. The report will be of broad interest to state, regional, and local planners; project development staff; chief executives; and other decision makers. Road pricing (RP) has advanced over the years, moving from the level of basic research and economic and policy analysis to effective and acceptable implemented projects. The most popular and widespread RP concept to date has been conversion of high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes to high-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes and new-capacity HOT lane proj- ects. These projects have shown initial success in managing traffic more effectively, raising revenue for system investment, advancing greater travel reliability for roadway users, and creating new travel options. The objective of this research project was to develop both eas- ily digestible information and guidance as well as supporting detailed resource information to help planners; state, regional, and local decision makers; and stakeholders in transporta- tion developments to (1) understand transportation needs and challenges which RP can effectively address; (2) identify opportunities and conditions for applying and integrating RP into local, regional, and state projects and programs; and (3) develop effective commu- nication and public engagement actions to ensure best chances at acceptable and effective implementation of RP. A better understanding of how all these concepts apply to pressing problems of congestion, pollution, and lagging financial resources for transportation is needed to ensure that RP solutions are considered in projects and programs. Good articu- lation of the issues RP can address and of the best ways to advance acceptable and effective projects will boost attention to RP in the mix of solutions for the future. The research was performed by ICF International and K.T. Analytics. Information was gathered via literature review and interviews with practitioners. Six road pricing concepts F O R E W O R D By Nanda Srinivasan Staff Officer Transportation Research Board

for possible application based on experience to date are discussed: (1) conversion of exist- ing HOV or other lanes to HOT lanes; (2) variable pricing on new or rehabilitated facilities; (3) variable pricing on existing tolling facilities; (4) areawide/cordon pricing; (5) distance- based pricing; and (6) variable pricing applied to parking.

P A R T 1 Decision-Making and Planning Guide 3 Introduction 6 Section 1 Decision-Making Guide: Evaluating Road Pricing Potential for Your Local Area and Conditions 6 1.1 Road Pricing Concepts 6 1.1.1 Conversion of Existing HOV or Other Lanes to HOT Lanes 7 1.1.2 Variable Pricing on New or Rehabilitated Facilities and Regionwide Networks 7 1.1.3 Variable Pricing on Existing Toll Facilities 8 1.1.4 Areawide Pricing 8 1.1.5 Distance-Based Pricing or Mileage Fees 9 1.1.6 Parking Pricing 9 1.2 Local Community Goals 11 1.3 Existing Conditions and Policy Requirements 12 1.4 Planning, Acceptability and Engagement 16 Section 2 Planning Guide: Developing Road Pricing Plans and Programs 16 2.1 Checkpoints for Planning, Engagement, and Communication 17 2.1.1 Overview of Planning for Road Pricing 17 2.1.2 Planning Phases of Project Development 32 2.2 Road Pricing in the Transportation Planning Process 33 2.2.1 Overview of the Transportation Planning Process 35 2.2.2 Bringing Road Pricing into the Transportation Planning Process 41 2.3 Analytic, Policy, and Success Considerations for Each Road Pricing Concept 41 2.3.1 Conversion of Existing HOV and Other Lanes to HOT Lanes 43 2.3.2 Variable Pricing on New or Rehabilitated Facilities and Regionwide Networks 45 2.3.3 Variable Pricing on Existing Toll Facilities 47 2.3.4 Areawide Pricing 51 2.3.5 Mileage Fees 54 2.3.6 Parking Pricing P A R T 2 Resources and References 59 Section 3 Summary of Literature Review on Planning for Road Pricing 59 3.1 Domestic Scan of Congestion Pricing and Managed Lanes 60 3.2 GAO Report on MPOs 60 3.3 MPO Review on Congestion Policies by Anthony Downs C O N T E N T S

60 3.4 MPO Review for TEA-21 Reauthorization by Bruce Katz et al. 61 3.5 Decision-Making Framework for Pricing Decisions 61 3.6 Federal Interim Guidebooks and Briefing Book 62 3.7 Strategic Highway Research Program 2 Project C01 64 Section 4 Interview Findings 64 4.1 Road Pricing Emergence Factors 66 4.2 Relationship of RP with Regional Transportation Planning Requirements 66 4.3 Relationship of RP with Specific Planning Actions and Required Planning Processes 67 4.4 Role of State and State Department of Transportation in Planning for RP 68 4.5 Role of Federal Government in Planning for RP 69 4.6 Public/Stakeholder Involvement in RP Plans 70 4.7 Maximizing Attention to RP in Planning—Barriers and Opportunities 73 Appendix A Literature Review on Planning for Road Pricing 84 Appendix B Literature Review on Road Pricing Acceptability, Communication, and Engagement 95 Appendix C Interview Guide 97 Appendix D List of Interview Sites and Interviewees 98 Appendix E Interview Summaries Related to Planning for Road Pricing 117 Appendix F Interview Summaries Related to Communication and Engagement 133 Appendix G Planning Resources for the Road Pricing Concepts Note: Many of the photographs, figures, and tables in this report have been converted from color to grayscale for printing. The electronic version of the report (posted on the web at www.trb.org) retains the color versions.

Next: Part 1 - Decision-Making and Planning Guide »
Road Pricing: Public Perceptions and Program Development Get This Book
×
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 686: Road Pricing: Public Perceptions and Program Development explores road pricing concepts and their potential effectiveness and applicability. The report includes guidelines for project planning and integrating pricing into regional and state planning processes, and for communicating strategies and engaging affected parties.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!